Kusuka kumhumushi
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Muva nje, i-Google imemezele ukutholakala . Lesi ngesinye sezikhungo zedatha zesimanjemanje lapho izinkampani ezifana ne-Microsoft, i-Facebook, i-Apple, i-Yahoo, nezinye zitshale khona, ezitholakala emgqeni ohambisana ne-41st parallel e-United States.
Ngayinye yalezi zinkampani itshala izigidigidi zamaRandi kulawa madolobha amane:
- Microsoft kwesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha e-Des Moines, Iowa, kanye , etholakala Cheyenne, Wyoming.
- Apple esikhungweni sedatha sesimanjemanje e-Des Moines.
- -Google esikhungweni sedatha eduze kwase-Omaha, Nebraska, ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwakamuva e-Salt Lake City.
- yakhe i-supercomputer engu-1.5 petaflop e-Cheyenne, futhi ingenye yamakhompiyutha amakhulu ashesha kakhulu emhlabeni.
- I-US National Security Agency iyasebenza eSalt Lake City, e-Utah.
Ngakho-ke yini eyenza i-parallel engu-41 ikhetheke kangaka, okwenza izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zitshale izigidigidi zamaRandi zakha izikhungo zedatha kulawa madolobha?
Impendulo iwukuthi iningi lethrafikhi eligeleza lisuka empumalanga liye entshonalanga ye-United States futhi libuyela emuva lidlula endaweni ngayinye yalezi zindawo ngamaqoqo amakhulu ezintambo ze-fiber optic eziphethwe inqwaba yezinkampani ze-telecom, njenge: AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, Level 3, Zayo, Fibertech, Windstream nabanye.
Le ngqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic inikeza izikhungo zedatha ukufinyelela kwinani elikhulu lamashaneli abanzi, okugqugquzela umjikelezo wokutshala izimali - izikhungo zedatha eziningi ziheha ithrafikhi eyengeziwe, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwama-backbones amaningi we-fiber optic, okuphinde kuholele ekwakheni izikhungo zedatha ezengeziwe. .
Kungani zonke lezi zikhulu zezingcingo zikhethe ukuthola imigwaqo yazo ewuthelawayeka kulo mzila onqamula e-US? Ngoba ngayinye yalezi zintambo ihamba ngaphansi komhlaba endleleni engakwesokudla eqhubekayo ecishe ibe ngamamitha angu-60 ububanzi eduze nomzila wesitimela wokuqala onqamula ezwenikazi, owaqedwa ngo-1869. Uhulumeni wase-US unikeze ilungelo lalo mhlaba kumzila wesitimela we-Union Pacific ngokusayina . Futhi uma uyinkampani yezokuxhumana efuna ukwakha umgogodla omusha wokubona kulo lonke elase-United States ngo-2019, kunenkampani eyodwa kuphela oyodinga ukuxhumanisa iphrojekthi yakho nayo: Union Pacific. Lesi siqeshana somhlaba sinqamula ngokuphelele i-United States, njengoba kubonakala kulo mklamo kaloliwe ka-1864:
Isibonelo sendawo enjalo ye-telecom yi-teleport enkulu ye-EchoStar e-Cheyenne, e-Wyoming. I-EchoStar isebenzisa amasathelayithi angama-25 e-geostationary ukusakaza okuqukethwe namamuvi. Bathenge indawo enkulu eduze ne-Union Pacific right-of-way, ebavumela ukuthi bachofoze ngqo kuzintambo ze-transcontinental optical ezigqitshwe eduze kukaloliwe.
Esithombeni esingezansi ungabona ngokucacile umugqa ohlukanisa imigqa yendawo ye-EchoStar, esenyakatho eqondana ne-Union Pacific kwesokudla.
Esinye isibonelo salokhu kusondela izikhungo zedatha ze-Microsoft kanye nesikhungo sekhompiyutha enkulu ye-NCAR e-Wyoming. Zombili zitholakala ngaphakathi kwekhilomitha likaloliwe we-Union Pacific:
Kungani kwakhiwe ujantshi eduze kwe-41st parallel, usuka e-Iowa uya eCalifornia?
Kusukela ngo-1853, i-United States iqhubekile ukuze uthole indlela engcono kakhulu yomzila wesitimela omusha - ngokuhambisana kwama-47, 39, 35 kanye nama-32. Ngo-1859, uNobhala Wezempi wase-US uJefferson Davis wawusekela ngokuqinile umzila oseningizimu osuka eNew Orleans uya eSan Diego - wawumfushane, zazingekho izintaba eziphakeme okwakumelwe zinqotshwe endleleni, futhi kwakungekho neqhwa elalizonyusa izindleko zokulondoloza umzila omusha. ujantshi.imigwaqo. Kodwa ngeminyaka yawo-1850, akekho ukhongolose wasenyakatho owayezovotela umzila oseningizimu, owawuzosiza umnotho wezigqila we-Confederacy, futhi akekho ukhongolose waseningizimu owayezovotela umzila osenyakatho. Lesi simo siqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho kugqashuka iMpi Yombango YaseMelika. Ngenkathi izifundazwe eziseningizimu zihlukana nenyunyana ngo-1861, osopolitiki abasasele basenyakatho bavotela ngokushesha iRailroad Act ka-1862, eyasungula indawo yokuqala yomgwaqo onqamula ezweni eCouncil Bluffs, Iowa, kanye nomzila wayo osuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga ngoMzila 41. - ukuhambisana.
Kungani i-Council Bluffs? Ayemaningi amadolobha ayezimisele ukungenela leli lungelo. Kodwa kwakhethwa i-Council Bluffs ngenxa yokuthi isigodi soMfula iPlate ngasentshonalanga yedolobha sasitsheka kamnandi ngaseziNtabeni ZaseRocky, sinikeza umthombo okahle wamanzi wezitimela. Amanzi afanayo manje asesetshenziselwa izikhungo zedatha zesimanje kulo mzila.
Ngemva kokuba umzila wesitimela wokuqala usuqediwe, i-Western Union yasheshe yasungula umhubhe wokuqala wezokuxhumana phakathi kukaloliwe kwesokudla sendlela, futhi ngokushesha yabe idlulisela wonke amatelegramu ukusuka komunye umkhawulo wezwekazi kuya komunye. Kamuva, lapho i-AT&T yakha izintambo zocingo ezikude ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, nazo zakhiwa eduze kwalo mzila wesitimela. Le migwaqo ewuthelawayeka yakhula futhi yakhiwa phezu kwayo yaze yaba iqoqo elikhulu lemigwaqo emikhulu yezokuxhumana ekhona kulesi siqeshana sezwe namuhla.
Yile ndlela izinqumo zenqubomgomo ezenziwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-150 edlule zinqume ukuthi izigidigidi zamadola zitshalwa kuphi ezikhungweni zedatha zesimanje namuhla.
Source: www.habr.com