Ukuphatha kanjani ukugeleza ku-Digital Substation LAN?

I-Digital Substation iwumkhuba emkhakheni wezamandla. Uma useduze nesihloko, khona-ke mhlawumbe uzwile ukuthi inani elikhulu ledatha lidluliselwa ngendlela yokusakaza okuningi. Kodwa ingabe uyazi ukuthi ukuphatha kanjani lokhu kusakazwa kwe-multicast? Imaphi amathuluzi okulawula ukugeleza asetshenziswa? Izincwadi zokulawula ziyelulekani?

Noma ubani onentshisekelo yokuqonda lesi sihloko wamukelekile ekatini!

Idluliswa kanjani idatha ngenethiwekhi futhi kungani uphatha ukusakaza kokusakaza okuningi?

Ngaphambi kokuthuthela ngqo ku-Digital Substation kanye nama-nuances wokwakha i-LAN, nginikeza uhlelo lokufundisa olufushane ngezinhlobo zokudluliswa kwedatha nezinqubo zokudlulisa idatha zokusebenza ngokusakazwa kwe-multicast. Uhlelo lwezemfundo salufihla ngaphansi kwespoiler.

Izinhlobo zokudlulisa idatha
Izinhlobo zethrafikhi ku-LAN

Kunezinhlobo ezine zokudluliswa kwedatha:

• Ukusakaza – ukusakaza.
• I-Unicast – imiyalezo phakathi kwamadivaysi amabili.
• I-Multicast – ukuthumela imiyalezo eqenjini elithile lamadivayisi.
• I-Unicast Engaziwa - isakaza ngenhloso yokuthola idivayisi eyodwa.

Ukuze ungaphambanisi amakhadi, ake sikhulume kafushane ngezinye izinhlobo ezintathu zokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-multicast.

Okokuqala, masikhumbule ukuthi ngaphakathi kwe-LAN, ukukhuluma phakathi kwamadivayisi kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kumakheli e-MAC. Noma yimuphi umlayezo odlulisiwe unezinkambu ze-SRC MAC kanye ne-DST MAC.

I-SRC MAC – umthombo we-MAC – ikheli lomthumeli we-MAC.

I-DST MAC – indawo ye-MAC – ikheli le-MAC lomamukeli.

Iswishi idlulisa imilayezo ngokusekelwe kulezi zinkambu. Ibheka i-DST MAC, iyithola etafuleni layo lekheli le-MAC, bese ithumela umlayezo echwebeni elisohlwini lwethebula. Uphinde abuke i-SRC MAC. Uma lingekho ikheli le-MAC elinjalo kuthebula, bese kwengezwa ipheya entsha “yekheli le-MAC – port”.

Manje ake sikhulume kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zokudluliswa kwedatha.

I-unicast

I-Unicast iwukudluliswa kwekheli kwemiyalezo phakathi kwamadivaysi amabili. Empeleni, lokhu ukudluliswa kwedatha kwephoyinti nephuzu. Ngamanye amazwi, amadivaysi amabili ahlala esebenzisa i-Unicast ukuze axhumane.

Ukudluliselwa kwethrafikhi ye-unicast

Yokusakaza

Ukusakaza umlayezo osakazwayo. Labo. ukusakaza, uma idivayisi eyodwa ithumela umyalezo kuwo wonke amanye amadivaysi akunethiwekhi.

Ukuthumela umlayezo wokusakaza, umthumeli ucacisa ikheli le-DST MAC FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.

Sakaza ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi

I-Unicast engaziwa

I-Unicast engaziwa, ekuqaleni, ifana kakhulu ne-Broadcast. Kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo - umlayezo uthunyelwa kubo bonke abahlanganyeli benethiwekhi, kodwa uhloselwe idivayisi eyodwa kuphela. Kufana nomlayezo esikhungweni sezitolo ekucela ukuthi upake kabusha imoto yakho. Wonke umuntu uzowuzwa lo mlayezo, kodwa oyedwa kuphela ozophendula.

Uma iswishi ithola uhlaka futhi ingakwazi ukuthola i-Destination MAC kuyo kuthebula lekheli le-MAC, ivele isakaze lo mlayezo kuzo zonke izimbobo ngaphandle kwaleyo ewuthole kuyo. Idivayisi eyodwa kuphela ezophendula ku-imeyili enjalo.

Ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi ye-Unicast engaziwa

I-Multicast

I-Multicast ukuthumela umlayezo eqenjini lamadivayisi “elifuna” ukuthola le datha. Ifana kakhulu ne-webinar. Isakazwa kuyo yonke i-inthanethi, kodwa yilabo bantu abathanda lesi sihloko kuphela abaxhuma kuso.

Le modeli yokudlulisa idatha ibizwa ngokuthi “Umshicileli - Obhalisile”. KunoMshicileli oyedwa othumela idatha futhi Ababhalisile abafuna ukuthola le datha babhalisele kuyo.

Ngokusakaza kokusakaza okuningi, umlayezo uthunyelwa usuka kudivayisi yangempela. Umthombo we-MAC kuhlaka yi-MAC yomthumeli. Kodwa i-Destination MAC iyikheli elibonakalayo.

Idivayisi kufanele ixhume eqenjini ukuze yamukele idatha evela kulo. Iswishi iqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kolwazi phakathi kwamadivayisi - ikhumbula ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo idatha edluliswa kuzo futhi yazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo le datha okufanele ithunyelwe kuzo.

Ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi ye-Multicast

Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi amakheli e-IP avame ukusetshenziswa njengamaqembu abonakalayo, kodwa kusukela... Njengoba lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngamandla, sizokhuluma ngamakheli e-MAC. Emndenini we-IEC 61850 wezivumelwano ezisetshenziselwa I-Digital Substation, ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu kusekelwe kumakheli e-MAC.

Uhlelo olufushane lwezemfundo mayelana nekheli le-MAC

Ikheli le-MAC liyivelu engu-48-bit elihlonza ngokukhethekile idivayisi. Ihlukaniswe ngama-octets angu-6. Ama-octet amathathu okuqala aqukethe ulwazi lomkhiqizi. U-Octets 4, 5 kanye no-6 anikezwe umkhiqizi futhi iyinombolo yedivayisi.

Isakhiwo sekheli le-MAC

Ku-octet yokuqala, ibhithi yesishiyagalombili inquma ukuthi umlayezo u-unicast noma u-multicast. Uma ibhithi yesishiyagalombili ingu-0, khona-ke leli kheli le-MAC liyikheli ledivayisi ebonakalayo yangempela.

Futhi uma ibhithi yesishiyagalombili ingu-1, khona-ke leli kheli le-MAC lingokoqobo. Okusho ukuthi, leli kheli le-MAC akulona elomshini wangempela, kodwa eleqembu elibonakalayo.

Ithimba elibonakalayo lingafaniswa nombhoshongo wokusakaza. Inkampani yomsakazo isakaza umculo othile kulo mbhoshongo, futhi abafuna ukuwulalela bashuna izamukeli zabo ngendlela abayifunayo.

Futhi, isibonelo, ikhamera yevidiyo ye-IP ithumela idatha eqenjini elibonakalayo, futhi lawo madivayisi afuna ukuthola le datha axhuma kuleli qembu.

Ibhithi yesishiyagalombili ye-octet yokuqala yekheli le-MAC

Uma ukusekela kokusakaza okuningi kungavunyelwe ekushintsheni, kuzobe sekubona ukusakaza kokusakaza okuningi njengokusakaza. Ngakho-ke, uma kunokugeleza okuningi okunjalo, sizovala ngokushesha inethiwekhi ngethrafikhi "engcolile".

Uyini umnyombo we-multicast?

Umbono oyinhloko we-multicast ukuthi ikhophi eyodwa kuphela yethrafikhi ithunyelwa kusuka kudivayisi. Iswishi inquma ukuthi yimaphi amachweba ababhalisi abakuwo futhi idlulisele idatha isuka kumthumeli iye kubo. Ngakho, i-multicast ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise kakhulu idatha esakazwa ngenethiwekhi.

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani ku-LAN yangempela?

Kuyacaca ukuthi akwanele ukumane uthumele ikhophi eyodwa yethrafikhi kwelinye ikheli le-MAC elinengxenye yesishiyagalombili ye-octet yokuqala engu-1. Ababhalisile kufanele bakwazi ukuxhuma kuleli qembu. Futhi amaswishi kufanele aqonde ukuthi iyiphi idatha yezimbobo evela nokuthi yiziphi izimbobo okudingeka idluliselwe kuzo. Kulapho kuphela lapho ukusakaza okuningi kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi nokuphatha ukugeleza.

Ukuze wenze lokhu kusebenza, kukhona amaphrothokholi okusakaza okuningi. Okuvame kakhulu:

• I-IGMP.
• I-PIM.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma nge-tangentially mayelana nesimiso sokusebenza esijwayelekile salezi zivumelwano.

I-IGMP

Iswishi enikwe amandla i-IGMP ikhumbula ukuthi iyiphi imbobo lapho ukusakaza okuningi kungena khona. Ababhalisile kufanele bathumele i-IMGP Joyina umlayezo ukuze bajoyine iqembu. Iswishi yengeza imbobo lapho i-IGMP Joyina ifike khona ohlwini lwezindawo ezingaphansi komfula futhi iqala ukudlulisa ukusakaza okuningi lapho. Iswishi ithumela ngokuqhubekayo imilayezo Yombuzo we-IGMP kumachweba angezansi ukuze ihlole ukuthi idinga ukuqhubeka nokudlulisa idatha. Uma umlayezo we-IGMP Shiya wamukelwe uvela echwebeni noma kungekho mpendulo kumlayezo Wombuzo we-IGMP, ukusakaza kuwo kuyamiswa.

PIM

Iphrothokholi ye-PIM inokuqaliswa okubili:

• I-PIM DM.
• I-PIM SM.

Iphrothokholi ye-PIM DM isebenza ngokuhlehla kwe-IGMP. Iswishi iqale ithumele ukusakaza okuningi njengokusakaza kuzo zonke izimbobo ngaphandle kwaleyo eyamukelwe kuyo. Bese ikhubaza ukugeleza kulawo machweba okuvela kuwo imilayezo ebingadingeki.

I-PIM SM isebenza eduze ne-IGMP.

Ukuze ufingqe kakhulu isimiso esijwayelekile sokusebenza kokusakaza okuningi - Umshicileli uthumela ukusakaza okuningi eqenjini elithile le-MAC, ababhalisile bathumela izicelo zokuxhuma kuleli qembu, amaswishi alawula lokhu kusakazwa.

Kungani senze ukusakaza okuningi ngokukha phezulu kangaka? Ake sikhulume ngemininingwane ye-Digital Substation LAN ukuze sikuqonde lokhu.

Iyini i-Digital Substation futhi kungani ukusakazwa okuningi kuyadingeka lapho?

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma nge-Digital Substation LAN, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-Digital Substation. Bese uphendula imibuzo:

• Ubani obambe iqhaza ekudluliselweni kwedatha?
• Iyiphi idatha edluliselwa ku-LAN?
• Iyini i-architecture evamile ye-LAN?

Futhi emva kwalokho xoxa nge-multicast...

Yini i-Digital Substation?

I-Digital Substation iyisiteshi esincane lapho zonke izinhlelo zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzishintshanisa. Zonke izisetshenziswa zesibili neziyinhloko zesiteshi esinjalo zigxile ekudluliselweni kwedatha yedijithali. Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kwakhiwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokudlulisela ezichazwe kuzinga le-IEC 61850.

Ngakho, yonke idatha idluliselwa ngedijithali lapha:

• Izilinganiso.
• Ulwazi lokuxilonga.
• Lawula imiyalo.

Lo mkhuba uthole intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni wezamandla waseRussia futhi manje ususetshenziswa yonke indawo. Ngo-2019 nango-2020, kwavela imibhalo eminingi yokulawula elawula ukwakhiwa kweSiteshi Sedijithali kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka. Isibonelo, i-STO 34.01-21-004-2019 PJSC "Rosseti" ichaza incazelo nemibandela elandelayo yesiteshi sesevisi esimaphakathi:

Incazelo:

Isiteshi esincane sedijithali isiteshi esincane esizenzakalelayo esihlomeke ngolwazi lwedijithali namasistimu okulawula asebenzisana ngemodi yesikhathi esisodwa futhi asebenza ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezisebenzi ezisebenza ngokugcwele.

Umbandela:

• ukubonwa okukude kwemingcele kanye nezindlela zokusebenza zemishini nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuba khona njalo komsebenzi kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokulungiswa;
• ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwemishini kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kwesiteshi esincane ngaphandle kokuba khona njalo kwabasebenzi abasebenzayo kanye nabasebenza ngokulungiswa;
• izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kwemishini kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zezindlela zokusebenza zemishini nezinhlelo;
• ukulawula okukude kwazo zonke izinqubo zobuchwepheshe kumodi yesikhathi esisodwa;
• ukushintshana kwedatha yedijithali phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ngefomethi eyodwa;
• ukuhlanganiswa kunethiwekhi kagesi kanye nohlelo lokuphatha amabhizinisi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwedijithali nezinhlangano ezifanele zengqalasizinda (nezinsiza ezihlobene);
• ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nolwazi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwedijithali kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe;
• ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesimo semishini eyinhloko nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ku-inthanethi ngokudluliswa kwenani elidingekayo ledatha yedijithali, imingcele elawulwayo namasignali.

Ubani obambe iqhaza ekudluliselweni kwedatha?

I-Digital Substation ihlanganisa amasistimu alandelayo:

• Amasistimu okuvikela edluliselwe. Ukuvikelwa kwe-relay empeleni "kuyinhliziyo" ye-Digital Substation. Amatheminali okuvikela i-relay athatha amanani amanje nawe-voltage ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, amatheminali asebenza ingqondo yokuvikela yangaphakathi. Amatheminali ayaxhumana ukuze adlulisele ulwazi mayelana nokuvikela okucushiwe, izindawo zokushintshwa kwemishini, njll. Amatheminali aphinde athumele ulwazi mayelana nezehlakalo ezenzeke kuseva ye-ICS. Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziningana zokuxhumana zingahlukaniswa:
  ▸Ukuxhumana okuvundlile - ukuxhumana phakathi kwamatheminali.
  ▸Uxhumano oluqondile – ukuxhumana neseva yesistimu yokulawula inqubo ezenzakalelayo.
  ▸Izilinganiso – ukuxhumana nemishini yokukala.

• Amasistimu okulinganisa ugesi wezohwebo.Amasistimu okulinganisa ama-custod axhumana kuphela nemishini yokukala.

• Amasistimu okulawula ukuthunyelwa.Ingxenye yedatha kufanele ithunyelwe isuka kuseva yesistimu yokulawula inqubo futhi isuka kuseva yokubalwa kwezimali yezentengiselwano iye esikhungweni sokulawula.

Lolu uhlu olwenziwe lula kakhulu lwezinhlelo ezishintshanisa idatha njengengxenye Yesiteshi Esisetshenziswayo Sedijithali. Uma ungathanda ukujula kulesi sihloko, bhala kumazwana.
Sizokutshela ngalokhu ngokwehlukana 😉

Iyiphi idatha edluliselwa ku-LAN?

Ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezichazwe komunye nomunye futhi uhlele ukuxhumana okuvundlile nokuma mpo, kanye nokudluliselwa kwezilinganiso, amabhasi ahlelwa. Okwamanje, masivumelane ukuthi ibhasi ngalinye liyi-LAN ehlukile kumaswishi e-Ethernet yezimboni.

Vimba umdwebo wesikhungo samandla kagesi ngokuhambisana ne-IEC 61850

Umdwebo webhulokhi ubonisa amathayi:

• Ukuqapha/Ukulawula.
• Ukudluliswa kwezimpawu zokuvikela ukudluliselwa.
• Ukudluliswa kwama-voltage nama-currents asheshayo.

Amatheminali e-relay yokuvikela abamba iqhaza kukho kokubili ukuxhumana okuvundlile nokuma mpo futhi asebenzisa izilinganiso, ukuze axhumeke kuwo wonke amabhasi.

Ngokusebenzisa ibhasi elithi “Ukudluliswa kwamasignali okuvikela ukudluliselwa,” amatheminali adlulisela ulwazi phakathi kwawo. Labo. lapha kusetshenziswa uxhumano oluvundlile.

Ukudluliswa kwezilinganiso kwenziwa ngebhasi elithi "Ukudluliselwa kwamanani asheshayo ama-voltage nama-currents". Amadivaysi okulinganisa - ama-transformer amanje kanye ne-voltage, kanye namatheminali okuvikela ukudluliselwa - axhunywe kuleli bhasi.

Futhi, iseva ye-ASKUE ixhunywe ebhasini elithi “Ukudluliselwa kwamanani asheshayo ama-voltage nama-currents”, nawo athatha izilinganiso zokubala.

Futhi ibhasi elithi "Monitoring/Control" lisebenzela ukuxhumana okuqondile. Labo. ngayo, amatheminali athumela imicimbi ehlukahlukene kuseva ye-ICS, futhi iseva iphinde ithumele imiyalo yokulawula kumatheminali.

Kusuka kuseva yesistimu yokulawula inqubo ezenzakalelayo, idatha ithunyelwa esikhungweni sokulawula.

Iyini i-architecture evamile ye-LAN?

Ake sidlulele emdwebeni wesakhiwo ongacacile futhi ovamile siye ezintweni ezivamile nezingokoqobo.

Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa i-architecture ye-LAN ejwayelekile ye-Digital Substation.

I-Digital Substation Architecture

Ku-6 kV noma i-35 kV substations, inethiwekhi izoba lula, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngeziteshi ezingaphansi kwe-110 kV, 220 kV nangaphezulu, kanye ne-LAN yeziteshi zamandla, khona-ke ukwakheka kuzohambisana nalokhu okubonisiwe.

I-architecture ihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu:

• Izinga lesiteshi/isiteshi esincane.
• Joyina ileveli.
• Izinga lenqubo.

Izinga lesiteshi/isiteshi esincane ihlanganisa izindawo zokusebenza namaseva.

Joyina ileveli kuhlanganisa zonke izinto zobuchwepheshe.

Izinga lenqubo kuhlanganisa nemishini yokukala.

Kukhona futhi amabhasi amabili okuhlanganisa amazinga:

• Ibhasi lesiteshi/isiteshi esincane.
• Ibhasi lokucubungula.

Ibhasi lesiteshi/lesiteshi esincane lihlanganisa imisebenzi yebhasi elithi “Monitoring/Control” kanye nebhasi elithi “Relay Protection Signal Transmission”. Futhi ibhasi lenqubo lenza imisebenzi yebhasi "Ukudluliselwa kwe-voltage esheshayo kanye namanani wamanje".

Izici zokudluliswa kwe-Multicast ku-Digital Substation

Iyiphi idatha edluliselwa kusetshenziswa i-multicast?

Ukuxhumana okuvundlile kanye nokudluliselwa kwezilinganiso ngaphakathi kwe-Digital Substation kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-architecture yomshicileli-Obhalisile. Labo. Amatheminali okuvikela i-relay asebenzisa ukusakazwa kwe-multicast ukuze ashintshisane ngemilayezo, futhi izilinganiso ziphinde zidluliselwe kusetshenziswa ukusakaza okuningi.

Ngaphambi kwesiteshi esincane sedijithali emkhakheni wezamandla, ukuxhumana okuvundlile kwaqaliswa kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwephoyinti nephoyinti phakathi kwamatheminali. Kuphakathi kokuthi intambo yethusi noma i-optical yasetshenziswa njengesixhumi esibonakalayo. Idatha idluliselwe kusetshenziswa amaphrothokholi obunikazi.

Izimfuno eziphakeme kakhulu zabekwa kulokhu kuxhumana, ngoba lezi ziteshi zidlulisa amasignali okusebenza kokuvikela, indawo yokushintsha amadivayisi, njll. I-algorithm yokuvinjwa kokusebenza kwamatheminali incike kulolu lwazi.

Uma idatha idluliselwa kancane noma ingaqinisekisiwe, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi enye yamatheminali ngeke ithole ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nesimo samanje futhi ingase ithumele isignali ukuze ivale noma ivule idivayisi yokushintsha uma, isibonelo. , kwenziwa umsebenzi othile kuyo. Noma ukwehluleka kwe-breaker ngeke kusebenze ngesikhathi futhi isifunda esifushane sizosakazeka kuwo wonke umjikelezo kagesi. Konke lokhu kugcwele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezimali kanye nosongo empilweni yomuntu.

Ngakho-ke, idatha bekufanele idluliselwe:

• Uthembekile.
• Kuqinisekisiwe.
• Ngokushesha.

Manje, esikhundleni sokuxhumana kwe-point-to-point, ibhasi yesiteshi/isiteshi esincane sisetshenziswa, i.e. I-LAN. Futhi idatha idluliselwa kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-GOOSE, echazwa yi-IEC 61850 ejwayelekile (ku-IEC 61850-8-1, ukuze inembe kakhudlwana).

I-GOOSE imele umcimbi we-General Object Oriented Substation Event, kodwa lokhu kukhishwa kwamakhodi akusabalulekile kakhulu futhi akuthwali noma yimuphi umthwalo we-semantic.

Njengengxenye yale phrothokholi, amatheminali okuvikela i-relay ashintshisana ngemilayezo ye-GOOSE.

Inguquko ukusuka ekuxhumaneni kwephoyinti kuya kwephuzu ukuya ku-LAN ayizange iguqule indlela. Idatha isadinga ukudluliselwa ngokwethembeka, ngokuphephile nangokushesha. Ngakho-ke, imilayezo ye-GOOSE isebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa idatha engajwayelekile. Okuningi ngaye kamuva.

Izilinganiso, njengoba sesixoxile kakade, nazo zisakazwa kusetshenziswa ukusakazwa kwe-multicast. Ngamagama e-DSP, le mifudlana ibizwa ngokuthi i-SV streams (Inani Elisampula).

Ukusakaza kwe-SV imilayezo equkethe isethi ethile yedatha futhi idluliselwa ngokuqhubekayo nesikhathi esithile. Umlayezo ngamunye uqukethe isilinganiso endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Izilinganiso zithathwa ngefrikhwensi ethile - imvamisa yesampula.

Imvamisa yesampula imvamisa yesampula yesiginali eqhubekayo ngesikhathi uyisampula.

Izinga lamasampula angama-80 ngomzuzwana

Ukwakhiwa kokusakaza kwe-SV kuchazwe ku-IEC61850-9-2 LE.

Ukusakaza kwe-SV kudluliselwa ngebhasi lenqubo.

Ibhasi lokucubungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ehlinzeka ngokushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi wokulinganisa namadivayisi zeleveli yokuxhumana. Imithetho yokushintshaniswa kwedatha (amanani asheshayo wamanje kanye ne-voltage) ichazwe ku-IEC 61850-9-2 ejwayelekile (okwamanje iphrofayili ye-IEC 61850-9-2 LE isetshenziswa).

Ukusakaza kwe-SV, njengemilayezo ye-GOOSE, kufanele kudluliswe ngokushesha. Uma izilinganiso zidluliswa kancane, amatheminali angase angatholi i-current noma i-voltage edingekayo ukuze kuqalise ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi, futhi isifunda esifushane sizobe sesisakazekela engxenyeni enkulu yenethiwekhi kagesi futhi sibangele umonakalo omkhulu.

Kungani kudingeka ukusakaza okuningi?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukumboza izidingo zokudluliswa kwedatha yokuxhumana okuvundlile, i-GOOSE idluliswa ngendlela engajwayelekile.

Okokuqala, zidluliselwa ezingeni lesixhumanisi sedatha futhi zine-Ethertype yazo - 0x88b8. Lokhu kuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okudluliswa kwedatha.

Manje kuyadingeka ukuvala izidingo zewaranti nokuthembeka.

Ngokusobala, ukuze uqiniseke, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi umlayezo uthunyelwe, kodwa asikwazi ukuhlela ukuthumela iziqinisekiso zokutholwa, njengoba, isibonelo, kwenziwa ku-TCP. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu isivinini sokudlulisa idatha.

Ngakho-ke, i-architecture yomshicileli-Obhalisile isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa i-GOOSE.

Umshicileli-Obhalisile Architecture

Idivayisi ithumela umlayezo we-GOOSE ebhasini futhi ababhalisile bathola umlayezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlayezo uthunyelwa nge T0 njalo isikhathi. Uma kwenzeka umcimbi othile, umlayezo omusha uyakhiqizwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi esidlule i-T0 siphelile noma cha. Umlayezo olandelayo onedatha entsha ukhiqizwa ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, bese kuthi ngemva kwesikhathi eside, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sikhuphuka sibe ngu-T0.

Umgomo wokudlulisa imilayezo ye-GOOSE

Obhalisile uyazi ukuthi uthola kubani imilayezo, futhi uma engakawutholi umlayezo ovela kothile emva kwesikhathi T0, khona-ke ukhiqiza umlayezo wephutha.

Ukusakazwa kwe-SV nakho kudluliselwa ezingeni lesixhumanisi sedatha, kune-Ethertype yayo - 0x88BA futhi idluliselwa ngokuya ngemodeli "Yomshicileli - Obhalisile".

Ama-nuances wokudlulisela kokusakaza okuningi esiteshini sedijithali

Kodwa i-multicast "yamandla" inama-nuances ayo.

Qaphela 1. I-GOOSE ne-SV zinamaqembu azo okusakaza okuningi achaziwe

Ku-multicast "yamandla", amaqembu abo okusabalalisa asetshenziswa.

Ku-telecom, ububanzi 224.0.0.0/4 busetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kokusakaza okuningi (ngaphandle kokungavamile, kukhona amakheli agciniwe). Kodwa izinga le-IEC 61850 ngokwalo kanye nephrofayili yenkampani ye-IEC 61850 evela ku-PJSC FGC ichaza awabo amabanga okusabalalisa okusakaza okuningi.

Ngokusakaza kwe-SV: kusuka ku-01-0C-CD-04-00-00 kuya ku-01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.

Ngemilayezo ye-GOOSE: kusukela ku-01-0C-CD-04-00-00 kuya ku-01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.

Iphuzu 2. Amatheminali awasebenzisi amaphrothokholi okusakaza okuningi

I-nuance yesibili ibaluleke kakhulu - amatheminali okuvikela edluliselwe awasekeli i-IGMP noma i-PIM. Khona-ke basebenza kanjani nge-multicast? Bavele balinde ukuthi kuthunyelwe imininingwane efanele echwebeni. Labo. uma bazi ukuthi babhalisele ikheli elithile le-MAC, bamukela wonke amafreyimu angenayo, kodwa bacubungule kuphela okudingekayo. Okunye kulahlwa nje.

Ngamanye amazwi, lonke ithemba lincike ekushintsheni. Kodwa izosebenza kanjani i-IGMP noma i-PIM uma amatheminali engayithumeli Joyina imilayezo? Impendulo ilula - akukho ndlela.

Futhi ukusakazwa kwe-SV kuyidatha esindayo impela. Ukusakaza okukodwa kunesisindo esingaba ngu-5 Mbit/s. Futhi uma yonke into ishiywa njengoba injalo, kuvela ukuthi ukusakaza ngakunye kuzosakazwa. Ngamanye amazwi, sizodonsa imifudlana engama-20 kuphela ku-LAN eyodwa engu-100 Mbit/s. Futhi inani le-SV eligeleza esiteshini esikhulu lilinganiswa ngamakhulu.

Isixazululo sithini-ke?

Kulula - sebenzisa ama-VLAN amadala afakazelwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IGMP ku-Digital Substation LAN ingadlala ihlaya elinonya, futhi okuphambene nalokho, akukho okuzosebenza. Phela, ukushintsha ngeke kuqale ukudlulisa ukusakaza ngaphandle kwesicelo.

Ngakho-ke, singagqamisa umthetho olula wokuthuma - "Ingabe inethiwekhi ayisebenzi? - Khubaza i-IGMP!

Isisekelo esijwayelekile

Kodwa mhlawumbe kusengenzeka ukuthi ngandlela thize uhlele i-LAN ye-Digital Substation esekelwe ku-multicast? Ake sizame manje ukuphendukela emibhalweni yokulawula ku-LAN. Ikakhulukazi, ngizocaphuna ama-STO alandelayo:

• STO 34.01-21-004-2019 - DIGITAL POWER CENTRE. IZIDINGO ZOKUDANIWA KOBUChwepheshe BOKUSHINTSHWA KWE-DIGITAL OKUNOVOTI 110-220 kV KANYE NEZIKHIWO ZAMA-NODE DIGITAL AMA-VOLTAGE 35 kV.
• STO 34.01-6-005-2019 - UKUSHINTSHA IZINTO ZAMANDLA. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile.
• I-STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020 - Izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile zenhlangano nokusebenza kwama-LAN obuchwepheshe ohlelweni lokulawula inqubo yesiteshi esincane se-UNEG.

Ake siqale sibone ukuthi yini engatholakala kulezi ziteshi zesevisi mayelana nokusakaza okuningi? Kukhona okushiwoyo kuphela ku-STO yakamuva evela ku-PJSC FGC UES. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokwamukela i-LAN, isiteshi sesevisi sikucela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ingabe ama-VLAN amiswe ngendlela efanele yini futhi uhlole ukuthi ayikho ithrafikhi yokusakaza okuningi ezimbobeni zokushintshela ezingacacisiwe kumadokhumenti okusebenza.

Hhayi-ke, isiteshi sesevisi siphinde sibeke ukuthi abasebenzi kumele bazi ukuthi yini i-multicast.

Konke lokho mayelana nokusakaza okuningi...

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ongayithola kulezi ziteshi zesevisi mayelana nama-VLAN.

Lapha, zontathu iziteshi zesevisi ziyavuma ukuthi amaswishi kufanele asekele ama-VLAN asekelwe ku-IEEE 802.1Q.

I-STO 34.01-21-004-2019 ithi ama-VLAN kufanele asetshenziselwe ukulawula ukugeleza, futhi ngosizo lwama-VLAN, ithrafikhi kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe ukuvikelwa kwe-relay, izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zokulawula inqubo, i-AIIS KUE, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, ukuxhumana, njll.

I-STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020, ngaphezu kwalokho, idinga nokulungiselela imephu yokusabalalisa ye-VLAN ngesikhathi sokuklama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiteshi sesevisi sinikeza ububanzi bawo amakheli e-IP kanye nama-VLAN wemishini ye-DSP.

I-STO futhi ihlinzeka ngethebula lezinto ezibalulekile ezinconyiwe zama-VLAN ahlukene.

Ithebula lezinto ezibalulekile ze-VLAN ezinconyiwe kusuka ku-STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020

Ngokombono wokuphatha ukugeleza, yilokho kuphela. Nakuba kusekuningi okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulezi ziteshi zesevisi - kusukela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene kuya kuzilungiselelo ze-L3 - sizokwenza lokhu, kodwa ngokuzayo.

Manje ake sifingqe ukuphathwa kokugeleza ku-LAN ye-Digital Substation.

isiphetho

Ku-Digital Substation, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusakaza okuningi kokusakaza okuningi kusakazwa, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi ye-multicast (IGMP, PIM) empeleni azisetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadivaysi okugcina awasekeli noma yimaphi amaphrothokholi okusakaza okuningi.

Ama-VLAN amadala amahle asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-VLAN kulawulwa imibhalo yokulawula, enikeza izincomo ezithuthukiswe kahle.

Izixhumanisi eziwusizo:

Isifundo sokuqeqesha "Isiteshi sedijithali esivela ku-Phoenix Contact".
Izixazululo ze-DSP ezivela ku-Phoenix Contact.

Source: www.habr.com