Izithameli eziqondiwe
Ingabe ungunjiniyela ofuna ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube yimodeli ye-DevOps ethuthuke kakhulu? Ingabe ungunjiniyela we-Ops wakudala futhi ungathanda ukuthola umbono wokuthi iDevOps isho ukuthini? Noma aninabo futhi, ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi esithile nisebenza ku-IT, nifuna ukushintsha imisebenzi futhi awazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi?
Uma kunjalo, qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi ungaba kanjani unjiniyela we-DevOps omaphakathi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha! Okokugcina, uma ubambe iqhaza ku-DevOps iminyaka eminingi, usazothola okuningi kulolu chungechunge lwendatshana ukuze ufunde ukuthi imboni yokuhlanganisa kanye ne-automation ikuphi njengamanje nokuthi iphokophelephi.
Kuyini lokhu noma kunjalo?
Okokuqala, yini i-DevOps? Ungakwazi ukucacisa izincazelo ze-Google futhi udlule kuwo wonke amazwi, kodwa yazi ukuthi izincazelo eziningi ziyingxubevange yamagama ahlanganiswe ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngizokunikeza isifinyezo sazo zonke lezi zincazelo: I-DevOps iyindlela yokuletha isofthiwe lapho ubuhlungu bekhanda nomthwalo wemfanelo kwabelwana phakathi kwabo bonke abathintekayo. Yilokho kuphela.
Kulungile, kodwa sisho ukuthini lesi sifinyezo? Kusho ukuthi ngokwesiko, Onjiniyela (abantu abakha isofthiwe) baye bakhuthazwa ukuba benze umsebenzi wabo ngezisusa ezihluke kakhulu kulezo Zokusebenza (abantu abaphethe isofthiwe). Isibonelo, njengonjiniyela, ngifuna ukudala izici eziningi ezintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Phela, lona umsebenzi wami futhi yilokhu okufunwa ngamakhasimende! Kodwa-ke, uma ngingumuntu we-Ops, ngidinga izici ezintsha ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba zonke izici ezintsha ziwushintsho, futhi noma yiluphi ushintsho lugcwele izinkinga. Njengomphumela walokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kwezikhuthazo, i-DevOps yazalwa.
I-DevOps izama ukuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza (ukuhlanganisa kanye ne-automation) ibe yiqembu elilodwa. Umqondo wukuthi iqembu elilodwa manje selizokwabelana ngakho kokubili ubuhlungu kanye nesibopho (kanye nemivuzo engase ibe khona) yokwakha, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokukhiqiza imali ngesofthiwe ebhekene namakhasimende.
Abahlanjululi bazokutshela ukuthi ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “unjiniyela we-DevOps.” Bazokutshela ukuthi “i-DevOps isiko, hhayi indima.” Yebo, ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe baqinisile, kodwa, njengoba kunjalo. imvamisa, leli gama seliphumile esandleni Ngale kwencazelo yalo yasekuqaleni, unjiniyela we-DevOps ufana “nonjiniyela wezinhlelo 2.0.” Ngamanye amazwi, ungumuntu oqondayo umjikelezo wempilo wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware futhi enze amathuluzi nezinqubo zokuthuthukisa isoftware. ukuxazulula izinkinga zokusebenza zakudala.
I-DevOps ekugcineni isho ukudala amapayipi edijithali athatha ikhodi kukhompuyutha ephathekayo yonjiniyela futhi ayiguqule ibe yimali engenayo evela ekusetshenzisweni komkhiqizo wokugcina, yilokho okushiwo. Qaphela ukuthi ukukhetha umsebenzi we-DevOps kunxeshezelwa kakhulu ngemiklomelo yezezimali, cishe yonke inkampani "yenza i-DevOps" noma ethi yiyo. Akunandaba ukuthi lezi zinkampani zikuphi, amathuba emisebenzi ewonke njengama-DevOps maningi kakhulu futhi anikeza "umsebenzi ojabulisayo" nonenjongo iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Nokho, qaphela izinkampani eziqasha “ithimba le-DevOps” noma “umnyango we-DevOps.” Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, izinto ezinjalo akufanele zibe khona, ngoba ekugcineni i-DevOps isewumkhuba nendlela yokuletha isofthiwe, hhayi ukusebenzisa iqembu elisha noma ukwakha umnyango igama elimnandi.
Ukuziphendulela
Manje ake sibeke eceleni ingilazi ye-Kool-Aid bese sicabanga ngokulandelayo. Uke wasizwa isisho sakudala esithi "abekho onjiniyela abancane be-DevOps?" Uma kungenjalo, yazi-ke ukuthi lena i-trope edumile ku-Reddit naku-StackOverflow. Kodwa lisho ukuthini?
Kalula nje, lesi sisho sisho ukuthi kuthatha iminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni kuhlanganiswe nokuqonda okuqinile kwamathuluzi ukuze ekugcineni ube ngumsebenzi osebenza kahle we-Senior DevOps. Futhi, ngeshwa, asikho isinqamuleli sokufinyelela umgomo. Ngakho-ke lona akuwona umzamo wokudlala uhlelo - angicabangi ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela ukuzenza unjiniyela omkhulu we-DevOps onezinyanga ezimbalwa zesipiliyoni embonini. Ukuzuza ukuqonda okuqinile kwamathuluzi ashintsha ngokushesha nezindlela kudinga iminyaka yesipiliyoni, futhi akukho ukuzungeza. Nokho, kukhona imenyu ecishe ifane (yemfashini, uma uthanda) yamathuluzi nemiqondo esetshenziswa izinkampani eziningi, futhi yilokho esizobe sikhuluma ngakho.
Futhi, amathuluzi ahlukile kumakhono, ngakho-ke ngenkathi ufunda amathuluzi, qiniseka ukuthi awudebeseleli amakhono akho (ukuhlola, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana okubhaliwe, ukuxazulula inkinga, njll.). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungalahlekelwa umbono walokho esifuna ukukuthola - indlela yokudala ipayipi ledijithali elisebenza ngokugcwele elithatha imibono futhi liyiguqule ibe izingcezu zekhodi ezingenisa imali. Lesi isiphetho esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esivela kuyo yonke le ndatshana!
Ukuxoxa kwanele, ngingaqala nini?
Ngezansi umgwaqo we-DevOps Fundamental Knowledge. Ngemva kokufunda kahle yonke into evezwe lapho, ungazibiza ngokuphepha nangokwethembeka unjiniyela we-DevOps! Noma unjiniyela wamafu uma ungalithandi igama elithi "DevOps".
Le mephu imele umbono wami (futhi cishe abantu abaningi abasebenza kulesi sikhala) walokho unjiniyela we-DevOps okufanele akwazi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuwumbono kuphela, futhi ngokuqinisekile kuyoba khona labo abangavumelani nawo. Lokhu kuhle! Asilweli ukupheleliswa lapha, silwela isisekelo esiqinile esingakhela phezu kwaso.
Kufanele uhambe kule ndlela kancane kancane, ungqimba ngongqimba. Ake siqale (futhi siqhubeke!) ngezinto eziyisisekelo ngokuqala sifunde mayelana nezakhi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka—Linux, Python, ne-AWS. Bese, uma isikhathi noma isidingo semakethe yomsebenzi sivuma, yenza izinto ezinsomi - i-Golang ne-Google Cloud.
Ngokweqiniso, ungqimba oluphezulu oluyisisekelo luyinto okuzodingeka uyifunde unomphela. I-OS Linux iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuthatha iminyaka ukuyiqonda. I-Python idinga ukuzijwayeza njalo ukuze ihlale yamanje. I-AWS ithuthuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi okwaziyo namuhla kuzoba yingxenye yephothifoliyo yakho yolwazi lulonke kuphela unyaka kusukela manje. Uma usufunde okuyisisekelo, dlulela kusethi yamakhono yangempela. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kukhona ingqikithi yamakholomu angu-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Ukucushwa, Inguqulo, Ukupakisha, Ukuthunyelwa, Ukwethulwa, Ukuqapha), eyodwa ngenyanga yokufunda.
Wena-ke, uqaphele ukungabikho kwesiteji esibalulekile epayipini lethu lezinyanga eziyisithupha - ukuhlolwa. Angizange ngifake ngamabomu kumephu yomgwaqo ngoba ukubhala imodyuli, ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa akulula futhi ngokwesiko kuwela emahlombe abathuthukisi. Futhi ukweqa isigaba "sokuhlola" kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi umgomo walo mephu womgwaqo uwukuba kahle amakhono ayisisekelo namathuluzi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukungabi nesipiliyoni sokuhlola, ngokusho kombhali, kuyisithiyo esincane ekusetshenzisweni okufanele kwe-DevOps.
Futhi, khumbula ukuthi asifundi inqwaba yokubhula kwezobuchwepheshe okungahlobene lapha, kodwa kunalokho ukuqonda kwamathuluzi ahlanganayo ukuze kwakheke indaba ecacile. Le ndaba imayelana nenqubo yokuphela ukuya ekupheleni—umugqa wokuhlanganisa wedijithali onyakazisa izingcezu njengomugqa wokuhlanganisa. Awufuni ukufunda inqwaba yamathuluzi bese uqhubeka nokuma! Amathuluzi we-DevOps ashintsha ngokushesha, kodwa imiqondo ishintsha kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulwele ukusebenzisa amathuluzi njengama-proxies okufundisa emiqondo yezinga eliphezulu.
Kulungile, ake sijule kancane!
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo
Ngezansi kwesinyathelo esiphezulu esithi Isisekelo, ungabona amakhono okufanele wonke unjiniyela we-DevOps awazi kahle. Lawa makhono awukwethemba ekuphatheni izinsika ezintathu zemboni, okuyilezi: uhlelo lokusebenza, ulimi lwezinhlelo kanye nefu lomphakathi. Lezi zinto akuyona into ongayifunda ngokushesha futhi uqhubeke. Lawa makhono adinga ukuthuthukiswa njalo futhi abe yingcweti ukuze ube phambili embonini futhi ahambisane nendawo yobungcweti ekuzungezile. Ake sidlule kuzo ngamunye ngamunye.
I-Linux yilapho yonke into isebenza khona. Ungaba ngumsebenzi omangalisayo we-DevOps ngenkathi uhlala ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem ye-Microsoft? Impela ungakwazi! Awukho umthetho othi usebenzise i-Linux kuphela. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izinto ze-Linux zingenziwa ku-Windows, kwenzeka lapho kabuhlungu kakhulu futhi ngokusebenza okuncane. Kuleli qophelo, kuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kokwazi i-Linux, akunakwenzeka ukuba uchwepheshe wangempela we-DevOps, ngakho-ke i-Linux yinto okufanele uyifunde futhi uyifunde.
Ngokweqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukufaka i-Linux (Fedora noma Ubuntu) ekhaya futhi uyisebenzise ngangokunokwenzeka. Yiqiniso, uzophula izinto eziningi, uzobambelela ezinqubweni zomsebenzi, kuzodingeka ulungise konke, kodwa uzofunda i-Linux!
Ngendlela, ukuhlukahluka kwe-RedHat kuvame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuqala nge-Fedora noma i-CentOS. Uma uzibuza ukuthi kufanele uthenge i-KDE noma i-Gnome edition, khetha i-KDE. Yilokhu uLinus Torvalds akusebenzisayo.
I-Python iwulimi lwasemuva oluvelele kulezi zinsuku. Kulula ukuqalisa futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. I-Python ivame kakhulu emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda ngomshini, ngakho-ke uma uke wafuna ukuthuthela kwenye indawo eshisayo, uzobe ulungele ngokuphelele.
I-Amazon Web Services: Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukuba uchwepheshe we-DevOps onolwazi ngaphandle kokuqonda okuqinile kokuthi ifu lomphakathi lisebenza kanjani. Futhi uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngakho, bheka ku-Amazon Web Services. Ingumdlali ohamba phambili kulo mkhakha wezinsizakalo futhi inikeza isethi ecebile yamathuluzi okusebenza.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uqale nge-Google Cloud noma i-Azure esikhundleni? Yebo ungakwazi! Kodwa ukukhumbula inkinga yokugcina yezezimali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-AWS iyindlela ephephile kunazo zonke, okungenani ngo-2018, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ubhalise i-akhawunti mahhala futhi uqale ukuhlola amathuba ezinsizakalo zamafu. Ukwengeza, ikhonsoli ye-AWS inikeza umsebenzisi imenyu elula necacile angakhetha kuyo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi awudingi ukwazi bonke ubuchwepheshe be-Amazon ukwenza lokhu.
Qala ngokulandelayo: VPC, EC2, IAM, S3, CloudWatch, ELB (Elastic Load Balancing ngaphansi kwesambulela se-EC2) kanye Neqembu Lezokuphepha. Lezi zinto zanele ukuze uqalise, futhi yonke inkampani yesimanje, esekwe emafini isebenzisa la mathuluzi ngokuzimisela. Indawo yokuqeqesha ye-AWS iyindawo enhle yokuqala.
Ngincoma ukuthi usebenzise imizuzu engama-20-30 nsuku zonke ufunda futhi uzilolonge ngolimi lwePython, isistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, kanye nesevisi yefu ye-AWS ngaphezu kwezinye izinto okudingeka uzifunde. Sekukonke, ngikholelwa ukuthi ukuchitha ihora ngosuku, izikhathi ezinhlanu ngesonto kwanele ukuqonda imboni ye-DevOps ezinyangeni ezingu-6 noma ngaphansi. Kukhona ingqikithi yezingxenye eziyinhloko ezingu-6, ngayinye ehambisana nenyanga yokuqeqeshwa. Yilokho kuphela okudingayo ukuze uthole ulwazi oluyisisekelo.
Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, sizobheka izinga elilandelayo lobunkimbinkimbi: indlela yokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucushwa, ukuguqulwa, ukupakisha, ukuthunyelwa, ukusebenza nokuqapha isofthiwe.
Izoqhubeka maduze...
Ezinye izikhangiso 🙂
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, , i-analogue ehlukile yamaseva ezinga lokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
I-Dell R730xd 2x ishibhile esikhungweni sedatha se-Equinix Tier IV e-Amsterdam? Lapha kuphela eNetherlands! I-Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - isuka ku-$99! Funda mayelana
Source: www.habr.com