Umkhosi we-IT uzoba seSt. Petersburg kuleli sonto . Esinye sezikhulumi kuzoba uRichard Stallman. futhi ubamba iqhaza emkhosini, futhi vele asikwazanga ukuziba isihloko sesoftware yamahhala. Kungakho omunye wemibiko yethu ubizwa . Izonikezelwa emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Embox njengephrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile. Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukukhuluma ngemibono eyinhloko, ngombono wami, ithonya ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi we-opensource. I-athikili, njengombiko, isekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu.
Ake siqale ngokuthile okulula, ngencazelo yegama elithi opensource. Ngokusobala, iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile iphrojekthi enamalayisense eyodwa evumela ukufinyelela kukhodi yomthombo wephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrojekthi evulekile isho ukuthi abathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle bangenza izinguquko. Okusho ukuthi, uma inkampani ethile noma umthuthukisi eshicilela ikhodi yomkhiqizo wayo, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, lokhu akuwenzi lo mkhiqizo iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile. Futhi ekugcineni, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wephrojekthi kufanele uholele kolunye uhlobo lomphumela, futhi ukuvuleka kwephrojekthi kusho ukuthi lo mphumela awusetshenziswanga abathuthukisi ngokwabo kuphela.
Ngeke sithinte izinkinga zamalayisensi avuliwe. Lesi sikhulu kakhulu futhi siyinkimbinkimbi isihloko esidinga uphenyo olunzulu. Ziningi kakhulu izindatshana ezinhle nezinto ezibhaliwe kulesi sihloko. Kodwa njengoba mina ngokwami ngingeyena uchwepheshe emkhakheni we-copyright, ngizosho kuphela ukuthi ilayisense kufanele ihlangabezane nemigomo yephrojekthi. Isibonelo, ku-Embox ukukhetha kwe-BSD kunelayisensi ye-GPL akuzange kwenzeke ngephutha.
Iqiniso lokuthi iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile kufanele inikeze amandla okwenza izinguquko futhi ibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile isho ukuthi iphrojekthi iyasatshalaliswa. Ukuyiphatha, ukugcina ubuqotho nokusebenza kunzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nephrojekthi enokuphatha okumaphakathi. Kuphakama umbuzo ophusile: kungani evula amaphrojekthi nhlobo? Impendulo ilele endaweni yokwenzeka kwezentengiselwano; esigabeni esithile samaphrojekthi, izinzuzo zale ndlela zidlula izindleko. Okusho ukuthi, ayiwafanele wonke amaphrojekthi futhi indlela evulekile iyamukeleka. Isibonelo, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokulawula isikhungo samandla noma indiza esekelwe kumgomo ovulekile. Cha, yiqiniso, izinhlelo ezinjalo kufanele zifake amamojula asekelwe kumaphrojekthi avulekile, ngoba lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngenani lezinzuzo. Kodwa othile kufanele abe nesibopho somkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngisho noma uhlelo lusekelwe ngokuphelele kukhodi yamaphrojekthi avuliwe, umthuthukisi, esehlanganise yonke into ohlelweni olulodwa futhi wenza izakhiwo ezithile nezilungiselelo, uyayivala ngempela. Ikhodi ingase itholakale esidlangalaleni.
Kukhona futhi izinzuzo eziningi zalezi zinhlelo kusukela ekudaleni noma ekunikeleni kumaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile. Njengoba bese ngishilo, ikhodi yesistimu yokugcina ingase ihlale itholakala esidlangalaleni. Kungani, ngoba kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuntu uzoba nendiza efanayo yokuhlola uhlelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa kungase kube khona othile ofuna ukuhlola izingxenye ezithile zekhodi, noma, isibonelo, othile angathola ukuthi umtapo wolwazi osetshenziswayo awulungiselelwe kahle.
Inzuzo enkulu nakakhulu ibonakala uma inkampani yabela ingxenye ethile eyisisekelo yesistimu kuphrojekthi ehlukile. Isibonelo, umtapo wolwazi wokusekela uhlobo oluthile lwephrothokholi yokushintshisana kwedatha. Kulokhu, noma ngabe iphrothokholi iqonde ngqo endaweni yesihloko esinikeziwe, ungabelana ngezindleko zokunakekela lesi siqeshana sesistimu nezinye izinkampani ezisuka kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abangakwazi ukufunda lesi siqephu sesistimu endaweni yomphakathi badinga isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokusisebenzisa ngempumelelo. Futhi ekugcineni, ukuhlukanisa ucezu lube yibhizinisi elizimele elisetshenziswa onjiniyela benkampani yangaphandle kusivumela ukuthi senze le ngxenye ibe ngcono, ngoba sidinga ukunikeza ama-API asebenzayo, senze imibhalo, futhi angikhulumi ngisho nokuthuthukisa ukumbozwa kokuhlola.
Inkampani ingathola izinzuzo zezentengiso ngaphandle kokudala amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile; kwanele ukuthi ochwepheshe bayo babambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi ezinkampani zangaphandle asetshenziswa enkampanini. Phela, zonke izinzuzo zisele: abasebenzi bayazi kangcono iphrojekthi, ngakho-ke bayisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo, inkampani ingaba nomthelela ekuqondisweni kwentuthuko yephrojekthi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi esenziwe ngomumo, elungisiwe ngokusobala kunciphisa izindleko zenkampani.
Izinzuzo zokudala amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile azigcini lapho. Ake sithathe ingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi njengokumaketha. Kuye, leli yibhokisi lesihlabathi elihle kakhulu elimvumela ukuthi ahlole ngokuphumelelayo izidingo zemakethe.
Futhi-ke, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi iphrojekthi ye-opensource iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuziveza njengomthwali wanoma yikuphi uchwepheshe. Kwezinye izimo, lena ukuphela kwendlela yokungena emakethe. Isibonelo, i-Embox yaqala njengephrojekthi yokwakha i-RTOS. Cishe asikho isidingo sokuchaza ukuthi kunezimbangi eziningi. Ngaphandle kokudala umphakathi, besingeke sibe nezinsiza ezanele zokuletha iphrojekthi kumsebenzisi wokugcina, okungukuthi, ukuze abathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle baqale ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi.
Umphakathi ubalulekile kuphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile. Ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu izindleko zokuphatha iphrojekthi, uthuthukise futhi usekele iphrojekthi. Singasho ukuthi ngaphandle komphakathi awukho nhlobo umsebenzi we-opensource.
Kubhalwe izinto eziningi mayelana nendlela yokudala nokuphatha umphakathi wephrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile. Ukuze ngingaphinde ngikhulume amaqiniso aziwayo kakade, ngizozama ukugxila kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Embox. Isibonelo, inqubo yokwakha umphakathi iwudaba oluthakazelisa kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, abaningi batshela indlela yokuphatha umphakathi okhona, kodwa izikhathi zokudalwa kwawo ngezinye izikhathi azinakwa, kubhekwa lokhu njengenikeziwe.
Umthetho oyinhloko lapho udala umphakathi wephrojekthi ye-opensource ukuthi ayikho imithetho. Ngisho ukuthi ayikho imithetho yendawo yonke, njengoba nje kungekho nhlamvu yesiliva, uma nje ngenxa yokuthi amaphrojekthi ahluke kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi usebenzise imithetho efanayo lapho udala umphakathi womtapo wezincwadi we-js kanye nomshayeli othile okhethekile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezigabeni ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi (ngakho-ke umphakathi), imithetho iyashintsha.
I-Embox iqale njengephrojekthi yabafundi ngoba ibikwazi ukufinyelela izitshudeni ezivela emnyangweni wezinhlelo zesistimu. Eqinisweni, sasingena komunye umphakathi. Singaba nentshisekelo kubahlanganyeli balo mphakathi, abafundi, ekusebenzeni okuhle kwezimboni emkhakheni wabo okhethekile, umsebenzi wesayensi emkhakheni wezinhlelo zesistimu, izifundo kanye namadiploma. Okusho ukuthi, silandele omunye wemithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlela umphakathi: amalungu omphakathi kufanele athole okuthile, futhi le ntengo kufanele ihambisane nomnikelo womhlanganyeli.
Isigaba esilandelayo se-Embox kwakuwusesho lwabasebenzisi bezinkampani zangaphandle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi abasebenzisi bangabahlanganyeli abagcwele emphakathini we-opensource. Ngokuvamile kunabasebenzisi abaningi kunonjiniyela. Futhi ukuze bafune ukuba negalelo kuphrojekthi, baqale bayisebenzise ngandlela thize.
Abasebenzisi bokuqala be-Embox bekunguMnyango we-Cybernetics yethiyori. Baphakamise ukudala enye i-firmware ye-Lego Mindstorm. Futhi nakuba laba kwakusengabasebenzisi bendawo (besingahlangana nabo mathupha sixoxe ngalokho ababekufuna). Kodwa kwakuseyinto enhle kakhulu. Isibonelo, senze amademo angaboniswa kwabanye, ngoba amarobhothi ayajabulisa futhi aheha ukunaka. Njengomphumela, sithole abasebenzisi bezinkampani zangaphandle abaqale ukubuza ukuthi iyini i-Embox nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.
Kulesi sigaba, bekufanele sicabange ngemibhalo, mayelana nezindlela zokuxhumana nabasebenzisi. Cha, yebo, sake sacabanga ngalezi zinto ezibalulekile ngaphambili, kodwa kwakungaphambi kwesikhathi futhi akuzange kunikeze umphumela omuhle. Umphumela waba mubi kunalokho. Ake ngikunike izibonelo ezimbalwa. Sisebenzise i-googlecode, i-wiki yayo isekela ubuliminingi. Sakha amakhasi ngezilimi eziningana, hhayi isiNgisi nesiRashiya kuphela, lapho sasingakwazi ukuxhumana khona, kodwa nesiJalimane neSpanishi. Ngenxa yalokho, kubukeka kuyinhlekisa kakhulu uma kubuzwa ngalezi zilimi, kodwa asikwazi nhlobo ukuphendula. Noma bethule imithetho emayelana nokubhala imibhalo nokubeka amazwana, kodwa njengoba i-API yashintsha kaningi futhi ngokuphawulekayo, kwavela ukuthi imibhalo yethu isiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi yayidukisa kakhulu kunalokho eyayisiza.
Ngenxa yalokho, yonke imizamo yethu, ngisho nengalungile, iholele ekubukeni kwabasebenzisi bangaphandle. Futhi kwavela ikhasimende lezentengiselwano elalifuna eyakhe i-RTOS yakhelwe yena. Futhi sikuthuthukise ngoba sinesipiliyoni kanye nesisekelo. Lapha udinga ukukhuluma ngazo zombili izikhathi ezinhle nezimbi. Ngizoqala ngababi. Njengoba abathuthukisi abaningi bebambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi ngokwezentengiselwano, umphakathi wawuvele ungazinzile futhi uhlukene phakathi, okuyinto engeke ibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi. Isici esengeziwe sasiwukuthi isiqondiso sephrojekthi sasibekwe ikhasimende elilodwa lezentengiselwano, futhi umgomo wakhe wawungekona ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwephrojekthi. Okungenani lokhu kwakungewona umgomo oyinhloko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakunezici eziningi ezinhle. Sinabasebenzisi bezinkampani zangaphandle ngempela. Kwakungelona ikhasimende kuphela, kodwa nalabo ababehloselwe bona lolu hlelo. Ugqozi lokubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi senyukile. Phela, uma ungakwazi futhi ukwenza imali ebhizinisini elithakazelisayo, lihlala lihle. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, sezwa isifiso esisodwa esivela kumakhasimende, ngaleso sikhathi okwakubonakala sengathi siyahlanya kithi, kodwa manje okuwumqondo oyinhloko we-Embox, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa ikhodi esevele yenziwe ohlelweni. Manje umqondo oyinhloko we-Embox ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Linux ngaphandle kwe-Linux. Okusho ukuthi, isici esihle esiyinhloko esinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwephrojekthi kwaba ukuqaphela ukuthi iphrojekthi isetshenziswa abasebenzisi bezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi kufanele ixazulule ezinye zezinkinga zabo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Embox yayisivele yeqe umsebenzi womfundi. Isici esiyinhloko esikhawulelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi ngokwemodeli yabafundi ugqozi lwabahlanganyeli. Abafundi babamba iqhaza ngenkathi befunda, futhi lapho bephothula, kufanele kube nesisusa esihlukile. Uma ugqozi lungabonakali, umfundi umane ayeke ukuhlanganyela kuphrojekthi. Uma sicabangela ukuthi abafundi badinga ukuqeqeshwa kuqala, kuvela ukuthi babe ochwepheshe abahle ngesikhathi bephothula, kodwa umnikelo wabo kulo msebenzi, ngenxa yokungabi nolwazi, awukhulu kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, sidlulela ngokushelelayo ephuzwini eliyinhloko elisivumela ukuthi sikhulume ngokudala iphrojekthi ye-opensource - ukudala umkhiqizo ongaxazulula izinkinga zabasebenzisi bawo. Njengoba ngichazile ngenhla, indawo eyinhloko yephrojekthi ye-opensource umphakathi wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omphakathi ngokuyinhloko angabasebenzisi. Kodwa zivelaphi lapho kungekho okuzosetshenziswa? Ngakho-ke kuvele ukuthi, njengephrojekthi engeyona yomthombo ovulekile, udinga ukugxila ekudaleni i-MVP (umkhiqizo omncane osebenzayo), futhi uma uthanda abasebenzisi, kuzovela umphakathi ozungeze iphrojekthi. Uma ubambe iqhaza ekudaleni umphakathi kuphela nge-PR yomphakathi, ubhala i-wiki ngazo zonke izilimi zomhlaba, noma ulungisa ukugeleza komsebenzi we-git ku-github, ngakho-ke lokhu akwenzeki kube nendaba ezigabeni zokuqala zephrojekthi. Yiqiniso, ezigabeni ezifanele lezi azibalulekile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinto ezidingekayo.
Sengiphetha ngithanda ukuveza , ngokubona kwami, kukhombisa okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi kuphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile:
Ngicabanga ngokujulile ngokushintshela kule OS (okungenani zama. Bayiphishekela ngenkuthalo futhi benza izinto ezinhle).
I-PS ivuliwe Sizoba nemibiko efinyelela kwemithathu. Okukodwa mayelana nomthombo ovulekile kanye nokubili mayelana nokushumekiwe (futhi eyodwa iyasebenza). Esitobhini sizoqhuba i-master class ekuhleleni ama-microcontroller sisebenzisa . Njengokuvamile, sizoletha ihadiwe futhi sikuvumele ukuthi uyihlele. Kuzoba khona nokufuna kanye neminye imisebenzi. Wozani emkhosini nokuma kwethu, kuzoba mnandi.
Source: www.habr.com