Le ndatshana imayelana nokuthi ihluzo zisebenza kanjani ku-Linux nokuthi iqukethe ziphi izingxenye. Iqukethe izithombe-skrini eziningi zokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwezindawo zedeskithophu.
Uma ungahlukanisi ngempela phakathi kwe-KDE ne-GNOME, noma wenza kanjalo kodwa ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezikhona, khona-ke le ndatshana ingeyakho. Ukubuka konke, futhi nakuba iqukethe amagama amaningi namagama ambalwa, okokusebenza kuzoba usizo kwabaqalayo nalabo abasanda kubuka iLinux.
Isihloko singase futhi sibe nentshisekelo kubasebenzisi abathuthukile lapho usetha ukufinyelela kude futhi usebenzisa iklayenti elincane. Ngivame ukuhlangana nabasebenzisi be-Linux abanolwazi ngezitatimende "kunomugqa womyalo kuphela kuseva, futhi angihleli ukufunda ihluzo ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba konke lokhu kuyadingeka kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile." Kodwa ngisho nochwepheshe be-Linux bamangele kakhulu futhi bajabule ukuthola inketho ethi “-X” yomyalo we-ssh (futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyasiza ukuqonda ukusebenza nemisebenzi yeseva ye-X).
Bengifundisa izifundo ze-Linux cishe iminyaka eyi-15 "“futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi abaningi kubantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu engibafundisile bafunda futhi mhlawumbe babhala izihloko ezikhuluma ngoHabr. Izifundo zihlala ziqine kakhulu (isilinganiso sobude besifundo siyizinsuku ezinhlanu); udinga ukuhlanganisa izihloko ezidinga okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi ukuze uziqonde ngokugcwele. Futhi njalo phakathi nesifundo, kuya ngezilaleli (abasanda kuhlanganyela abaqoqiwe noma abaphathi abangomakadebona), kanye “nasemibuzweni evela ezithamelini,” ngikhetha ukuthi yini engizoyidlulisela ngemininingwane eyengeziwe nokuthi yini ekha phezulu, ukuze nginikele okwengeziwe. isikhathi sokuyala izinsiza zomugqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okungokoqobo. Kunezihloko ezanele ezifana nalezi ezidinga ukuzidela okuncane. Lena “Umlando we-Linux”, “Umehluko ekusatshalalisweni kwe-Linux”, “Mayelana namalayisense: GPL, BSD, ...”, “Mayelana nezithombe nezindawo zedeskithophu” (isihloko salesi sihloko), njll. Hhayi ukuthi azikho okubalulekile, kodwa ngokuvamile kunemibuzo eminingi ecindezelayo ethi "lapha namanje" futhi cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuphela ... Nokho, ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujwayelekile kwezisekelo ze-Linux OS, ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka okutholakalayo (ukuze ngisho nokusebenzisa eyodwa ethize Ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux, usenombono obanzi walo lonke izwe elikhulu nelibanzi elibizwa nge-“Linux”), ukufunda lezi zihloko kuyasiza futhi kuyadingeka.
Njengoba isihloko siqhubeka, ngihlinzeka ngezixhumanisi zengxenye ngayinye kulabo abafuna ukujula esihlokweni, isibonelo, ezihlokweni ze-Wikipedia (ngenkathi bekhomba inguqulo ephelele / ewusizo uma kukhona izihloko zesiNgisi nesiRashiya).
Ngezibonelo eziyisisekelo nezithombe-skrini ngisebenzise ukusatshalaliswa kwe-openSUSE. Noma yikuphi okunye ukusatshalaliswa okuthuthukisiwe komphakathi kungasetshenziswa, inqobo nje uma kunenani elikhulu lamaphakheji endaweni yokugcina. Kunzima, kodwa akwenzeki, ukukhombisa izinhlobonhlobo zemiklamo yedeskithophu ekusatshalalisweni kwezentengiso, njengoba ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indawo eyodwa noma ezimbili zedeskithophu ezaziwa kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, abathuthukisi banciphisa umsebenzi wokukhulula i-OS ezinzile, elungisiwe. Kulolu hlelo olufanayo ngifake yonke i-DM/DE/WM (incazelo yale migomo engezansi) engiyithole endaweni yokugcina.
Izithombe-skrini "ezinozimele abaluhlaza" zithathwe ku-openSUSE.
Ngithathe izithombe-skrini "ngozimele abamhlophe" kokunye ukusatshalaliswa, zikhonjiswa kusithombe-skrini.
Izithombe-skrini "ezinozimele abampunga" zithathwe ku-inthanethi, njengezibonelo zemiklamo yedeskithophu kusukela eminyakeni edlule.
Ngakho, ake siqale.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezakha ihluzo
Ngizogqamisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko futhi ngizibhale ngokulandelana ezethulwa ngazo ekuqaleni kwesistimu:
- I-DM (Umphathi Wokubonisa);
- Iseva yokubonisa;
- DE (Indawo yedeskithophu).
Ukwengeza, njengezigatshana ezibalulekile Zendawo Yedeskithophu:
- Umphathi Wezinhlelo Zokusebenza/Isiqalisi/Isishintshi (Inkinobho yokuqala);
- I-WM (Umphathi Wewindi);
- isofthiwe ehlukahlukene eza nemvelo yedeskithophu.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngephuzu ngalinye.
I-DM (Umphathi Wokubonisa)
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqala oluqalisa lapho uqala "izithombe" ngu-DM (Umphathi Wokubonisa), umphathi wesibonisi. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko:
- buza ukuthi yibaphi abasebenzisi abangabavumela ohlelweni, cela idatha yokuqinisekisa (iphasiwedi, izigxivizo zeminwe);
- khetha ukuthi iyiphi indawo yedeskithophu ongayisebenzisa.
Okwamanje isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusabalaliseni okuhlukahlukene:
- (kufakwe esikhundleni ),
- ,
- ,
- .
- Ungaphinda usho i-Fly-DM (esetshenziswa ku-AstraLinux).
Uhlu lwama-DM akhona lugcinwa lunolwazi lwakamuva
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izithombe-skrini ezilandelayo zisebenzisa imenenja yokubonisa ye-LightDM efanayo, kodwa ekusakazweni okuhlukene (amagama okusabalalisa aboniswa kubakaki). Bona ukuthi le DM ingabukeka ihluke kanjani ngenxa yomsebenzi wabaklami abavela ekusakazweni okuhlukene.
Into eyinhloko kulokhu kwehluka ukwenza kucace ukuthi kukhona uhlelo lokusebenza olunesibopho sokwethula ihluzo nokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi afinyelele lezi zithombe, futhi kukhona ukuqaliswa okuhlukile kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza okuhlukile ngokubukeka nokusebenza kancane (ukukhethwa kwe izindawo zokuklama, ukukhethwa kwabasebenzisi, inguqulo yabasebenzisi abangaboni kahle, ukutholakala kokufinyelela kude ngephrothokholi ).
Iseva yokubonisa
I-Display Server iwuhlobo lwesisekelo sehluzo, umsebenzi oyinhloko okuwukusebenza ngekhadi levidiyo, ukuqapha kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene okufaka (ikhibhodi, igundane, amaphedi wokuthinta). Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lokusebenza (isibonelo, isiphequluli noma umhleli wombhalo) oluhunyushwa "kuzithombe" aludingi ukwazi ukuthi lusebenza kanjani ngokuqondile ngamadivaysi, futhi aludingi ukwazi mayelana nabashayeli. I-X Window inakekela konke lokhu.
Uma ukhuluma nge-Display Server, iminyaka eminingi ku-Linux, ngisho naku-Unix, uhlelo lokusebenza beluhloselwe noma ngolimi oluvamile X (X).
Manje ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kungena esikhundleni sika-X .
Ungafunda futhi:
- ,
- ,
- (kudingeka ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemifanekiso ukude, isibonelo usebenzisa i-PuTTY).
Okokuqala, ake sethule ama-X kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ezinemifanekiso kuzo.
Iworkshop "esebenzisa i-X nezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyo"
Ngizokwenza konke kusuka kumsebenzisi wewebhu osanda kwakhiwa (kungaba lula, kodwa kungaphephile, ukwenza yonke into njengempande).
- Njengoba u-X edinga ukufinyelela kumadivayisi, nginikeza ukufinyelela: Uhlu lwamadivayisi lunqunywe ngokubheka amaphutha lapho kuqaliswa u-X kulogi (/home/webinaruser/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.77.log)
% sudo setfacl -m u:webinaruser:rw /dev/tty8 /dev/dri/card0 /dev/fb0 /dev/input/*
- Ngemuva kwalokho ngethula ama-X:
% X -retro :77 vt8 &
Izinketho: * -retro - qalisa ngengemuva lakudala "elimpunga", hhayi elimnyama njengokuzenzakalelayo; * :77 - Ngisetha (noma yikuphi okuphakathi kwebanga elizwakalayo kuyenzeka, kuphela :0 cishe isivele igcwele izithombe esezivele zisebenza) inombolo yesikrini, empeleni uhlobo oluthile lwesihlonzi esiyingqayizivele okuzokwazi ngaso ukuhlukanisa ama-X ambalwa asebenzayo; * vt8 - ikhombisa ukuphela, lapha /dev/tty8, lapho kuzovezwa khona ama-X).
- Yethula uhlelo lokusebenza lwesithombe:
Ukwenza lokhu, siqale sisethe okuguquguqukayo lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luzoqonda ukuthi yimaphi ama-X engiwasebenzisayo ukuze ngithumele lokho okudingeka kudwetshwe:
% export DISPLAY=":77"
Ungabuka uhlu lwama-X asebenzisa kanje:
ps -fwwC X
Ngemva kokusetha okuguquguqukayo, singaqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kuma-X ethu - isibonelo, ngethula iwashi:
% xclock -update 1 &
% xcalc &
% xeyes -g 200x150-300+50 &
Imibono esemqoka neziphetho ezivela kulesi siqeshana:
- I-X idinga ukufinyelela kumadivayisi: ukuphela, ikhadi levidiyo, imishini yokufaka,
- Ama-X ngokwawo awabonisi noma yiziphi izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo - iyimpunga (uma inenketho ethi “--retro”) noma ikhanvasi emnyama yosayizi abathile (isibonelo, 1920x1080 noma 1024x768) ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingcaca kuyo.
- Ukunyakaza "kwesiphambano" kubonisa ukuthi ama-X alandelela indawo yegundane futhi adlulisele lolu lwazi ezinhlelweni ezisebenza kulo.
- Ama-X aphinde abambe izinkinobho kukhibhodi futhi adlulisele lolu lwazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.
- Okuguquguqukayo kwe-DISPLAY kutshela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisithombe lapho isikrini (wonke ama-X ethulwa ngenombolo yesikrini ehlukile lapho uqala), ngakho-ke yiziphi lezi ezisebenza emshinini wami, o-X bazodinga ukudwetshwa. (Kungenzeka futhi ukucacisa umshini oqhelile kulokhu okuguquguqukayo futhi uthumele okukhiphayo ku-Xs esebenza komunye umshini kunethiwekhi.) Njengoba ama-X aqaliswa ngaphandle kwenketho -auth, asikho isidingo sokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwe-XAUTHORITY noma i-xhost. umyalo.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezithombe (noma njengoba amaklayenti angu-X azibiza kanjalo) zinikezwa ngo-X - ngaphandle kwekhono lokuzisusa/ukuvala/ukuzishintsha "-g (Ububanzi)x(Ukuphakama)+(OffsetFromLeftEdge)+(OffsetFromTopEdge)". Ngophawu lokususa, ngokulandelana, ukusuka kwesokudla nangaphansi konqenqema.
- Amagama amabili okufanele ashiwo: i-X-server (yilokho okushiwo ama-X) kanye nama-X-clients (yilokho okubizwa noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwegraphical olusebenza ngo-X). Kunokudideka okuncane ekuqondeni leli gama; abaningi baliqonda ngokuphambene. Esimeni lapho ngixhuma kusuka "emshinini weklayenti" (kumatemu okufinyelela kude) kuya "kuseva" (kumatemu okufinyelela kude) ukuze ngibonise uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisithombe olusuka kuseva kumonitha yami, bese iseva engu-X iqala ku- umshini lapho umqaphi (okungukuthi, “emshinini weklayenti”, hhayi “kuseva”), kanye namaklayenti akwa-X aqala futhi asebenza “kuseva”, nakuba eboniswa kumonitha “womshini weklayenti”.
DE izingxenye
Okulandelayo, ake sibheke izingxenye ezivame ukwakha ideskithophu.
Izingxenye ze-DE: Inkinobho yokuqala nebha yomsebenzi
Ake siqale ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Qala" inkinobho. Ngokuvamile lena i-applet ehlukile esetshenziswa ku-"Taskbar". Ngokuvamile kukhona i-applet yokushintsha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo.
Ngemva kokubheka izindawo ezihlukene zedeskithophu, ngizofingqa lezo zinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwegama elivamile elithi “Isiphathi Sezinhlelo Zokusebenza (Isiqalisi/Isishintshi)”, okungukuthi, ithuluzi lokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza (ukwethula nokushintsha phakathi kwezisebenzayo), futhi ngibonise izinsiza eziyi- isibonelo salolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza .
- Iza ngendlela yenkinobho ethi "Qala" kokwakudala (bonke ubude bolunye unqenqema lwesikrini) "Ibha yomsebenzi":
○ xfce4-panel,
○ i-mate-panel/gnome-panel,
○ i-vala-panel,
○ i-tint2. - Ungaphinda ube “nebha yomsebenzi emise okwe-MacOS” ehlukile (hhayi ubude obugcwele bonqenqema lwesikrini), nakuba amabha emisebenzi amaningi angavela kuzo zombili izitayela. Lapha, kunalokho, umehluko omkhulu ubonakala nje - ukuba khona "komphumela wezithonjana ezikhulisayo ku-hover."
○ idokodo,
○ i-latte-dock,
○ idokodo lase-cairo,
○ ipulangwe. - Kanye/Noma isevisi evula izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ucindezela okhiye abashisayo (ezindaweni eziningi zedeskithophu, ingxenye efanayo iyadingeka futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele owakho okhiye):
○ sxhkd.
- Kukhona futhi "iziqalisi" ezimise okwemenyu (kusukela ku-English Launch (ukwethulwa)):
○ dmenu-run,
○ i-rofi -show edakiwe,
○ u-albert,
○ ukugwaza.
Izingxenye ze-DE: WM (Isiphathi Sewindi)
I-WM (I-Window Manager) - uhlelo lokusebenza olunesibopho sokuphatha amawindi, lwengeza amandla okuthi:
- ukuhambisa amafasitela eduze kwedeskithophu (okuhlanganisa nejwayelekile ngokubamba ukhiye we-Alt kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yewindi, hhayi ibha yesihloko kuphela);
- ukukhulisa usayizi wamafasitela, isibonelo, ngokuhudula "uhlaka lwewindi";
- yengeza “isihloko” nezinkinobho zokunciphisa/ukukhulisa/ukuvala uhlelo lokusebenza kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewindi;
- umqondo wokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluku-“focus”.
Ngizoklelisa okwaziwayo kakhulu (kubakaki ngibonisa ukuthi iyiphi i-DE esetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo):
- (GNOME3)
- (Umngane)
- (GNOME2)
- (Isinamoni)
- (KDE)
- (XFCE),
- .
Ngizophinde ngiklelise “i-WM endala enezici ze-DE”. Labo. ngaphezu komphathi wewindi, banezici ezifana nenkinobho ethi "Qala" kanye ne-"Taskbar", okuyizinto ezijwayelekile ze-DE egcwele ngokugcwele. Noma, “zindala” kangakanani uma bobabili i-IceWM neWindowMaker sebezikhiphile izinguqulo zabo ezibuyekeziwe ngo-2020. Kuvela ukuthi kulungile hhayi "endala", kodwa "abadala":
- ,
- ,
- , , , ,
- ...
Ngaphezu kwe-"classic" ("abaphathi befasitela lesitaki"), kufanelekile ukusho okukhethekile , okukuvumela ukuthi ubeke amawindi “amathayela” kuso sonke isikrini, kanye nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ideskithophu ehlukile yohlelo ngalunye oluqalisiwe kuso sonke isikrini. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kubantu abangakaze bayisebenzise ngaphambili, kodwa njengoba mina ngokwami ngisebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esinjalo isikhathi eside, ngingasho ukuthi kulula kakhulu futhi usheshe ujwayele ukuxhumana okunjalo, emva kwalokho. Abaphathi bamafasitela “abakudala” abasabonakali bekulungele.
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- qtile,
- bspwm,
- herbstluftwm,
- ...
- iwele
- .
Iphrojekthi futhi kufanelekile ukusho ngokwehlukana kanye nomqondo onjengokuthi “Umphathi Wewindi Elihlanganisiwe”, esebenzisa amandla okusheshisa izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ukuze abonise ukukhanya, izithunzi, nemiphumela ehlukahlukene enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule kube nemiphumela emihle ye-3D kumadeskithophu e-Linux. Namuhla, abaphathi abaningi bewindi abakhelwe ku-DE basebenzisa ingxenye yamakhono ayinhlanganisela. Okusanda kuvela - umkhiqizo onokusebenza okufanayo kwe-Compiz ye-Wayland.
Uhlu oluningiliziwe lwabaphathi bewindi abahlukahlukene lungatholakala futhi ku .
Izingxenye ze-DE: ukuphumula
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela izingxenye zedeskithophu ezilandelayo (lapha ngisebenzisa amagama esiNgisi amisiwe ukuchaza uhlobo lohlelo lokusebenza - lawa akuwona amagama ezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwazo):
- Ama-apula:
- I-Software (ikhithi yamathuluzi ewijethi) - ngokuvamile “isethi encane” yesofthiwe ihlinzekwa nemvelo:
I-DE (Indawo Yedeskithophu)
Kulezi zingxenye ezingenhla, kutholakala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "I-Desktop Design Environment". Ngokuvamile zonke izingxenye zayo zithuthukiswa kusetshenziswa imitapo yolwazi yezithombe efanayo futhi kusetshenziswa izimiso zokuklama ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, okungenani, isitayela esijwayelekile sokubukeka kwezicelo sigcinwa.
Lapha singagqamisa lezi zindawo ezilandelayo ezikhona njengamanje zedeskithophu:
I-GNOME ne-KDE zibhekwa njengezivame kakhulu, futhi i-XFCE iseduze ezithendeni zabo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene efomini lethebula kungatholakala kokuhambisanayo .
DE ezihlukahlukene
Kukhona ngisho nezibonelo ezithakazelisayo ezinjalo ezivela emlandweni: ngo-2003-2007, "i-3D desktop design" yenzelwe i-Linux enegama elithi "Project Looking Glass" elivela eLangeni. Mina ngokwami ngisebenzise le desktop, noma kunalokho “ngadlala” ngayo, njengoba bekunzima ukuyisebenzisa. Le "dizayini ye-3D" yabhalwa nge-Java ngesikhathi lapho ayengekho amakhadi evidiyo anokusekelwa kwe-3D. Ngakho-ke, yonke imiphumela yabalwa kabusha yiprosesa, futhi ikhompyutha kufanele ibe namandla kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho konke kwasebenza kancane. Kodwa kwavela kahle. Amathayela ohlelo lokusebenza anezinhlangothi ezintathu angase azungeziswe/anwetshwe. Bekungenzeka ukuzungezisa kusilinda sedeskithophu ngesithombe sangemuva ukusuka kupanorama engu-360-degree. Bekunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezinhle: isibonelo, ukulalela umculo ngendlela “yokushintsha ama-CD”, njll. Ungawubuka ku-YouTube. mayelana nale phrojekthi, ikhwalithi yalawa mavidiyo kuphela okungenzeka ibe mbi, ngoba ngaleyo minyaka kwakungenakwenzeka ukulayisha amavidiyo ekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ideskithophu engasindi. Le phrojekthi isinesikhathi eside ikhona, kusukela ngo-1996. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ibidume kakhulu, ngokungafani ne-KDE ne-GNOME esindayo, ekusatshalalisweni okuningi okudinga isixhumi esibonakalayo sedeskithophu esingasindi futhi “sakudala”. Inezilungiselelo eziningi kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zayo: i-terminal (xfce4-terminal), imenenja yefayela (thunar), isibukeli sesithombe (ristretto), umhleli wombhalo (i-mousepad).
Isetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni kwe-Elementary OS. Lapha singasho ukuthi kukhona "amadeskithophu" athuthukiswayo futhi asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kokusabalalisa okukodwa okuhlukene futhi angasetshenziswa kakhulu (uma "engasetshenziswanga nhlobo") kwezinye izisabalalisi. Okungenani abakakutholi ukuthandwa futhi baqinisekise iningi lezethameli ngezinzuzo zendlela yabo. I-Pantheon ihlose ukwakha isixhumi esibonakalayo esifana ne-macOS.
Inketho enephaneli yedokhi:
Ukugxila okuqinile emiphumeleni yezithombe namawijethi (kusukela ezinsukwini lapho ezinye izindawo zokusebenza zazingenawo amawijethi edeskithophu njengekhalenda/iwashi). Isebenzisa imitapo yolwazi yayo. Kukhona isethi enkulu yezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza “ezinhle”: itheminali (Itemu), isidlali sevidiyo (Rage), isibukeli sesithombe (Ephoto).
Lena imfoloko ye-Enlightenment17, esetshenziswa ekusatshalalisweni kwe-BodhiLinux.
Ekuqaleni, i-interface yedeskithophu "yakudala", eyakhiwe ngokuphambene ne-KDE, eyabhalwa kumtapo wezincwadi we-QT, ngaleso sikhathi yasatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi eyayingakulungele kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwezentengiso.
Kusuka enguqulweni yesithathu, i-GNOME yaqala ukuza ne-GNOME Shell, “enokubukeka okungeyona yakudala”, okungebona bonke abasebenzisi abayithandile (noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingazelelwe ku-interfaces kunzima kubasebenzisi ukukwamukela). Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvela kwamaphrojekthi wemfoloko aqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwale khompuyutha ngesitayela “sakudala”: i-MATE neCinnamon. Kusetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalela ekusabalaliseni okuningi kwezentengiso. Inenombolo enkulu yezilungiselelo kanye nezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza.
Ivele ku-GNOME2 futhi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa le ndawo yokuklama. Inenani elikhulu lezilungiselelo namafoloko ezicelo asetshenziswe emuva ku-GNOME2 (amagama amasha asetshenziswa) ukuze angadideki amafoloko ngenguqulo yawo entsha ye-GNOME3).
Imfoloko ye-GNOME Shell ehlinzeka abasebenzisi ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sesitayela "sakudala" (njengoba kwakunjalo ku-GNOME2).
Inenani elikhulu lezilungiselelo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo neze-GNOME Shell.
Imfoloko yesitayela "yakudala" ye-GNOME eyathuthukiswa njengengxenye yokusabalalisa kwe-Solus, kodwa manje futhi iza njengedeskithophu ezimele kokunye ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukahlukene.
(noma njengoba kuvame ukubizwa kanjalo, kalula nje KDE)
Indawo yedeskithophu eyakhiwe iphrojekthi ye-KDE.
Inenani elikhulu lezilungiselelo ezitholakala kumsebenzisi olula kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zegraphic ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwale khompuyutha.
Ngo-2008, i-KDE yakhipha ukuqaliswa kwayo okusha kwe-KDE Plasma (injini yedeskithophu yabhalwa kabusha kakhulu). Futhi, njengaku-GNOME/MATE, akubona bonke abalandeli be-KDE abayithandile. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela imfoloko yephrojekthi, iqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo yangaphambilini, ebizwa ngokuthi i-TDE (i-Trinity Desktop Environment).
Enye yezindawo zedeskithophu entsha ebhalwe kusetshenziswa i-Qt (okubhalwe kuyo i-KDE). Inezilungiselelo eziningi futhi yinhle impela (yize lona kuwumqondo ozimele) kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo esithuthuke kahle. Ithuthukiswe njengengxenye yokusabalalisa kwe-Deepin Linux. Kukhona namaphakheji okunye ukusatshalaliswa
fly
Isibonelo sendawo yedeskithophu ebhalwe kusetshenziswa i-Qt. Ithuthukiswe njengengxenye yokusabalalisa kwe-Astra Linux.
Imvelo yedeskithophu engasindi. Njengezibonelo ezimbalwa ezedlule, ezibhalwe kusetshenziswa i-Qt. Eqinisweni, ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi ye-LXDE kanye nomphumela wokuhlanganiswa nephrojekthi ye-Razor-qt.
Njengoba ubona, ideskithophu eku-Linux ingabukeka yehluke kakhulu futhi kukhona isikhombikubona esifanelekile sokunambitheka kwawo wonke umuntu: kusukela kokuhle kakhulu futhi okunemiphumela ye-3D kuya ku-minimalistic, kusukela ku-"classic" kuya kokungavamile, kusukela ekusebenziseni ngenkuthalo izinsiza zesistimu kuya ekukhanyeni, kusukela enkulu. izikrini kumathebulethi/ama-smartphone.
Hhayi-ke, ngingathanda ukuthemba ukuthi ngikwazile ukunikeza umbono wokuthi ziyini izingxenye eziyinhloko zehluzo nedeskithophu ku-Linux OS.
Izinto zalesi sihloko zahlolwa ngoJulayi 2020 ku-webinar. Ungakwazi ukuyibuka .
Yilokho kuphela. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kube usizo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukuphawula, sicela ubhale. Ngizojabula ukuphendula. Awu, woza uzofunda e !
Source: www.habr.com