Nakuba izixazululo ze-PaaS (I-Platform as a Service) zizodwa azikwazi ukushintsha indlela abantu ngabanye namaqembu asebenzisana ngayo, ngokuvamile zisebenza njenge-catalyst yoshintsho lwenhlangano ekuphenduleni ukukhuphuka kwe-IT.
Eqinisweni, imbuyiselo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwe-PaaS ngokuvamile ingafinyelelwa kuphela ngokushintsha izindima zenhlangano, izibopho (imisebenzi), kanye nobudlelwano. Ngenhlanhla, izixazululo ze-PaaS ezifana ne-OpenShift Container Platform zivumelana nezimo ngokwanele ukuvumela inhlangano ngayinye ye-IT ukuthi inqume isivinini nesikali soshintsho oluhlobene nabantu abahilelekile kanye nezinqubo ezenzekayo.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuqukatha kwebhizinisi, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaliswa kwenkundla yesiqukathi njengohlelo olusha lokuthunyelwa kwezicelo. Kuleli qophelo, izinhlangano zibophela imisebenzi ejwayelekile nezindima ezijwayelekile ukuze ziphendule izicelo ezijwayelekile ezivela emaqenjini okuthuthukisa ezindabeni ezifana nezinhlelo zesitoreji, izindawo zokuphakela, nokunye. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo zokuqukatha, sesivele sikhuluma ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono okuzisiza konjiniyela ukuze kwehliswe umthwalo kubaphathi besistimu futhi ilethe ukuzimela nokusebenza kahle konjiniyela ezingeni eliphezulu. Lena yindlela inhlangano eqala ngayo ukuya ngase-DevOps. Esigabeni sokugcina sokufakwa kweziqukathi, ibhizinisi lifika kumodeli ehlanzekile, ye-canonical ye-DevOps, lapho imisebenzi eminingi yangaphambilini nomsebenzi kulawulwa amaqembu asebenza ngokuphambene angaqoqwanga ngamapulatifomu noma ubuchwepheshe, kodwa kusukela endaweni umbono wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezicelo noma izinsiza zohlelo .
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizonikeza isiqondiso sendlela yokwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo zenhlangano nokuthi izindima ze-IT zendabuko zishintsha kanjani ngokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe beziqukathi ebhizinisini.
Ukuxhumanisa imisebenzi emisha nezindima ezindala
Ngendlela yayo eyisisekelo neyokuqala, imodeli yenhlangano ye-PaaS iklanyelwe ukwabela izinsiza ze-IT ngendlela eguquguqukayo futhi esheshayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza njengendawo yokusebenza yesikhathi. Nakuba lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile kubaphathi bezinhlelo, abathuthukisi ngokuvamile abatholi izinzuzo ezibalulekile noma amakhono amasha, njengoba kulesi sigaba, ibhizinisi lingenza kalula ngaphandle kokuzenzakalela, ukuzisiza, noma ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ipayipi lokuthunyelwa. Nakuba ithinta kancane izinqubo zokuthuthukiswa kulesi sigaba, i-PaaS noma kunjalo ikhulisa ukuqina kohlelo lwe-IT, ivumela abaphathi ukuthi bakhonze kangcono izicelo zonjiniyela. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ngaphambilini bedala indawo yokuthuthukiswa evela eziningana imishini ebonakalayo Nakuba ukudala nokusebenzisa amavolumu okugcina kungathatha izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto, kudinga ukubandakanyeka kwabaphathi abaningana abahlukene, ku-PaaS konke kwenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngumphathi oyedwa kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi, amaqembu okuthuthukisa athumela izicelo njengakuqala, kodwa umsebenzi wokuzisebenzisa manje usuqhutshwa ngokwemodeli entsha.
Endleleni eya enhlanganweni ye-DevOps
Ngokwethula i-PaaS kanye nokuguqula ochwepheshe bemisebenzi ye-IT kanye nabathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza kuyo, inhlangano ingaqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela ye-DevOps, leyo, phakathi kokunye, ehlanganisa izimiso eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:
- Hlukanisa umsebenzi ube yizinyathelo ezincaneukuthola impendulo kusenesikhathi, ukunciphisa izingozi nokugwema ukukhubazeka kokuhlaziya;
- Yenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayoukugwema ukudala izithiyo noma izithiyo ohlelweni lokusatshalaliswa kwezicelo;
- Ukuhwebelana Kolwazi – isihluthulelo sokwakha ukwethembana;
- Khokha izikweletu zobuchwepheshe njalo, ukwaba isikhathi esithile kumjikelezo ngamunye womsebenzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngendlela ehlelekile.
Esigabeni sesibili sokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe beziqukathi, amaqembu okuthuthukisa ngokwemvelo aqala ukubona amathuba okwenza ngcono, futhi ibhizinisi lincike kumodeli ye-DevOps evamile. Indlela evamile yokuhambisa nokugcwalisa izicelo zesevisi manje isibonwa njengebhodlela, ngakho-ke inhlangano ibheke ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izenzo eziphindaphindayo futhi inikeze amandla okuzisiza konjiniyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa makhono kanjiniyela ngaphakathi kwesicelo esithile anqunywa imizamo ehlanganyelwe yochwepheshe be-IT abasebenzisa izinkundla kanye nalabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuletha izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, abalawuli besistimu, abenza izenzo ngesicelo sonjiniyela, bathathelwa indawo izigaba ezimbili ezishiwo ngenhla zabasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuchaza nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezilawula lokho onjiniyela abavunyelwe ukukwenza bebodwa. Izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezidingo ezicacisiwe futhi ziqondise izenzo lapho isimo siwela ngaphandle kobubanzi bezinqubomgomo ezikhona.
Ukudlulela kushejuli ephindaphindwayo, lapho indawo ye-IT kanye nemodeli yokusebenza iba nezinguquko eziphindaphindayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyingqophamlando ekuzuzeni ibhizinisi elivuthiwe le-DevOps. Izinga lokwamukelwa kwendlela ye-DevOps lincike ekubekezeleni kwenhlangano ngayinye ngoshintsho nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko eziletha inzuzo enkulu. Isibonelo, uma isidingo sokudala izindawo ezintsha noma izinhlelo zokusebenza senzeka ngokungavamile, ukwenza kahle imisebenzi ehambisanayo kuzobaluleka kancane kunokukhulisa ukulawula kukanjiniyela phezu komjikelezo wokuphila wohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinselele ezintsha ezivela ezinhlanganweni ze-IT lapho zithuthela ku-OpenShift
Kulesi sigaba, sizobheka izindima nemisebenzi izinhlangano ezamukele i-OpenShift ngokuvamile eziyisebenzisela ukusheshisa umshini ozishintshayo nokuzisiza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ne-PaaS.
Ithebula elingezansi libala imisebenzi eyinhloko yezinga eliphezulu ekhona kunoma iyiphi inhlangano esebenzise i-OpenShift, enezibonelo zemisebenzi ehlobene namakhono. Lolu hlu lwemisebenzi akufanele ludidaniswe nesakhiwo sokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi noma uhlaka lwethimba, kodwa kunalokho isethi yemisebenzi okufanele iqedwe yilabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokusekela i(izi)mvelo ze-IT ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo inkundla yesiqukathi. Eqinisweni, sizophinde sikhombise ukuthi ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe beziqukathi kudala izimfuneko zokwakhiwa kwesu le-DevOps elivuthiwe ebhizinisini, elibuye likhulise izinga lokusebenza okuphambene kwamaqembu futhi linciphise ubungozi bokusebenza okukhethekile ebhizinisini. izinga lakho kokubili abantu ngabanye namaqembu.
Ithebula 1. Izincazelo zomsebenzi we-OpenShift
Imisebenzi
Amakhono Adingekayo
Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwengqalasizinda ye-IT
Imisebenzi:
- Ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwezixazululo zehadiwe
- Inhlangano nokusekelwa kokuzenzakalelayo kokusetha kokuqala
- Idizayina futhi i-automation ye-VM kanye nokulungiselela umsingathi
- Ukuklama nokusebenzisa izikhungo zedatha
- Ukuphatha uhlelo Linux
- I-Automation Scenarios
- Ulwazi lwezinhlelo zokugcina
- Ulwazi lokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi nokusebenzisa
- Ukuphepha
Ukufaka nokuphatha inkundla ye-OpenShift
Imisebenzi:
- Yenza ukufakwa kweqoqo
- Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zengqalasizinda
- Ukuphathwa kokukala kwenkundla
- Ukuqinisekisa kanye nokugunyazwa kwezinga lenkundla
- Ukuphatha uhlelo Linux
- Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi
- Imibhalo ezenzakalelayo (Kungenzeka)
- Ulwazi lwezinhlelo zokugcina
- Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe beziqukathi kanye nezakhiwo
- Ulwazi lwe-Kubernetes kanye nezakhiwo ze-OpenShift
- I-Platform Security
- Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqapha
Ukuphatha ukulungiswa kwezindawo zamaklayenti (ukunikezwa kwabaqashi), ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhono e-IT
Imisebenzi:
- Ukudala abasebenzisi namaqembu ngaphakathi kwenkundla
- I-Quota design nokuphathwa
- I-RBAC Design kanye Nokuqaliswa
- Ulwazi lwe-Kubernetes kanye nezakhiwo ze-OpenShift
- Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe beziqukathi kanye nezakhiwo
- I-Automation Scenarios
- Ulwazi oluhle lwamaphrojekthi, ama-quota, ama-asayinimenti eqhaza nokusebenza nabahleli
Ukwakha nokuphatha izithombe eziyisisekelo
Imisebenzi:
- Ukuthuthukisa Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kokuguqulwa Kwesithombe
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe okusekelwe kumazinga
- Ukuphatha uhlelo Linux
- I-Automation Scenarios
- Ilungiselela izingxenye zohlelo lokusebenza lwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye ne-middleware
- Ulwazi lwezakhiwo zezitsha
- Izinhlelo zokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza
- Ulwazi oluhle lwezithombe, ukusakazwa kwezithombe nezifanekiso
Dizayina futhi uphathe amapayipi okusatshalaliswa
Imisebenzi:
- Idizayini kanye nokubhalwa kwamazinga okuthutha
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwemihlahlandlela esheshayo nezifanekiso
- Ukuqeqeshwa konjiniyela
- Ukuphathwa kwekhodi yomthombo
- Ukuklama nokuqaliswa kohlelo lokusebenza
- I-Automation Scenarios
- Ukuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo
- Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yekhodi
- Ulwazi lwezakhiwo zezitsha
- Ulwazi lwengqalasizinda engaguquki
- Ukuphepha - ukulawula ukufinyelela ezigabeni zamapayipi, ukugunyaza ukuhamba komsebenzi, njll.
- Ulwazi oluhle lwezifanekiso ze-OpenShift, izakhi zokwakha, i-deploymentconfigs, izinsizakalo, imizila, ama-configmaps
Isicelo nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa
Imisebenzi:
- Ukufaka ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo
- Ukusabela Ekuhlulekeni Kokuhlola Ngesikhathi Sepayipi Lokuthunyelwa
- Ukuphendula Ekuhlulekeni Kwezicelo
- Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela komsebenzisi
- Ukuklama nokuqaliswa kohlelo lokusebenza
- Ukuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo
- Ukuphathwa kwekhodi yomthombo
- Ukuqapha Isicelo
- Ulwazi lwezakhiwo zohlelo lokusebenza lwamafu
Ukuqapha ukusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwezicelo
Imisebenzi:
- Ukudizayina Izinhlelo zokusebenza Kokuqukethwe Kokusebenza
- Ukuqapha izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza
- Ukukalwa kohlelo lokusebenza (noma ukukala okuzenzakalelayo)
- Ukuphathwa Kokutholakala Kohlelo
- Cela ama-quota nemikhawulo yokuphathwa kwezinsiza
- Ukusebenza kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwekhono le-IT
- Ukuklama kanye Nokusebenzisa Ukusebenza Kwesicelo
- Ukuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza nokulayisha
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela komsebenzisi
Imisebenzi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-UI (idizayini nolwazi lomsebenzisi)
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo
- Dizayina futhi uhlole izixhumanisi zomsebenzisi
- Amaphethini Wokuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo
- Testing Frameworks
- Isicelo Design Amaphethini
Izindima ezintsha ezivela enhlanganweni ye-IT lapho uthuthela ku-OpenShift
Njengoba udlulela kumodeli yenhlangano ye-DevOps-centric, inani lendima ebalulekile livame ukuncipha, futhi inani lamaqembu ahlukahlukene nemisebenzi liyanda ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokubambisana. Nakhu esicabanga ukuthi uhlu lwezikhundla ezibalulekile enhlanganweni ye-IT esebenzisa i-OpenShift lubukeka kanje:
- Unjiniyela Wokusebenza Kwesicelo NOMA Unjiniyela Wokwethenjwa Kwesayithi. Ngaphambilini, lesi sikhundla kungenzeka ukuthi besibizwa ngokuthi “Umlawuli Weseva Yohlelo Lokusebenza.”
- Unjiniyela Wezinhlelo Zokusebenza/Unjiniyela Wesoftware/Unjiniyela Wesoftware.
- Umphathi Weplatifomu Yeqembu/Yesicelo. Ngaphambilini, le ndima kungenzeka ukuthi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Umphathi Wesistimu" noma "Umlawuli" Linux-amapulatifomu".
- Umphathi Wokukhipha/Unjiniyela Wokwakha.
I-RACI Izindima kanye Nemisebenzi Matrix
Ekugcineni, siqhubekela phambili ukuqhathanisa izikhundla nemisebenzi okuxoxwe ngayo ngenhla ukuze sinikeze umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi ukwakheka kwenhlangano esebenzisa i-DevOps kuplathifomu ye-OpenShift kufanele kubukeke kanjani. Ekuqaleni, izindima ezilandelayo zingagcwaliswa ngamagatsha ahlukene esakhiwo esidala senhlangano. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlanganiswa kuyenzeka futhi amaqembu amasha akhelwe eduze kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithatha iningi noma yonke imisebenzi ebalwe ngezansi.
Imisebenzi
Izindima
Unjiniyela Wokusebenza Kwesicelo / Unjiniyela Wokwethenjwa Kwesayithi
Umthuthukisi Wesicelo / Umthuthukisi Wesoftware / Unjiniyela Wesoftware
I-Cluster/Application Platform Administrator
Umphathi Wokukhishwa Kwesoftware/Unjiniyela Womhlangano
Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwengqalasizinda ye-IT
I
I
R / A
C
Ukufaka nokuphatha inkundla ye-OpenShift
C
I
R / A
C
Dizayina futhi uphathe amapayipi okusatshalaliswa
C
C
I
R / A
Phatha ukuhlinzekwa kwabaqashi, ukuhlukaniswa kanye namandla e-IT
C
I
R / A
I
Ukwakha nokuphatha izithombe eziyisisekelo
R
C
R / A
C
Isicelo nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa
C
R / A
I
I
Ukuqapha ukusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwezicelo
R / A
C
C
I
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukela komsebenzisi
C
R
I
I
Izivumelwano ku-matrix ye-RACI
Source:
- Unomthwalo wemfanelo – Umenzi nguye owenza okudingekayo ukuze aqedele umsebenzi.
- Ukuziphendulela - Uzibophezele - umsebenzi ekugcineni onesibopho sokwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele noma ngokuphelele noma ukuzuza umphumela; futhi nguye yedwa ongabela umsebenzi kubadlali.
- Ukubonisana - Ababonisi - ngokuvamile laba ngochwepheshe bezihloko okufunwa izeluleko zabo; Ukuxhumana okubili kugcinwa nabo.
- Yaziswa - Ukwaziswa - abantu abahlale benolwazi ngezenzakalo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuphela lapho kuqedwa umsebenzi noma impumelelo yomphumela); bathola ulwazi unilaterally.
Amathimba asebenzisana kanjani enhlanganweni ye-DevOps
Ukutholwa kwensiza evamile ngokuvamile kuhilela umjikelezo wezicelo zensiza eziye zenziwa amaqembu amaningi. Ekugcineni, zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo zabiwa futhi ziqinisekiswa yiqembu elicelayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinqubo zenziwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele futhi zidinga ukusebenzisana okuvamile nokuningi phakathi kwamaqembu ukuze kucutshungulwe ngempumelelo isicelo ngasinye.
Umfanekiso 1. Inhlangano ye-IT yendabuko
Umdwebo ongenhla ubonisa ubudlelwano obujwayelekile phakathi kwamaqembu enhlanganweni ye-IT evamile. Kulolu hlelo, amanye amaqembu athintana namanye amaqembu ngesicelo sokwenza umsebenzi odingekayo, esebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezingakahleleki noma ezingaphansi, njengohlelo lwamathikithi noma i-imeyili. Lezi zicelo zibe sezingena emgqeni bese zilinda emaphikweni, ngokulinda isikhathi eside kuvame ukuholela ekulimazeni, noma ekwandiseni ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu. Okwengeza ukushuba kwesimo iqiniso lokuthi amalungu amaqembu ahlukene awavamile ukuhlangana mathupha futhi athambekele ekwabelaneni kuphela ngolwazi oluncane oludingekayo.
Umfanekiso 2: Inhlangano ye-IT ye-DevOps
Lo mdwebo ubonisa ukuthi ukubambisana kusebenza kanjani enhlanganweni ye-DevOps. Lapha, amaqembu afanayo avela kumdwebo odlule ashiye ukuxhumana okungasebenzi okuqinisa ama-silos futhi esikhundleni sawo afaka abathintwayo bomuntu siqu, ngaleyo ndlela adale imigudu eqhubekayo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu. Lezi ziteshi zikhuthaza isethi yamakhono ayingxube esiza abasebenzi baqonde kangcono futhi babone ngeso lengqondo izidingo, izinselele, namathuba amaqembu abawamele. Amaqembu anikezana amandla ukuze aqedele umsebenzi ngezingosi zokuzisiza ezizenzakalelayo, kunokuba asingathe mathupha izicelo zoshintsho zabanye abantu njengoba kwakunjalo esikhathini esidlule. Futhi ngenxa yobukhona beziteshi zokusebenzisana, lezi zinhlelo zokuzisiza zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezidingo zamaqembu eziklanyelwe wona. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqonda okukhulu nakakhulu kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, amalungu eqembu ngezikhathi ezithile ashintshanisa izindima ukuze athole ulwazi lokusebenzelana namaqembu ahlukene futhi aqonde kangcono isithombe esikhulu sezinhlelo ze-IT azisekelayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise izinga lawo lokusebenza okuhlukahlukene nokuba wusizo.
Ukufingqa
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sixoxe ngokuthi ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo ze-PaaS kungayiyisa kanjani inhlangano ku-DevOps, iguqule izindima zendabuko nemisebenzi njengengxenye yenqubo. Kungakho sibhale izinselelo ze-IT eziyinhloko inhlangano ebhekana nazo lapho ithuthela ku-OpenShift, kanye namakhono adingekayo ukuze uziqedele. Siphinde sahlinzeka ngesethi ewumnyombo yezindima zenhlangano eziphakamayo lapho kwakhiwa amaqembu e-DevOps asebenza ngokuphambene, kanye ne-RACI matrix exhumanisa izindima ezintsha nemisebenzi emisha. Ekugcineni, sixoxile ngokuthi inkundla ye-OpenShift kanye nendlela yokusebenza ye-DevOps ehambisana nayo ingashintsha kanjani ukwakheka kwenhlangano yezinhlangano njengoba zisuka ezinhlotsheni zendabuko nezinhlelo zamathikithi ziye emaqenjini asebenza ngokuphambene anezinga eliphezulu lokuxhumana lomuntu siqu.
Source: www.habr.com
