Cha, ukwethula uhlelo lokusebenza (dapp) ku-blockchain ngeke kuholele ebhizinisini eliphumelelayo. Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi abaningi abacabangi ngisho nokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ku-blockchain - bavele bakhethe umkhiqizo oshibhile, osheshayo futhi olula.

Ngeshwa, noma ngabe i-blockchain inezici zayo ezihlukile nezinzuzo, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenza kuyo zibiza kakhulu, zihamba kancane, futhi aziqondakali kunezimbangi zazo ezimaphakathi.

Ezikhathini eziningi emaphepheni amhlophe ezicelo ezakhelwe ku-blockchain, ungathola isigaba esithi: “I-blockchain iyabiza futhi ayikwazi ukusekela inani elidingekayo lokuthengiselana ngomzuzwana. Ngenhlanhla, abantu abaningi abahlakaniphile basebenzela ukukala i-blockchain futhi ngesikhathi isicelo sethu sethula izobe isikhula kakhulu.”

Esigabeni esisodwa esilula, umthuthukisi we-dapp angayeka ingxoxo ejulile yezinkinga zokukala nezinye izixazululo zezinkinga. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kokungasebenzi kahle lapho izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezisebenza ku-blockchain zisebenza njengemuva kanye nomnyombo wohlelo lokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, kusekhona izindlela ezingahloliwe ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezivumela ukukala okungcono kakhulu ngokunciphisa ukuncika ku-blockchain. Isibonelo, i-Blockstack isebenza ku-architecture lapho iningi ledatha yohlelo lokusebenza nengqondo igcinwa ngaphandle kochungechunge.

Ake siqale sibheke indlela yendabuko eyengeziwe, esebenzisa i-blockchain njengomxhumanisi oqondile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza, futhi engalingani kahle.

Indlela #1: I-Blockchain njenge-Backend

Ukwenza izinto zicace kakhudlwana, ake sithathe imboni yamahhotela njengesibonelo. Lena imboni enkulu lapho abaxhumanisi abafana ne-Booking.com, bakhokhisa imali enkulu yokuxhuma izivakashi namahhotela.

Kunoma isiphi isimo lapho sifuna ukunqoba umlamuli onjalo sisebenzisa le ndlela, sizozama ukuphindaphinda umqondo webhizinisi sisebenzisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ku-blockchain njenge-Ethereum.

Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zomthombo ovulekile ezisebenza "kukhompyutha yomhlaba" zingaxhuma abathengisi kubathengi ngaphandle kwenkampani yangaphandle phakathi, ekugcineni zehlise izinkokhelo namakhomishini akhokhiswa umlamuli.

Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, amahhotela asebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olunesizinda ukuze athumele ku-blockchain ulwazi olumayelana namagumbi, ukutholakala kwawo nezintengo phakathi nesonto noma ngezimpelasonto, futhi mhlawumbe nencazelo yamagumbi nalo lonke olunye ulwazi olubalulekile.

Noma ubani ofuna ukubhukha igumbi usebenzisa lolu hlelo lokusebenza ukucinga amahhotela namagumbi asingathwe ku-blockchain. Uma umsebenzisi esekhethe igumbi, ukubhuka kwenziwa ngokuthumela inani elidingekayo lamathokheni ehhotela njengediphozithi. Futhi ekuphenduleni, inkontileka ehlakaniphile ibuyekeza ulwazi ku-blockchain ukuthi inombolo ayisatholakali.

Kunezinhlangothi ezimbili enkingeni yokulinganisa ngale ndlela. Okokuqala, inani eliphezulu lemisebenzi ngomzuzwana. Okwesibili, inani ledatha elingagcinwa ku-blockchain.

Masenze izibalo ezilukhuni. I-Booking.com ithi banamahhotela acishe abe izigidi ezi-2 abhaliswe nabo. Ake sithi isilinganiso sehhotela sinamagumbi angu-10 futhi ngalinye libhukhwa izikhathi ezingu-20 kuphela ngonyaka - lokho kusinika isilinganiso sokubhukha okungu-13 ngomzuzwana.

Ukubeka le nombolo ngombono, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Ethereum ingakwazi ukucubungula cishe ukuthengiselana kwe-15 ngomzuzwana.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza luzoqukatha ukuthengiselana okuvela emahhotela - ukulanda nokuvuselela njalo ulwazi mayelana namakamelo abo. Amahhotela abuyekeza amanani ekamelo njalo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nsuku zonke, futhi inani ngalinye noma ukuguqulwa kwencazelo kudinga ukuthengiselana ku-blockchain.

Kukhona nezinkinga zosayizi lapha - isisindo se-Ethereum blockchain muva nje sidlule uphawu lwe-2TB. Uma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinale ndlela zithandwa ngempela, inethiwekhi ye-Ethereum izoba engazinzile ngokwedlulele.

Uhlelo olunjalo olusekelwe ku-blockchain lungafaka ngaphandle abantu bangaphandle ngenxa yokungakhethi kanye nokuntuleka kwe-centralization, izinzuzo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe be-blockchain. Kodwa i-blockchain nayo inezinye izici - isakazwa futhi ayibhalwa kabusha, lezi yizici ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa kufanele uzikhokhele ngesivinini kanye nekhomishini yokuthengiselana.

Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela be-dapp kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi isici ngasinye esisebenzisa i-blockchain sidinga ngempela ukusatshalaliswa nokungabhaleki.

Isibonelo: iyini inzuzo yokusabalalisa idatha yehhotela ngalinye kumakhulukhulu emishini emhlabeni wonke nokuyigcina lapho unomphela? Ingabe kubaluleke ngempela ukuthi idatha yomlando ngamanani ekamelo nokutholakala ihlale ifakiwe ku-blockchain? Cishe cha.

Uma siqala ukubuza imibuzo efana nale, sizoqala ukubona ukuthi asizidingi zonke izici ezibizayo ze-blockchain kuyo yonke imisebenzi yethu. Ngakho, iyiphi enye indlela?

Indlela #2: I-Blockstack Inspired Architecture

Nakuba ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko I-Blockstack ezinhlelweni lapho abasebenzisi bengabanikazi bedatha yabo (isibonelo, njenge Umbhalo womoya, I-BentenSound, I-Optimizer yesithombe noma I-Graphite), i-blockstack nayo inefilosofi yokusebenzisa i-blockchain kalula-kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ukuphikisana kwabo okuyinhloko ukuthi i-blockchain ihamba kancane futhi iyabiza, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthengiselana okukodwa noma okungajwayelekile. Okunye ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele kwenzeke ngokusebenzisana kontanga, i.e. abasebenzisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimisiwe kumele babelane ngedatha ngqo bodwa, kunokusebenzisa i-blockchain. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidala neziphumelele kakhulu ezidluliselwe ezindaweni ezifana ne-BitTorrent, i-imeyili ne-Tor zadalwa ngaphambi komqondo we-blockchain ngokwawo.

Kwesokunxele: Indlela yokuqala, lapho abasebenzisi basebenzisana nge-blockchain. Kwesokudla: Abasebenzisi basebenzisana ngokuqondile, futhi i-blockchain isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza nokunye okunjalo.

Ake sibuyele esibonelweni sokubhukha ihhotela. Sifuna umthetho olandelwayo ongakhethi, ozimele futhi ovulekile wokuxhumanisa izivakashi namahhotela. Ngamanye amazwi, sifuna ukususa umuntu ophakathi nendawo. Asidingi, ngokwesibonelo, ukugcina amanani ekamelo njalo ebhukwini elivamile elisabalalisiwe.

Kungani singavumeli izivakashi namahhotela ukuthi baxhumane ngokuqondile kunokusebenzisa i-blockchain. Amahhotela angagcina amanani awo, ukutholakala kwegumbi kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi endaweni ethile lapho luzofinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu - isibonelo, i-IPFS, i-Amazon S3, noma iseva yabo yendawo. Yilokhu kanye okubizwe yisistimu ye-Blockstack ye-decentralized storage UGaia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe lapho abafuna idatha yabo igcinwe khona futhi balawule ukuthi ubani ongafinyelela kuyo ngokusebenzisa indlela ebizwa isitoreji sabasebenzisi abaningi.

Ukuze kusungulwe ukwethenjwa, yonke imininingwane yehhotela isayinwa ihhotela ngokwalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le datha igcinwa kuphi, ubuqotho bayo bungaqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa okhiye basesidlangalaleni abahlobene nobunikazi balelo hhotela abagcinwe ku-blockchain.

Endabeni ye-Blockstack, imininingwane yakho yobunikazi kuphela egcinwa ku-blockchain. Ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokuthola idatha yomsebenzisi ngamunye lugcinwa kumafayela wendawo futhi lusatshalaliswa ngenethiwekhi yontanga kuya kontanga kusetshenziswa amanodi. Futhi futhi, awudingi ukwethemba idatha enikezwa ama-node, ngoba ungaqinisekisa ubuqiniso bayo ngokuyiqhathanisa nama-hashes agcinwe ku-blockchain nabanye abasebenzisi.

Enguqulweni eyenziwe lula yesistimu, izihambeli zizosebenzisa inethiwekhi yontanga ye-Blockstack ukuze zifune amahhotela futhi zithole ulwazi mayelana namagumbi azo. Futhi ubuqiniso nobuqotho bayo yonke idatha oyitholayo ingaqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa okhiye basesidlangalaleni namahashi agcinwe ku- isifunda virtual I-Blockstack.

Lesi sakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi kunendlela yokuqala futhi sidinga ingqalasizinda ebanzi. Eqinisweni, yilapho kanye i-Blockstack ingena khona, ihlinzeka ngazo zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze udale uhlelo olunjalo lokusabalalisa.

Ngalesi sakhiwo, sigcina kuphela idatha ku-blockchain edinga ngempela ukusatshalaliswa futhi ingabhalwa ngaphezulu. Endabeni ye-Blockstack, udinga kuphela ukuthengiselana ku-blockchain ukuze ubhalise futhi ubonise lapho idatha yakho kufanele igcinwe khona. Ungase udinge ukwenza ukuthengiselana okwengeziwe uma ufuna ukushintsha noma iluphi lolu lwazi, kodwa lesi akusona isenzakalo esiphindelelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-logic yesicelo, ngokungafani nendlela yokuqala, isebenza ngasohlangothini lweklayenti hhayi ezinkontilekeni ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kuvumela umthuthukisi ukuthi ashintshe le logic ngaphandle kwezibuyekezo zenkontileka ehlakaniphile ebizayo noma kwesinye isikhathi engenakwenzeka. Futhi ngokugcina idatha yohlelo lokusebenza nokucabanga kungaphandle kochungechunge, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izindawo zingafinyelela amazinga okusebenza kanye nokwanda kwamasistimu amaphakathi endabuko.

isiphetho

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ku-Blockstack zingakhula kangcono kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezivamile ze-blockchain, kodwa kuyindlela encane enezinkinga zayo nemibuzo engaphenduleki.

Isibonelo, uma isicelo sokwehlukaniswa kwabantu singasebenzisi izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, khona-ke lokhu kunciphisa isidingo samathokheni wokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga emabhizinisini uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-ICO abe ngumthombo oyinhloko woxhasomali lwezicelo ezihlukaniselwe amazwe (okuhlanganisa neBlockstack ngokwayo)

Kukhona nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe lapha. Isibonelo, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokubhukha ihhotela kunkontileka ehlakaniphile, lapho ekusebenzeni kwe-athomu, ukubhuka kwamakamelo kwenziwa ngokushintshanisa amathokheni. Futhi akubonakali kahle ukuthi ukubhukha kuzosebenza kanjani kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Blockstack ngaphandle kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondise izimakethe zomhlaba ezinamandla ezigidi zabasebenzisi kumele zikhule kahle kakhulu ukuze ziphumelele. Kuyiphutha ukuthembela kuphela kuma-blockchains ukufeza leli zinga lokukala esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukuze ukwazi ukuncintisana nabadlali bemakethe abakhulu njenge-Booking.com, abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza abahlukaniswe ezindaweni ezithile kufanele bacabangele ezinye izindlela zokuklama izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza, njengaleyo enikezwa i-Blockstack.

Source: www.habr.com