Kusebenza kanjani ukuvimba ukufinyelela emakhasini asabalalisa okuqukethwe okunqatshelwe (manje i-RKN ihlola nezinjini zokusesha)

Ngaphambi kokudlulela encazelweni yesistimu enesibopho sokuhlunga ukufinyelela opharetha be-telecom, siyaqaphela ukuthi manje i-Roskomnadzor izophinde ilawule ukusebenza kwezinjini zokusesha.

Ekuqaleni konyaka, inqubo yokulawula kanye nohlu lwezinyathelo zavunyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha benjini yokusesha bathobela izidingo zokuyeka ukukhipha ulwazi mayelana nezinsiza ze-Inthanethi, ukufinyelela kuzo okulinganiselwe endaweni ye-Russian Federation.

I-oda elihambelanayo I-Roskomnadzor yangoNovemba 7, 2017 No. 229 ibhaliswe noMnyango Wezobulungiswa waseRussia.

Lo myalo wamukelwe njengengxenye yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlinzeko ze-Athikili 15.8 yoMthetho Wombuso wangomhla zingama-27.07.2006 kuJulayi, 149 No. XNUMX-FZ “Ngolwazi, Ubuchwepheshe Bolwazi Nokuvikelwa Kolwazi,” enqumayo. izibopho zabanikazi bezinsizakalo ze-VPN, "abangaziwa" kanye nabaqhubi bezinjini zokusesha ukuze bakhawulele ukufinyelela olwazini, ukusatshalaliswa kwakho kunqatshelwe eRussia.

Imisebenzi yokulawula yenziwa endaweni yendikimba yokulawula ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabaqhubi benjini yokusesha.

Uhlelo lolwazi luqondwa njenge-FSIS yemithombo yolwazi yolwazi namanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo, ukufinyelela kuwo okulinganiselwe.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yomcimbi, kukhishwa umbiko, obonisa, ikakhulukazi, ulwazi mayelana nesofthiwe esetshenziselwa ukusungula lawa maqiniso, kanye nolwazi oluqinisekisa ukuthi ikhasi elithile (amakhasi) lesayithi ngesikhathi sokulawula. ibikuhlelo lolwazi isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku.

Isenzo sithunyelwa ku-opharetha wenjini yokusesha ngohlelo lolwazi. Esimeni sokungavumelani nesenzo, opharetha unelungelo lokuhambisa ukuphikisa kwakhe ku-Roskomnadzor zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zokusebenza, okucutshungulwa ukuphikisa futhi phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu zokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokucatshangelwa kokuphikisa komsebenzisi, inhloko yendikimba yokulawula noma isekela lakhe linquma ukuqalisa icala lecala lokuphatha.

Isistimu yokuhlunga yokufinyelela yama-opharetha e-telecom yakhiwe kanjani njengamanje

E-Russia kunemithetho eminingana ebophezela opharetha bezingcingo ukuthi bahlunge ukufinyelela kumakhasi asakaza okuqukethwe okungavunyelwe:

• Umthetho Wombuso 126 “Kwezokuxhumana”, ukuchitshiyelwa ku-Art. 46 - esibophweni sika-opharetha sokukhawulela ukufinyelela olwazini (FSEM).
• "Irejista Ehlanganisiwe" - Isimemezelo sikaHulumeni Wenhlangano YaseRussia sango-Okthoba 26, 2012 N 1101 "Ohlelweni lolwazi oluzenzakalelayo oluhlanganisiwe "Irejista Ehlanganisiwe yamagama wesizinda, izinkomba zamakhasi esizindalwazi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana "I-Intanethi" namakheli enethiwekhi. evumela ukuhlonza amasayithi kulwazi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana Amanethiwekhi e-inthanethi aqukethe ulwazi olungavunyelwe ukusatshalaliswa e-Russian Federation"
• I-Federal Law 436 "Ekuvikelweni Kwezingane...", ukuhlukaniswa kolwazi olutholakalayo.
• I-Federal Law No. 3 "Emaphoyiseni", i-Article 13, isigaba 12 - ekuqedeni izimbangela nezimo ezifaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsongo ekuphepheni kwezakhamizi nokuphepha komphakathi.
• I-Federal Law No. 187 "Ezichibiyelweni zezenzo ezithile zomthetho ze-Russian Federation mayelana nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo engqondo olwazini namanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana" ("umthetho ophikisana nokuphanga").
• Ukuthobela izinqumo zenkantolo kanye nemiyalelo yabashushisi.
• Umthetho Wombuso wangomhla zingama-28.07.2012 kuJulayi, 139 N XNUMX-FZ “Ezichibiyelweni Zomthetho Wombuso “Okuvikelwe Kwezingane Olwazini Oluyingozi Empilweni Yazo Nentuthuko” kanye nezenzo ezithile zomthetho ze-Russian Federation.
• Umthetho Wombuso wangomhla zingama-27 kuJulayi, 2006 No. 149-FZ “Olwazini, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuvikelwa kolwazi.”

Izicelo ezivela ku-Roskomnadzor zokuvinjwa ziqukethe uhlu olusha lwezidingo zomhlinzeki, okufakiwe ngakunye okuvela esicelweni esinjalo kuqukethe:

• uhlobo lwerejista ngokuhambisana nokuvinjelwa okwenziwa ngalo;
• iphuzu ngesikhathi lapho isidingo sokukhawulela ukufinyelela sivela;
• uhlobo lokuphuthuma kokuphendula (ukuphuthuma okuvamile - kungakapheli amahora angu-XNUMX, ukuphuthuma okukhulu - impendulo esheshayo);
• uhlobo lokubhalisa okuvinjwayo (nge-URL noma ngegama lesizinda);
• ikhodi ye-hash yokungena kokubhalisa (ishintsha noma nini lapho okuqukethwe kokungenayo kushintsha);
• imininingwane yesinqumo ngesidingo sokukhawulela ukufinyelela;
• inkomba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamakhasi esayithi, ukufinyelela okufanele kukhawulelwe (kuyakhetheka);
• igama lesizinda elilodwa noma ngaphezulu (uyazikhethela);
• ikheli lenethiwekhi elilodwa noma amaningi (uma uthanda);
• i-subnet eyodwa noma ngaphezulu e-IP (uma uthanda).

Ukuze kuxhunyanwe ngempumelelo ulwazi nabaqhubi, "uhlelo lolwazi lokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-Roskomnadzor nabaqhubi be-telecom" lwenziwa. Itholakala kanye nemithethonqubo, imiyalelo nezikhumbuzi zabasebenzisi kuphothali ekhethekile:

vigruzki.rkn.gov.ru

Ngokwengxenye yayo, ukuze uhlole opharetha be-telecom, i-Roskomnadzor yaqala ukukhipha iklayenti ku-AS "Revizor". Ngezansi okuncane mayelana nokusebenza komenzeli.

I-algorithm yokuhlola ukutholakala kwe-URL ngayinye ku-ejenti. Lapho ihlola, i-ejenti kumele:

• nquma amakheli e-IP lapho igama lenethiwekhi yesayithi elihlolwayo (isizinda) liguqulelwa khona noma lisebenzisa i-IP amakheli anikeziwe ekulayisheni;
• Kukheli le-IP ngalinye elitholwe kumaseva e-DNS, yenza isicelo se-HTTP se-URL ehlolwayo. Uma ukuqondisa kabusha kwe-HTTP kwamukelwa kusukela kusayithi eliskenwayo, Umenzeli kufanele ahlole i-URL okwenziwa kuyo ukuqondisa kabusha. Okungenani ukuqondisa kabusha kwe-HTTP okungu-5 okulandelanayo kuyasekelwa;
• uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza isicelo se-HTTP (uxhumano lwe-TCP alusungulwa), i-Agent kufanele iphethe ngokuthi lonke ikheli le-IP livinjelwe;
• esimeni sesicelo se-HTTP esiyimpumelelo, Umenzeli kufanele ahlole impendulo etholiwe evela kusayithi ehlolwa ngekhodi yokuphendula ye-HTTP, izihloko ze-HTTP, nokuqukethwe kwe-HTTP (idatha yokuqala etholiwe efika ku-10 kb ngosayizi). Uma impendulo etholiwe ifana nezifanekiso zekhasi le-stub ezidalwe esikhungweni sokulawula kufanele kuphethwe ngokuthi i-URL ehlolwayo ivinjiwe;
• lapho uhlola i-URL, Umenzeli kufanele ahlole ukufakwa koxhumano olubethelwe futhi amake insiza;
• Uma idatha etholwe Umenzeli ingafani nezifanekiso zamakhasi e-stub noma amakhasi athenjwayo okuqondisa kabusha azisa ngokuvinjwa kwensiza, Umenzeli kufanele aphethe ngokuthi i-URL ayivinjiwe ku-SPD yomsebenzisi wefoni. Kulesi simo, ulwazi mayelana nedatha (impendulo ye-HTTP) etholwe yi-Agent irekhodwa embikweni (ifayela lokungena kocwaningo). Umlawuli wesistimu unamandla okwenza isifanekiso sekhasi elisha le-stub kusuka kuleli rekhodi ukuvimbela iziphetho ezingamanga ezilandelayo mayelana nokungabikho kwebhulokhi.

Uhlu lwalokho I-ejenti okufanele ikunikeze

• ukuxhumana nesikhungo sokulawula ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lwama-URL namamodi okuvimbela adinga ukuhlolwa;
• ukuxhumana nesikhungo sokulawula ukuze kutholwe idatha yezindlela zokuhlola. Amamodi asekelwayo: isheke eligcwele lesikhathi esisodwa, inkathi egcwele enesikhawu esicacisiwe, isikhathi esisodwa esikhethiwe ngohlu olushiwo umsebenzisi lwama-URL, ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhawu esicacisiwe sohlu lwama-URL (ohlobo oluthile lwerekhodi le-EP);
• ukuqhubeka kokwenziwa kwezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ezishiwo kusetshenziswa uhlu olukhona lwe-URL, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola uhlu lwama-URL esikhungweni sokulawula, nokugcinwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa etholiwe ngokudluliselwa okulandelayo esikhungweni sokulawula;
• ukuqaliswa ngokugcwele kwezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ezishiwo kusetshenziswa izinhlu ezitholakalayo zama-URL, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokuqinisekisa esikhungweni sokulawula, nokugcinwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa etholiwe ngokudluliselwa okulandelayo esikhungweni sokulawula;
• ukuhlola imiphumela yokuvimbela ngokuhambisana nemodi emisiwe;
• ukuthumela umbiko mayelana nokuhlolwa okwenziwe esikhungweni sokulawula (ifayela lokungena lokuhlola);
• ikhono lokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-SPD ye-telecom operator, i.e. ukuhlola ukutholakala kohlu lwezindawo ezaziwayo ezifinyelelekayo;
• ikhono lokuhlola imiphumela yokuvinjwa usebenzisa iseva elibamba;
• amathuba okuvuselelwa kwesoftware okukude;
• ikhono lokwenza izinqubo zokuxilonga ku-SPD (isikhathi sokuphendula, indlela yephakethe, isivinini sokulanda amafayela esisetshenziswa sangaphandle, ukuzimisela kwamakheli e-IP wamagama wesizinda, isivinini sokuthola ulwazi esiteshini sokuxhumana esibuyela emuva kumanethiwekhi okufinyelela anezintambo, iphakethe izinga lokulahlekelwa, isilinganiso samaphakheji wesikhathi sokulibaziseka kokudlulisela);
• ukuskena ukusebenza okungenani kwama-URL ayi-10 ngomzuzwana, inqobo nje uma kunomkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi sokuxhumana owanele;
• ikhono le-ejenti lokufinyelela insiza izikhathi eziningi (kuze kufike ezikhathini ezingu-20), nemvamisa eguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-1 isikhathi ngomzuzwana ukuya ku-1 isikhathi ngomzuzu;
• ikhono lokudala ukuhleleka okungahleliwe kokufakiwe kohlu okudluliselwa ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kusethwe okubalulekile kwekhasi elithile lesayithi ku-inthanethi.

Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sibukeka kanje:

Izixazululo zesoftware ne-hardware-software zokuhlunga ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi (izixazululo ze-DPI) zivumela opharetha ukuthi bavimbe ithrafikhi esuka kubasebenzisi eya kumasayithi ohlwini lwe-RKN. Ukuthi bavinjiwe noma abavinjiwe kuhlolwa iklayenti le-AS Auditor. Uhlola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukutholakala kwesayithi esebenzisa uhlu oluvela kwa-RKN.

Iphrothokholi yokuqapha isampula iyatholakala isixhumanisi.

Ngonyaka odlule, i-Roskomnadzor yaqala ukuhlola izixazululo zokuvimbela u-opharetha angazisebenzisa ukuze asebenzise lolu hlelo ngo-opharetha. Ake ngicaphune emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okunjalo:

“Izixazululo zesofthiwe ezikhethekile “UBIC”, “EcoFilter”, “SKAT DPI”, “Tixen-Blocking”, “SkyDNS Zapret ISP” kanye “ne-Carbon Reductor DPI” zithole iziphetho ezinhle ezivela ku-Roskomnadzor.

Isiphetho esivela ku-Roskomnadzor siphinde satholwa esiqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi opharetha bezingcingo abasebenzisa isofthiwe ye-ZapretService njengendlela yokukhawulela ukufinyelela kwizinsiza ezinqatshelwe ku-inthanethi. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi uma ifakwe ngokohlelo lokuxhuma olunconyiwe lomkhiqizi "esikhala" futhi ilungise kahle inethiwekhi ye-telecom opharetha, inani lokwephulwa okutholiwe ngokuya ngeRejista Ehlanganisiwe Yolwazi Oluvinjelwe alidluli u-0,02%.

Ngakho-ke, opharetha be-telecom banikezwa ithuba lokukhetha isisombululo esifanele kakhulu sokunciphisa ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezivinjelwe, kuhlanganise nohlu lwemikhiqizo yesofthiwe ethole umbono omuhle ku-Roskomnadzor.

Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wesofthiwe ye-IdecoSeleta ISP, ngenxa yenqubo ende yokuthunyelwa nokucushwa kwayo, abanye opharetha abakwazanga ukuqala ukuhlola ngesikhathi. Ngaphezulu kwesigamu sabasebenzi be-telecom ababambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni, isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Ideco Selecta ISP asidlulanga isonto. Uma kucatshangelwa umthamo omncane wedatha yezibalo etholiwe kanye nenani elincane labahlanganyeli bokuhlola, i-Roskomnadzor esiphethweni sayo esisemthethweni ibonise ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola iziphetho ezicacile mayelana nempumelelo yomkhiqizo we-Ideco Selecta ISP njengendlela yokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwezinsiza ezingavunyelwe ku-inthanethi. ”

Ake ngengeze ukuthi kuze kufike ku-27 opharetha bezingcingo abanezinombolo ezihlukene zababhalisile abavela ezifundeni ezihlukene ze-Russian Federation babambe iqhaza ekuhloleni umkhiqizo ngamunye wesofthiwe.

Iziphetho ezisemthethweni ezisekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa zingatholakala lapha. Lezi ziphetho ziqukethe cishe iqanda lolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Ungafunda ngomkhiqizo othi “Ideco Selecta ISP” ukuze wazi ukuthi yini okungafanele uyenze.

Kulo nyaka ukuhlolwa kuzoqhubeka futhi okwamanje, ukwahlulela ngezindaba ezivela e-Roskomnadzor, umkhiqizo owodwa usuvele uthathiwe futhi 2 ngaphezulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Kuthiwani uma ukuvinjwa kwenzeke ngephutha?

Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukukukhumbuza ukuthi i-Roskomnadzor "ayenzi amaphutha," okuqinisekiswa yiNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo.

Lesi sinqumo, esikhulula ngempumelelo i-Roskomnadzor umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvimbela izindawo ngephutha, samukelwa njengengxenye yokucutshungulwa kwesikhalo eNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ngumqondisi we-Internet Publishers Association, uVladimir Kharitonov. Yathi ngoDisemba 2012, uRoskomnadzor wavimba ngephutha umtapo wakhe wezincwadi we-inthanethi digital-books.ru. Njengoba uMnu. Kharitonov achaza, insiza yakhe yayitholakala ekhelini le-IP elifanayo ne-portal rastamantales(.)ru (manje eyi-rastamantales(.)com), okwakuyinto yokuqala yokuvinjwa. UVladimir Kharitonov wazama ukuphikisa isinqumo sikaRoskomnadzor enkantolo, kodwa ngoJuni 2013 iNkantolo Yesifunda saseTagansky yaqaphela ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kungokomthetho, futhi ngo-September 2013 lesi sinqumo sasekelwa yiNkantolo Yedolobha LaseMoscow.

Kusuka lapho:

URoskomnadzor utshele uKommersant ukuthi bagculisekile ngesinqumo seNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. “INkantolo YoMthethosisekelo ikuqinisekisile ukuthi iRoskomnadzor iyawusebenzisa lo mthetho. Uma u-opharetha engenalo ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokukhawulela ukufinyelela ekhasini elihlukile lesayithi, futhi hhayi ekhelini lenethiwekhi, khona-ke lona umthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzisi, "unobhala wezindaba womnyango utshele u-Kommersant.

Lolu daba lubalulekile futhi kubahlinzeki bamafu kanye nezinkampani zokubamba, njengoba izigameko ezifanayo zenzeke kubo. NgoJuni 2016, isevisi yefu ye-Amazon S3 yavinjelwa eRussia, nakuba kuphela ikhasi legumbi le-poker le-888poker elitholakala endaweni yalo yesikhulumi lifakwe kwirejista ngesicelo se-Federal Tax Service. Ukuvinjwa kwayo yonke insiza kwakungenxa yokuthi i-Amazon S3 isebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-https ovikelekile, ongavumeli ukuvimba amakhasi ngamanye. Kuphela ngemva kokuba i-Amazon ngokwayo isuse ikhasi lapho iziphathimandla zaseRussia zinezikhalazo lapho insiza isusiwe kurejista.

Source: www.habr.com