Ungaba kanjani unjiniyela wesikhulumi noma ungathuthukela kuphi ekuqondeni kwe-DevOps?

Sikhulume ngokuthi ubani futhi kungani esikhathini esizayo esiseduze uzodinga amakhono okudala inkundla yengqalasizinda esebenzisa uKubernetes, nothisha. Yuri Ignatov, unjiniyela oholayo Veza 42.

Sivelaphi isidingo sonjiniyela bezinkundla?

Muva nje, izinkampani eziningi ziyasibona isidingo sokudala inkundla yengqalasizinda yangaphakathi engaba indawo eyodwa yokuthuthukiswa, ukulungiswa kokukhishwa, ukukhululwa nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yedijithali yenkampani. Inkundla enjalo iqukethe amasistimu namasevisi okuphatha izinsiza zekhompuyutha nenethiwekhi, isistimu yokuhlanganisa eqhubekayo, inqolobane yezinto zokwenziwa zokulethwa, izinhlelo zokuqapha nezinye izinsizakalo ezisetshenziswa amaqembu akho okuthuthukisa. Umnyakazo wokwakha amapulatifomu angaphakathi kanye nokwakha amaqembu ezinkundla waqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu kungatholakala emibikweni Isimo se-DevOps esivela ku-DORA, izincwadi ezivela ku-Gartner nezincwadi, njengaye I-Topology Yeqembu.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zendlela yesikhulumi yokuphatha ingqalasizinda yenkampani zimi kanje:

• Amaqembu emikhiqizo awaphazanyiswa ekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo yawo ukuze axazulule izinkinga zengqalasizinda.
• Ithimba lesikhulumi, elibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwenkundla yengqalasizinda, licabangela izidingo zamaqembu omkhiqizo enkampanini futhi lidala izixazululo eziqondene ngqo nezidingo zangaphakathi.
• Inkampani iqongelela ulwazi lwangaphakathi olungasetshenziswa kabusha kalula, isibonelo, lapho yethula ithimba lomkhiqizo omusha noma lapho yenza amazinga noma izinqubo ezijwayelekile enkampanini.

Uma inkampani ikwazi ukuza endleleni enjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inkundla yengqalasizinda yangaphakathi ingase ibe lula kakhulu kumaqembu okuthuthukiswa kunezinsizakalo zabahlinzeki bamafu, ngoba yadalwa kucatshangelwa izici nezidingo zamaqembu, iqongelela ulwazi lwabo futhi imininingwane. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza kwamaqembu omkhiqizo, okusho ukuthi kuhle ebhizinisini.

Kungani Kubernetes?

Amathuluzi ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudala inkundla yengqalasizinda. Ngaphambilini bekuyi-Mesos, manje ngaphezu kwe-Kubernetes ungasebenzisa i-Nomad futhi, vele, akekho okukhawulela ekudaleni “amabhayisikili” akho. Futhi nokho, iningi lezinkampani lincamela ukwakha inkundla ku-Kubernetes. Yilokhu aziswa ngakho kakhulu:

• Ukusekela izinqubo zobunjiniyela besimanje njengokuthi “ingqalasizinda njengekhodi”.
• Amathuluzi amaningi amaqembu adinga ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Isibonelo, ukuphatha izinsiza zekhompuyutha, izindlela zokuthunyelwa kwezicelo eziphethwe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukubekezelelwa kwazo kwamaphutha.
• I-ecosystem enkulu enamathuluzi okuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, esekelwa abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu.
• Umphakathi othuthukile: inqwaba yezingqungquthela emhlabeni jikelele, uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele lwababambe iqhaza, izitifiketi nongoti abaqinisekisiwe, izinhlelo zemfundo kuleli thuluzi.

I-Kubernetes ingabizwa ngezinga elisha lemboni, kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho iqale ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngeshwa, konke lokhu akuzi mahhala: ngokufika kwe-Kubernetes kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufaka izitsha, izinqubo namathuluzi iqembu eliwasebenzisayo emsebenzini walo wansuku zonke kunezinguquko eziningi:

• Indlela yokuphatha izinsiza zamakhompiyutha iyashintsha.
• Indlela uhlelo lokusebenza olusetshenziswa ngayo kanye nezinguquko ezimisiwe.
• Indlela ehlukile yokuhlela izinsizakalo zokuqapha nokugawula iyadingeka.
• Kunesidingo sokudala ukuhlanganiswa okusha phakathi kwezinsizakalo eziyingxenye yesikhulumi futhi kulungiswe imibhalo ekhona ezenzakalelayo.

Ngisho nemvelo yendawo yonjiniyela kanye nenqubo yokususa iphutha yohlelo lokusebenza nakho kungaphansi kwezinguquko.

Izinkampani zingakwazi ukushintshela endaweni yengqalasizinda kanye nokugcinwa kwayo zizodwa, zithuthukise amakhono abasebenzi noma ziqashe ochwepheshe abadingekayo. Amacala lapho kufaneleka ukunikeza lezi zinqubo nawo avamile, isibonelo, uma inkampani ingenalo ithuba lokudlulisa ukugxila kwethimba kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo kuya ekudaleni ingqalasizinda entsha, alikho ithuba lokuqhuba i-R&D enkulu yangaphakathi, noma kukhona izingozi ezingamukeleki ezihlobene nokudala ingqalasizinda entsha ngokuzimela kanye nokudlulisa amaqembu omkhiqizo kuyo - lapha kungcono ukufuna usizo ezinkampanini esezivele zehla le ndlela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Amakhono amasha okusebenza nenkundla yengqalasizinda azodingeka hhayi kuphela abaphathi (okukhethekile manje esiguqulelwa ekubeni unjiniyela wengqalasizinda), kodwa nakonjiniyela. Unjiniyela kumele aqonde ukuthi isicelo sakhe sethulwa kanjani futhi sisebenza kanjani empini, kufanele akwazi ukusebenzisa i-ecosystem kuze kube seqophelweni eliphezulu, akwazi ukususa iphutha kuhlelo lokusebenza noma aguqule izinqubo zokusatshalaliswa nokumisa. Futhi, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi imikhondo yezobuchwepheshe: udinga ukwenza inani elikhulu le-R&D, ukhethe amathuluzi afanelekile, ufunde ukulinganiselwa kwawo, uthole izindlela zokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamathuluzi ayingxenye yesikhulumi futhi uhlinzeke ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zesikhulumi ngamaqembu omkhiqizo.

Ngenkathi kuthunyelwa i-Kubernetes, kufaka phakathi ezikhungweni zabahlinzeki bamafu, akunzima kangako, bese ukuhumusha zonke izinqubo zentuthuko nokusebenza, ukulungisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi amasha ayishumi nambili eqembu, njll. kuwumsebenzi oyinkinga ngempela odinga ukuqonda okujulile izinqubo kanye nenani elikhulu lokuxhumana nabo bonke ababambiqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yakho.

Futhi siqoqe lonke lolu lwazi esifundweni sethu se-inthanethi “Inkundla yengqalasizinda esekelwe ku-Kubernetes.” Ezinyangeni ezi-5 zokuzilolonga uzokwazi:

• Isebenza kanjani i-Kubernetes
• Imikhuba ye-DevOps isetshenziswa kanjani ukuyisebenzisa
• Imaphi amathuluzi e-ecosystem avuthwe ngokwanele ukuthi angasetshenziselwa ukulwa nendlela yokuwahlanganisa namanye.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zemfundo, sigxila ku-ecosystem kanye ne-nuances yokusebenza kwamaqoqo e-Kubernetes, futhi kulapho kuvela khona ubunzima ezinkampanini ezinquma ukushintshela endaweni yazo yengqalasizinda.

Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo, uzokwazi ukuba unjiniyela weplatifomu futhi uzokwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela inkundla yengqalasizinda enkampanini yakho. Okungukuthi, yilokho okwenziwa abanye babafundi bethu njengomsebenzi wephrojekthi, bethola impendulo nokusekelwa kothisha. Futhi, ulwazi namakhono kuzokwanela ukulungiselela isitifiketi se-CNCF.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwazi lawa makhono kudinga ulwazi oluqinile lwa Imikhuba namathuluzi we-DevOps. Ngokusho kokuphawula kwethu emakethe yemisebenzi, ngemva kokuqeqeshwa okunjalo uchwepheshe angalindela ngokuphepha iholo lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150-200.

Uma uchwepheshe onjalo onolwazi ekusebenziseni imikhuba ye-DevOps, siyakumema thatha isivivinyo sokungena futhi ujwayelane nohlelo lwezifundo ngokuningiliziwe.

Source: www.habr.com