Lesi sihloko siqukethe amaphethini avamile ukusiza onjiniyela basebenze namasevisi amakhulu afinyelelwa izigidi zabasebenzisi.
Ekuhlangenwe nakho kombhali, lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele, kodwa ngempela ngempumelelo iseluleko. Ngakho, ake siqale.
Kuhunyushwe ngokusekelwa .
Izinga lokuqala
Izinyathelo ezibalwe ngezansi zilula ukuzisebenzisa kodwa zinomthelela omkhulu. Uma ungakaze uzizame ngaphambilini, uzomangala ngentuthuko enkulu.
Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi
Ingxenye yokuqala yeseluleko ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda njengekhodi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ube nendlela ehlelekile yokusabalalisa yonke ingqalasizinda. Kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha empeleni sikhuluma ngekhodi elandelayo:
Ukuthunyelwa kwemishini ebonakalayo eyi-100
- no Ubuntu
- 2 GB RAM ngayinye
- bazoba nekhodi elandelayo
- ngalezi mingcele
Ungakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko kwingqalasizinda yakho bese ubuyela kuzo ngokushesha usebenzisa isilawuli senguqulo.
Isazi sesimanje kimi sithi ungasebenzisa i-Kubernetes/Docker ukwenza konke lokhu okungenhla, futhi uqinisile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungahlinzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo usebenzisa i-Chef, i-Puppet noma i-Terraform.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo Nokulethwa
Ukuze udale isevisi engakala, kubalulekile ukuba nepayipi lokwakha nokuhlola kusicelo ngasinye sokudonsa. Noma ngabe ukuhlolwa kulula kakhulu, kuzoqinisekisa okungenani ukuthi ikhodi oyifakile iyahlanganiswa.
Isikhathi ngasinye kulesi sigaba uphendula umbuzo: ingabe inhlangano yami izohlanganisa futhi iphumelele izivivinyo, ingabe iyasebenza? Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengebha ephansi, kodwa kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi.
Ayikho into enhle njengokubona le mikhaza
Ngalobu buchwepheshe ungahlola i-Github, i-CircleCI noma i-Jenkins.
Layisha Izilinganisi
Ngakho-ke, sifuna ukusebenzisa isilinganisi somthwalo ukuze siqondise kabusha ithrafikhi futhi siqinisekise umthwalo olinganayo kuwo wonke ama-node noma isevisi iyaqhubeka uma yehluleka:
Isilinganisi somthwalo ngokuvamile senza umsebenzi omuhle wokusabalalisa ithrafikhi. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uwukuba ulinganisele ngokweqile ukuze ungabi nephuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka.
Ngokuvamile, izikali zokulayisha zilungiswa efwini olisebenzisayo.
I-RayID, i-ID yokuhlobanisa noma i-UUID yezicelo
Wake wahlangabezana nephutha lohlelo lokusebenza ngomlayezo ofana nalo: "Kukhona into engahambanga kahle. Londoloza le-id bese uyithumela ethimbeni lethu labasekeli"?
Inkomba ehlukile, i-ID yokuhlobanisa, i-RayID, nanoma yikuphi okuhlukile, yisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esikuvumela ukuthi ulandelele isicelo kuwo wonke umjikelezo waso wokuphila. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulandele yonke indlela yesicelo kulogi.
Umsebenzisi wenza isicelo kusistimu A, bese kuba A abathintwayo B, abathintana no-C, bayigcine ngo-X, bese isicelo sibuyiselwa ku-A.
Uma ubungaxhumeka ukude emishinini ebonakalayo bese uzama ukulandelela indlela yokucela (futhi uhlobanise ngokwenza ukuthi yiziphi izingcingo ezenziwayo), uzohlanya. Ukuba nesihlonzi esihlukile kwenza impilo ibe lula kakhulu. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezilula ongazenza ukuze wonge isikhathi njengoba isevisi yakho ikhula.
Izinga eliphakathi
Iseluleko lapha siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, kodwa amathuluzi afanele enza umsebenzi ube lula, anikeze inzuzo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngisho nasezinkampanini ezincane neziphakathi.
Ukugawula okumaphakathi
Siyakuhalalisela! Ukhiphe imishini ebonakalayo eyi-100. Ngakusasa, i-CEO ifika futhi ikhononda ngephutha elitholile ngenkathi ihlola isevisi. Ibika umazisi ohambisanayo esikhulume ngawo ngenhla, kodwa kuzodingeka ubheke izingodo zemishini eyi-100 ukuze uthole lowo odale ingozi. Futhi idinga ukutholwa ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwakusasa.
Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala njengohambo olujabulisayo, kuhle kakhulu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unamandla okusesha wonke amamagazini endaweni eyodwa. Ngixazulule inkinga yokubeka izingodo endaweni eyodwa ngisebenzisa ukusebenza okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwesitaki se-ELK: isekela ukuqoqwa kwelogi okuseshekayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ngempela ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthola iphephabhuku elithile. Njengebhonasi, ungakha amashadi nezinye izinto ezijabulisayo njengalezo.
Ukusebenza kwesitaki se-ELK
Ama-Monitoring agents
Manje njengoba isevisi yakho isiqalile futhi isebenza, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isebenza kahle. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukugijima eziningana amanxusa, ezisebenza ngokuhambisana futhi zihlole ukuthi ziyasebenza futhi kwenziwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo.
Kuleli qophelo uyahlola lokho ukwakheka okusebenzayo kuzwakala kukuhle futhi kusebenza kahle.
Kumaphrojekthi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo, ngincoma u-Postman ukuthi aqaphe futhi abhale phansi ama-API. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ufuna nje ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unendlela yokwazi lapho kunqamuka khona futhi waziswe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukukala okuzenzakalelayo kuye ngomthwalo
Kulula kakhulu. Uma unezicelo zesevisi ye-VM futhi isondela ekusetshenzisweni kwememori engu-80%, ungakwazi ukukhulisa izinsiza zayo noma wengeze ama-VM eqoqweni. Ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo le misebenzi kuhle kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamandla anwebekayo ngaphansi komthwalo. Kodwa kufanele uhlale uqaphela ukuthi ingakanani imali oyisebenzisayo futhi ubeke imingcele enengqondo.
Ngezinsiza eziningi zamafu, ungayilungiselela ukuthi isikali ngokuzenzakalela usebenzisa amaseva amaningi noma amaseva anamandla kakhulu.
Isistimu yokuhlola
Indlela enhle yokukhipha izibuyekezo ngokuphephile iwukukwazi ukuhlola okuthile ku-1% wabasebenzisi ihora. Yebo, uzibonile lezi zindlela zisebenza. Isibonelo, i-Facebook ikhombisa izingxenye zezethameli umbala ohlukile noma ishintsha usayizi wefonti ukuze ibone ukuthi abasebenzisi bazibona kanjani izinguquko. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-A/B.
Ngisho nokukhipha isici esisha kungaqalwa njengokuhlolwa bese kunqunywa ukuthi kusikhulula kanjani. Uphinde uthole ikhono "lokukhumbula" noma ukushintsha ukumisa endizeni ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi obangela ukuwohloka kwesevisi yakho.
Ileveli ethuthukile
Nawa amathiphu okunzima ukuwasebenzisa. Cishe uzodinga izinsiza ezengeziwe, ngakho inkampani encane noma ephakathi izoba nesikhathi esinzima ukuphatha lokhu.
Ukuthunyelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Yilokhu engikubiza ngokuthi "i-Erlang" indlela yokwembuleka. I-Erlang yaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kuvela izinkampani zezingcingo. Ama-Softswitch aqala ukusetshenziswa ukuhambisa izingcingo. Inhloso eyinhloko yesofthiwe kulezi zinguquko bekuwukungaphonsi ucingo phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu. U-Erlang unendlela enhle yokulayisha imojuli entsha ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka kwangaphambilini.
Lesi sinyathelo sincike ekubeni khona kwesilinganisi somthwalo. Ake sicabange ukuthi unenguqulo N yesofthiwe yakho, bese ufuna ukusebenzisa inguqulo N+1.
ΠΡ singase vele umise isevisi bese ukhulula inguqulo elandelayo ngesikhathi esisebenzela abasebenzisi bakho futhi uthole isikhathi sokuphumula. Kodwa ake sithi ukwenzile ngempela izimo eziqinile ze-SLA. Ngakho, i-SLA 99,99% isho ukuthi ungaphuma ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kuphela ngemizuzu engama-52 ngonyaka.
Uma ufuna ngempela ukufeza izinkomba ezinjalo, udinga ukuthunyelwa okubili ngasikhathi sinye:
- lena ekhona manje (N);
- inguqulo elandelayo (N+1).
Utshela isilinganisi somthwalo ukuthi siqondise kabusha iphesenti lethrafikhi enguqulweni entsha (N+1) kuyilapho uqapha ngokuqhubekayo ukwehla.
Lapha sinokusetshenziswa kwe-N eluhlaza okusebenza kahle. Sizama ukuya enguqulweni elandelayo yalokhu kusetshenziswa
Okokuqala sithumela isivivinyo esincane ngempela ukuze sibone ukuthi ingabe ukuthunyelwa kwethu kwe-N+1 kusebenza ngenani elincane lethrafikhi:
Okokugcina, sinesethi yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo esigcina siyisebenzise kuze kuqedwe ukuthunyelwa kwethu. Uma u kakhulu kakhulu ngokucophelela, ungaphinda ulondoloze ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-N unaphakade ukuze ubuyisele emuva ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlehla okubi:
Uma ufuna ukuya kuleveli ethuthuke kakhulu, vumela yonke into ekusetshenzisweni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza ukuthi isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukutholwa okungaqondakali kanye nokunciphisa okuzenzakalelayo
Uma unikezwe ukuthi unokugawula okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokuqoqwa kwamalogi okuhle, usungakwazi ukuzibekela imigomo ephakeme. Isibonelo, bikezela ukwehluleka. Imisebenzi ilandelelwa kubaqaphi nakumalogi futhi kwakhiwa imidwebo ehlukahlukene - futhi ungabikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi yini ezokonakala:
Uma okudidayo kutholiwe, uqala ukuhlola ezinye zezinkomba ezihlinzekwa yisevisi. Isibonelo, i-spike ekulayisheni kwe-CPU ingase ibonise ukuthi i-hard drive iyehluleka, kuyilapho i-spike ezicelweni ingase ibonise ukuthi udinga ukukhuphula. Lolu hlobo lwedatha yezibalo lukuvumela ukuthi wenze isevisi isebenze.
Ngale mininingwane, ungakwazi ukukala kunoma ibuphi ubukhulu futhi ushintshe ngokuqhubekayo nangokusebenzayo izici zemishini, isizindalwazi, ukuxhumana nezinye izisetshenziswa.
Yilokho kuphela!
Lolu hlu lwezinto eziza kuqala luzokongela izinkinga eziningi uma ukhulisa isevisi yamafu.
Umbhali wendatshana yokuqala umema abafundi ukuthi bashiye imibono yabo futhi benze izinguquko. I-athikili isatshalaliswa njengomthombo ovulekile, izicelo zokudonsa ngombhali .
Yini enye ongayifunda esihlokweni:
Source: www.habr.com