Ekuqaleni kuhlale kunzima ukuqonda iphrojekthi enkulu nendala. I-Architecture ingenye yemisebenzi yokuhlolwa komklami. Ngokuvamile kufanele usebenze namaphrojekthi amakhulu, amadala, futhi imiphumela kufanele ilethwe ngesonto.
Indlela yokuhlola iphrojekthi yemigqa yekhodi engu-100k noma ngaphezulu ngeviki ube usanikeza imiphumela elusizo ngempela kuklayenti.
Abaklami abaningi bezakhiwo kanye nabahola bezobuchwepheshe baye bahlangabezana nokuhlolwa kwephrojekthi okufanayo. Lokhu kungase kubukeke njengenqubo ehlelekile noma njengesevisi ehlukile njengoba kwenziwa enkampanini yethu, ngandlela thile iningi lenu liye labhekana nalokhu.
Okwangempela ngesiNgisi kwabangani bakho abangakhulumi isi-Russian kulapha: .
Indlela yenkampani yethu
Ngizokutshela ukuthi kusebenza kanjani enkampanini yethu nokuthi ngenza kanjani ezimweni ezifanayo, kodwa ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula le ndlela ngokuvumelana nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho nenkampani.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo.
Ngaphakathi - sivame ukukwenzela amaphrojekthi angaphakathi enkampanini. Noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ingase icele ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ngezizathu ezimbalwa:
- Ithimba licabanga ukuthi iphrojekthi yabo ilungile futhi lokhu kuyasolisa. Siye saba namacala anjalo, futhi ngokuvamile kumaphrojekthi anjalo konke akulungile.
- Ithimba lifuna ukuhlola iphrojekthi yabo nezisombululo zabo.
- Iqembu liyazi ukuthi izinto zimbi. Bangase babhale ngisho nezinkinga ezinkulu nezimbangela, kodwa bafuna uhlu oluphelele lwezinkinga nezincomo zokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi.
Ngaphandle kuwuhlelo olusemthethweni kunokuhlola kwangaphakathi. Iklayenti njalo iza kuphela esimweni esisodwa, lapho konke kubi - kubi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile iklayenti liyaqonda ukuthi kunezinkinga zomhlaba wonke, kodwa alikwazi ukubona kahle izimbangela bese lizihlukanisa zibe izingxenye.
Ukuhlola i-architecture yeklayenti langaphandle kuyicala eliyinkimbinkimbi. Inqubo kufanele ibe ngokusemthethweni. Amaphrojekthi ahlala emakhulu futhi amadala. Banezinkinga eziningi, izimbungulu kanye nekhodi egwegwile. Umbiko ngomsebenzi owenziwe kufanele ube usulungile emasontweni ambalwa edlule, okufanele uhlanganise nezinkinga ezinkulu kanye nezincomo zokuthuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma sibhekana nokuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwephrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kuzoba ucezu lwekhekhe. Ake sicabangele icala elinzima kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zephrojekthi yebhizinisi
Iphrojekthi ejwayelekile okufanele ihlolwe iphrojekthi enkulu, endala, yebhizinisi enezinkinga eziningi. Iklayenti liza kithi futhi lisicele ukuthi silungise iphrojekthi yalo. Kufana ne-iceberg, iklayenti libona kuphela iphuzu lezinkinga zalo futhi alikwazi ukuthi yini engaphansi kwamanzi (ekujuleni kwekhodi).
Izinkinga ikhasimende elingakhononda ngazo futhi okungenzeka lizazi:
- Izinkinga Zokusebenza
- Izinkinga zokusebenziseka
- Ukuthunyelwa kwesikhathi eside
- Ukushoda kweyunithi nokunye ukuhlola
Izinkinga okungenzeka ukuthi iklayenti alizazi, kodwa zingase zibe khona kuphrojekthi:
- Izinkinga zokuphepha
- Izinkinga zokuklama
- Izakhiwo ezingalungile
- Amaphutha e-algorithmic
- Ubuchwepheshe obungafanele
- Isikweletu sobuchwepheshe
- Inqubo yokuthuthukisa engalungile
Inqubo esemthethweni yokubuyekezwa kwezakhiwo
Lena inqubo esemthethweni esiyilandelayo njengenkampani, kodwa ungayenza ngendlela oyifisayo kuye ngenkampani yakho nephrojekthi.
Isicelo esivela kuklayenti
Iklayenti licela ukuhlola ukwakheka kwephrojekthi yamanje. Umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo ohlangothini lwethu uqoqa ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nephrojekthi futhi akhethe ochwepheshe abadingekayo. Kuye ngephrojekthi, laba bangase babe ochwepheshe abahlukene.
Isixazululo Umakhi - umuntu oyinhloko obhekene nokuhlola nokuxhumana (futhi ngokuvamile kube nguye yedwa).
Beka ochwepheshe abathile β .Net, Java, Python, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kuye ngephrojekthi nobuchwepheshe
Ochwepheshe bamafu - laba kungaba abakhi befu be-Azure, GCP noma be-AWS.
Ingqalasizinda - I-DevOps, Umphathi Wesistimu, njll.
Abanye ochwepheshe - njengedatha enkulu, ukufunda komshini, unjiniyela wokusebenza, uchwepheshe wezokuphepha, ukuhola kwe-QA.
Ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nephrojekthi
Kufanele uqoqe ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nephrojekthi. Ungasebenzisa amasu ahlukene kuye ngesimo:
- Uhlu lwemibuzo nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ngeposi. Indlela engasebenzi kakhulu.
- Imihlangano eku-inthanethi.
- Amathuluzi akhethekile okushintshisana ngolwazi afana nalawa: i-Google doc, Confluence, amakhosombe, njll.
- Imihlangano βBukhomaβ esizeni. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu.
Yini okufanele uyithole kuklayenti?
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo. Imayelana nani iphrojekthi? Inhloso nokubaluleka kwayo. Imigomo nezinhlelo ezibalulekile zekusasa. Imigomo yebhizinisi namasu. Izinkinga eziyinhloko kanye nemiphumela oyifunayo.
Ulwazi lwephrojekthi. Isitaki sobuchwepheshe, izinhlaka, izilimi zokuhlela. Kusendaweni noma ukuthunyelwa kwamafu. Uma iphrojekthi isefwini, yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisetshenziswayo. Yimaphi amaphethini ezakhiwo nemiklamo asetshenzisiwe.
Izidingo ezingasebenzi. Zonke izidingo ezihlobene nokusebenza, ukutholakala, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwesistimu. Izimfuneko zokuphepha, njll.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo nokugeleza kwedatha.
Ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu! Kufanele nakanjani uthole ukufinyelela kumakhosombe kanye nemibhalo yokuthi wakha kanjani iphrojekthi.
Ukufinyelela kwingqalasizinda. Kungaba kuhle ukufinyelela esiteji noma ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza ukuze usebenze nohlelo olubukhoma. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu uma iklayenti linamathuluzi okuqapha ingqalasizinda nokusebenza. Sizokhuluma ngala mathuluzi esigabeni esilandelayo.
Imibhalo. Uma iklayenti linamaphepha lokhu kuyisiqalo esihle. Kungase kuphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa kuseyisiqalo esihle. Ungalokothi uthembele amadokhumenti - ihlole neklayenti, nengqalasizinda yangempela kanye nekhodi yomthombo.
Inqubo Yokuhlola Izakhiwo
Umuntu angalucubungula kanjani ulwazi oluningi kangaka ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka? Okokuqala, hlanganisa umsebenzi.
I-DevOps kufanele ibheke ingqalasizinda. I-Tech ihola kukhodi. Unjiniyela wokusebenza ukuze abuke amamethrikhi okusebenza. Uchwepheshe wedathabheyisi kufanele ajule ezinhlakeni zedatha.
Kodwa leli yicala elihle uma unezinsiza eziningi. Ngokuvamile, umuntu oyedwa kuya kwabathathu uhlola iphrojekthi. Ungakwazi ngisho nokwenza isilinganiso ngokwakho, okuyinto evame ukuba njalo uma unolwazi olufanele nolwazi kuzo zonke izici zephrojekthi. Kulokhu, udinga ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izinqubo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngeshwa, kuzodingeka ufunde amadokhumenti mathupha. Ngenani elifanele lolwazi, ungakwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha ikhwalithi yamadokhumenti. Okuyiqiniso nalokho okucacile akuhambelani neqiniso. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona izakhiwo kumibhalo engasoze yasebenza empilweni yangempela. Lesi yisiqalo sokuthi ucabange ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani empeleni kuphrojekthi.
Amathuluzi awusizo ukwenza ukuhlola kwephrojekthi ngokuzenzakalelayo
Ukuhlola amakhodi kuwumsebenzi olula. Ungasebenzisa izihlaziyi zekhodi ezimile ezizokukhombisa ukuklama, ukusebenza, nezinkinga zokuphepha. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
iyithuluzi elikhulu umakhi. Izokukhombisa isithombe esikhulu, ukuncika phakathi kwamamojula nezindawo ezingase zibe khona zokuphinda zenziwe kabusha. Njengawo wonke amathuluzi amahle, kubiza imali enhle, kodwa ungasebenzisa inguqulo yesilingo yezinsuku ezingama-30.
- ithuluzi elidala elihle. Ithuluzi lokuhlaziya ikhodi emile. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ikhodi embi, iziphazamisi, nezinkinga zokuphepha ezilimini zokuhlela ezingaphezu kuka-20.
Bonke abahlinzeki bamafu banamathuluzi okuqapha ingqalasizinda. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole kahle ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda yakho ngokwezindleko kanye nokusebenza. Okwe-AWS lokhu . Kulula ku-Azure .
Ukuqapha ukusebenza okwengeziwe nokuloga kuzosiza ukuthola izinkinga zokusebenza kuwo wonke amazinga. Iqala kusizindalwazi esinemibuzo engaphumeleli, ingemuva futhi igcine nge-frontend. Ngisho noma iklayenti belingakawafaki la mathuluzi ngaphambilini, ungawahlanganisa kusistimu ekhona ngokushesha ukuze uhlonze izinkinga zokusebenza.
Njengenjwayelo, amathuluzi amahle ayakufanelekela. Ngingancoma amathuluzi ambalwa akhokhelwayo. Yebo ungasebenzisa umthombo ovulekile kodwa kuzokuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe. Futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi, hhayi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo.
β ithuluzi lokuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza
- isevisi yokuqapha uhlelo lwamafu
Kunamathuluzi amaningi atholakalayo okuhlola ukuphepha. Lesi sikhathi ngizokuncoma ithuluzi lamahhala lokuskena uhlelo.
β ithuluzi lokuskena izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ukuze zihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha.
Ake sihlanganise konke ndawonye.
Ilungiselela umbiko
Qala umbiko wakho ngedatha oyiqoqile kuklayenti. Chaza izinhloso zephrojekthi, izithiyo, izidingo ezingasebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, yonke idatha yokufaka kufanele ishiwo: ikhodi yomthombo, imibhalo, ingqalasizinda.
Okulandelayo. Faka kuhlu noma yiziphi izinkinga ozithole ngokwenza noma usebenzisa amathuluzi azenzakalelayo. Beka imibiko emikhulu ekhiqizwe ngokuzenzakalela ekugcineni esigabeni sezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kufanele kube nobufakazi obufushane nobufushane bezinkinga ezitholakele.
Beka kuqala izinkinga ezitholakala ephutheni, isexwayiso, isikali solwazi. Ungazikhethela esakho isikali, kodwa lesi yisona esamukelwa ngokuvamile.
Njengomakhi wangempela, kuyisibopho sakho ukunikeza izincomo ukuze ulungise izinkinga ezitholiwe. Chaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenani lebhizinisi ikhasimende elizolithola. Ungalikhombisa kanjani inani lebhizinisi kusuka sike saxoxa ngaphambili.
Lungiselela imephu yomgwaqo eneziphindaphindo ezincane. Ukuphindaphinda ngakunye kufanele kuqukathe isikhathi sokuqeda, incazelo, inani lezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe, inani lobuchwepheshe kanye nevelu yebhizinisi.
Siqedela ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo futhi sinikeze iklayenti umbiko
Ungalokothi uthumele umbiko. Ingase ingafundwa nhlobo, noma ingase ingafundwa futhi iqondwe ngaphandle kwencazelo efanele. Kafushane, ukuxhumana bukhoma kusiza ekuqedeni ukungezwani phakathi kwabantu. Kufanele uhlele umhlangano neklayenti futhi ukhulume ngezinkinga ezitholakele, ugxile kwezibaluleke kakhulu. Kufanelekile ukudonsela ukunaka kweklayenti ezinkingeni okungenzeka ukuthi azazi nazazi. Okufana nezindaba zokuphepha futhi uchaze ukuthi zingaba nomthelela kanjani ebhizinisini. Bonisa imephu yakho yomgwaqo ngentuthuko futhi nixoxe ngezinketho ezihlukile ezifanele iklayenti. Lokhu kungaba isikhathi, izinsiza, inani lomsebenzi.
Njengesifinyezo somhlangano wakho, thumela umbiko wakho kuklayenti.
Ekuphethweni
Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze wenze ukuhlola ngendlela efanele udinga ukuba nesipiliyoni nolwazi olwanele.
Kungenzeka ukunikeza iklayenti imiphumela ewusizo kulo nasebhizinisini lalo ngeviki nje. Noma wenza wedwa.
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, intuthuko eminingi yalandwa phakathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayizange iqale. Labo abazikhethela indlela esagolide futhi benza ingxenye kuphela yentuthuko ewusizo kakhulu ebhizinisini ngezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi balithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo wabo. Labo abangenzanga lutho babengawuvala ngokuphelele umsebenzi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Umgomo wakho uwukukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kweklayenti ngenani elincane.
Ezinye izindatshana ezivela esigabeni ungafunda lapho uziphumulele.
Ngikufisela ikhodi ehlanzekile nezinqumo ezinhle zezakhiwo.
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Source: www.habr.com