Isingeniso
Isikhathi sokuthenga isitoreji. Iyiphi okufanele ithathe, ilalele bani? Umthengisi A ukhuluma ngomthengisi B, bese kuba khona umdidiyeli C, otshela okuphambene futhi weluleka umthengisi D. Esimeni esinjalo, ngisho nekhanda lomakhi wesitoreji onolwazi lizozungeza, ikakhulukazi nabo bonke abathengisi abasha kanye ne-SDS kanye ne-hyperconvergence efashini. namuhla.
Ngakho-ke, ungakuthola kanjani konke futhi ungagcini uyisiwula? Thina ( Anton Zhbankov kanye Evgeniy Elizarov) ake sizame ukukhuluma ngalokhu ngesiRashiya esilula.
I-athikili inokufana okuningi futhi empeleni iyisandiso sokuthi "” mayelana nokukhetha amasistimu okugcina kanye nokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina. Sizobheka kafushane inkolelo evamile, kodwa sincoma ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko.
Kungani
Ungavamisile ukubona isimo lapho umuntu omusha eza esithangamini noma engxoxweni ekhethekile, njengezingxoxo Zesitoreji, bese ebuza umbuzo: “lapha banginikeza izinketho ezimbili zokugcina - i-ABC SuperStorage S600 ne-XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, yini oyitusayo ?”
Futhi ukudideka kuqala mayelana nokuthi ubani onaziphi izici zokuqaliswa kwezici ezimbi nezingaqondakali, okuyinto kumuntu ongakulungele ngokuphelele amaShayina.
Ngakho-ke, ukhiye kanye nombuzo wokuqala okufanele uzibuze wona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa imininingwane eziphakamisweni zezentengiso uthi KUNGANI? Kungani lolu hlelo lokugcina ludingeka?
Impendulo izobe ingalindelekile, futhi isitayela sikaTony Robbins kakhulu - ukugcina idatha. Ngiyabonga, ukapteni! Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi sijula kakhulu ekuqhathaniseni imininingwane size sikhohlwe ukuthi kungani senza konke lokhu kwasekuqaleni.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wesistimu yokugcina idatha ukugcina nokunikeza ukufinyelela ku-DATA ngokusebenza okunikeziwe. Sizoqala ngedatha.
Idatha
Uhlobo lwedatha
Hlobo luni lwedatha esihlele ukuligcina? Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ongasusa izinhlelo eziningi zokugcina kusukela ekucabangeni ngisho. Isibonelo, uhlela ukugcina amavidiyo nezithombe. Ungakwazi ukunqamula ngokushesha amasistimu aklanyelwe ukufinyelela okungahleliwe kumabhulokhi amancane, noma amasistimu anezici zobunikazi ekuminyanisweni / ukuphindaphinda. Lokhu kungase kube izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu, asifuni ukusho lutho olubi. Kodwa kulokhu, amandla abo azoba buthakathaka (ividiyo nezithombe azicindezelwa) noma zikhuphule kakhulu izindleko zesistimu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kuyi-DBMS ematasatasa, khona-ke izinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu zokusakaza ze-multimedia ezikwazi ukuletha amagigabhayithi ngomzuzwana kuzoba ukukhetha okungalungile.
Ivolumu yedatha
Ingakanani idatha esihlele ukuyigcina? Ubuningi buhlala bukhula buba yikhwalithi; lokhu akufanele nanini kukhohlakale, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sethu sokukhula okuphawulekayo kumthamo wedatha. Izinhlelo ze-Petabyte-class azisavamile, kodwa uma umthamo we-petabyte ukhudlwana, uhlelo luba olucacile, ukusebenza okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kwezinhlelo ezincane neziphakathi zokufinyelela okungahleliwe kuzoba. Kuyinto encane ngoba amathebula ezibalo zokufinyelela kwebhulokhi ewodwa aba makhulu kunenani elitholakalayo le-RAM kuzilawuli. Ingasaphathwa yokucindezela/i-tiering. Ake sithi sifuna ukushintsha i-algorithm yokucindezela iye kwenamandla kakhulu futhi cindezela ama-petabytes angama-20 edatha. Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani: izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngonyaka?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungani uzikhathaza uma udinga ukugcina nokucubungula idatha engu-500 GB? Angu-500 kuphela. Ama-SSD Omkhaya (ane-DWPD ephansi) alo sayizi awabizi lutho. Kungani kwakhiwe ifekthri ye-Fiber Channel futhi uthenge amasistimu okugcina angaphandle asezingeni eliphezulu abiza imali elingana nebhuloho lensimbi?
Ingakanani iphesenti lengqikithi yedatha eshisayo? Ingabe umthwalo awulingani ngokwevolumu yedatha? Kulapho ubuchwepheshe besitoreji esinezigaba noma i-Flash Cache bungasiza kakhulu uma inani ledatha eshisayo lilincane uma liqhathaniswa nengqikithi. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ngomthwalo ofanayo kulo lonke ivolumu, evame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zokusakaza (ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlaziya), ubuchwepheshe obunjalo ngeke bunikeze lutho futhi buzokwandisa kuphela izindleko / inkimbinkimbi yesistimu.
IP
Olunye uhlangothi lwedatha uhlelo lolwazi olusebenzisa idatha. I-IS inesethi yezimfuneko ezizuza njengefa idatha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-IS, bona "Idizayini Yesikhungo Sedatha Ebonakalayo."
Izidingo Zokuqina/Ukutholakala
Izidingo zokubekezelela amaphutha / ukutholakala kwedatha zitholwa njengefa ku-IS ezisebenzisayo futhi zivezwa ngezinombolo ezintathu - RPO, I-RTO, ukutholakala.
Ukutholakala - isabelo sesikhathi esithile lapho idatha itholakala ukuze kusetshenzwe nabo. Ngokuvamile ivezwa njengenombolo engu-9. Isibonelo, iziyisishiyagalolunye ezimbili ngonyaka zisho ukuthi ukutholakala kungu-99%, noma kungenjalo amahora angama-95 wokungatholakali ngonyaka avunyelwe. Amahora amathathu - amahora angu-9,5 ngonyaka.
I-RPO / i-RTO akuzona izinkomba eziphelele, kodwa ngesigameko ngasinye (ingozi), ngokungafani nokutholakala.
RPO — inani ledatha elahlekile ngesikhathi sengozi (ngamahora). Isibonelo, uma izipele zenzeka kanye ngosuku, i-RPO = amahora angama-24. Labo. Esimeni senhlekelele nokulahlekelwa okuphelele kwesistimu yokugcina, idatha efika emahoreni angu-24 ingalahleka (kusukela ngesikhathi sokulondoloza). Ngokusekelwe ku-RPO ecaciswe i-IS, isibonelo, kubhalwe imithetho eyisipele. Futhi, ngokusekelwe ku-RPO, ungaqonda ukuthi kungakanani ukuphindaphinda kwedatha okuvumelanayo/okungavumelaniyo okudingekayo.
I-RTO — isikhathi sokubuyisela isevisi (ukufinyelela kudatha) ngemva kwenhlekelele. Ngokusekelwe kunani elinikeziwe le-RTO, singaqonda ukuthi iqoqo le-metro liyadingeka yini, noma ukuthi ukuphindaphinda okungaqondile kwanele. Ingabe udinga isistimu yokugcina izilawuli eziningi zekilasi eliphezulu?
Izidingo Zokusebenza
Nakuba lona kuwumbuzo osobala kakhulu, kulapho obuningi bobunzima buvela khona. Kuye ngokuthi usunalo uhlobo oluthile lwengqalasizinda noma cha, izindlela zokuqoqa izibalo ezidingekayo zizokwakhiwa.
Usuvele unayo isistimu yokugcina futhi ufuna ozongena esikhundleni sayo noma ufuna ukuthenga enye ukuze unwetshwe. Konke kulula lapha. Uyaqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo osuvele unazo futhi ohlela ukuzisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngokusekelwe kumasevisi amanje, unethuba lokuqoqa izibalo zokusebenza. Nquma ngenombolo yamanje ye-IOPS nokubambezeleka kwamanje - yiziphi lezi zinkomba futhi zanele emisebenzini yakho? Lokhu kungenziwa kokubili ohlelweni lokugcinwa kwedatha ngokwalo nakubaphathi abaxhunywe kuyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubheka nje umthwalo wamanje, kodwa esikhathini esithile (mhlawumbe inyanga). Bona ukuthi yiziphi iziqongo eziphezulu phakathi nosuku, ukuthi ikhophi yasenqolobaneni idala ini, njll. Uma isistimu yakho yesitoreji noma isofthiwe yayo ingakunikezi isethi ephelele yale datha, ungasebenzisa i-RRDtool yamahhala, engasebenza nezinhlelo eziningi zokulondoloza ezidume kakhulu namaswishi futhi ingakunikeza izibalo zokusebenza ezinemininingwane. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubheka umthwalo kubasingathi abasebenza nalesi simiso sokulondoloza, semishini ethile ebonakalayo, noma yini ngempela esebenza kulo msingathi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokuhlukana ukuthi uma ukubambezeleka kwevolumu kanye nesitolo sedatha esikule volumu kuhluka kakhulu, kufanele unake inethiwekhi yakho ye-SAN, maningi amathuba okuthi kube nezinkinga ngayo nangaphambi kokuthenga entsha. uhlelo, kufanelekile ukubheka lolu daba , ngoba kunamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okwandisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yamanje.
Wakha ingqalasizinda kusukela ekuqaleni, noma uthenga isistimu yesevisi entsha, imithwalo ongayazi. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa: xhumana nozakwethu ngezinsiza ezikhethekile ukuze uzame ukuthola nokubikezela umthwalo, thintana nomdidiyeli onolwazi ekusebenziseni izinsizakalo ezifanayo futhi ongakwazi ukubala umthwalo wakho. Futhi inketho yesithathu (imvamisa enzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ithinta izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibhalwe ekhaya noma ezingavamile) ukuzama ukuthola izidingo zokusebenza kubathuthukisi bohlelo.
Futhi, sicela uqaphele, inketho elungile kakhulu ngokombono wohlelo lokusebenza umshayeli wemishini yamanje, noma okokusebenza okuhlinzekwe ukuze kuhlolwe ngumthengisi/umhlanganisi.
Izidingo ezikhethekile
Izidingo ezikhethekile yikho konke okungangeni ngaphansi kwezidingo zokusebenza, ukubekezelela amaphutha kanye nokusebenza kokucubungula okuqondile nokuhlinzekwa kwedatha.
Enye yezidingo ezilula ezikhethekile zesistimu yokugcina idatha ingabizwa ngokuthi "imidiya yokugcina i-alienable." Futhi kuvele kucace ngokushesha ukuthi lolu hlelo lokugcina idatha kufanele lufake umtapo wezincwadi noma idrayivu ye-tape lapho kulahlwa khona ikhophi eyisipele. Ngemva kwalokho umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile asayine itheyiphu futhi ngokuziqhenya ayithwale ayiyise endaweni ephephile.
Esinye isibonelo sesidingo esikhethekile umklamo ovikelwe we-shockproof.
Kuphi
Ingxenye yesibili eyinhloko ekukhetheni isistimu ethile yokugcina ulwazi mayelana nokuthi lolu hlelo lokugcina luzotholakala kuphi. Kusuka ku geography noma izimo zezulu, futhi kugcine ngabasebenzi.
Ikhasimende
Lolu hlelo lokulondoloza luhlelelwe bani? Umbuzo unalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
Ikhasimende likahulumeni/izohwebo.
Ikhasimende lezentengiselwano alinayo imingcele futhi aliphoqelekile nokubamba amathenda, ngaphandle kokuthi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yalo yangaphakathi.
Ikhasimende likahulumeni liwudaba oluhlukile. 44 Federal Law kanye nokunye kuthokozela amathenda kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe engaphikiswa.
Ikhasimende lingaphansi kwenswinyo
Nokho, umbuzo lapha ulula kakhulu - ukukhetha kunqunyelwe kuphela okunikezwayo okutholakala kukhasimende elinikeziwe.
Imithetho yangaphakathi / abathengisi / amamodeli avunyelwe ukuthengwa
Umbuzo futhi ulula kakhulu, kodwa udinga ukuwukhumbula.
Lapho ngokomzimba
Kule ngxenye sicubungula zonke izinkinga ngendawo yezwe, iziteshi zokuxhumana, kanye ne-microclimate emagcekeni okuhlala.
Abasebenzi
Ubani ozosebenza nale sistimu yokugcina? Lokhu akubalulekile kangako kunalokho okungenziwa yisistimu yokulondoloza ngokwayo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lokugcina oluvela kumthengisi A luthembisa, lupholile futhi lumangalisa kangakanani, cishe lincane iphuzu lokulufaka uma abasebenzi bazi kuphela ukusebenza nomthengisi B, futhi azikho izinhlelo zokuthenga okwengeziwe nokubambisana okuqhubekayo no-A.
Futhi-ke, olunye uhlangothi lombuzo ukuthi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe batholakala kanjani endaweni ethile eqondile enkampanini futhi okungenzeka basemakethe yezemisebenzi. Ezifundeni, ukukhetha amasistimu okugcina anezindawo zokusebenzelana ezilula noma ikhono lokuhlanganisa ukuphatha ukude kungenza umqondo omkhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesinye isikhathi kungase kube buhlungu kakhulu. I-inthanethi igcwele izindaba ezimayelana nendlela isisebenzi esisha esifike, umfundi wayizolo, alungise into enjalo kangangokuthi ihhovisi lonke lacekelwa phansi.
Imvelo
Futhi-ke, umbuzo obalulekile uwukuthi isiphi imvelo lolu hlelo lokugcina luzosebenza.
- Kuthiwani ngokunikezwa kwamandla/ukupholisa?
- Yini ukuxhumana
- Izofakwa kuphi?
- njll.
Ngokuvamile le mibuzo ithathwa kalula futhi ayicatshangelwa ikakhulukazi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi yiyona engakwazi ukuguqula yonke into.
Yini
Umthengisi
Kusukela namuhla (maphakathi no-2019), imakethe yesitoreji yaseRussia ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-5:
- Isigaba esiphezulu yizinkampani ezisungulwe kahle ezinohlu olubanzi lwamashalofu ediski kusukela kwalula kakhulu kuye kokuphela (HPE, DellEMC, Hitachi, NetApp, IBM / Lenovo)
- Isigaba sesibili - izinkampani ezinomugqa okhawulelwe, abadlali be-niche, abathengisi be-SDS abangathí sina noma abasanda kufika abasafufusa (Fujitsu, Datacore, Infinidat, Huawei, Pure, njll.)
- Isigaba sesithathu - izixazululo ze-niche ezingeni eliphansi, i-SDS eshibhile, imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe esekelwe ku-ceph namanye amaphrojekthi avulekile (Infortrend, Starwind, njll.)
- Ingxenye ye-SOHO - izinhlelo zokugcina ezincane nezincane kakhulu zezinga lehhovisi lasekhaya/amahhovisi amancane (Synology, QNAP, njll.)
- Amasistimu okugcina angenisiwe - lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zesigaba sokuqala ezinamalebula afakwe kabusha, kanye nabameleli abangajwayelekile besibili (i-RAIDIX, sizobanika eyesibili kusengaphambili), kodwa ngokuyinhloko lena ingxenye yesithathu (i-Aerodisk, Baum, Depo, njll.)
Ukuhlukaniswa akunangqondo, futhi akusho nhlobo ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu noma ye-SOHO yimbi futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Kumaphrojekthi athile anesethi yedatha echazwe ngokucacile kanye nephrofayili yokulayisha, angasebenza kahle kakhulu, edlula kude isigaba sokuqala ngokwenani lentengo/ikhwalithi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqale unqume ngezinhloso zakho, amathuba okukhula, kanye nokusebenza okudingekayo - bese i-Synology izokukhonza ngokwethembeka, futhi izinwele zakho zizothambile futhi zibe silky.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile lapho ukhetha umthengisi yindawo yamanje. Mangaki amasistimu okugcina osuvele unawo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokugcina onjiniyela bakho abangasebenza ngazo. Ingabe udinga omunye umthengisi, enye indawo yokuxhumana, ingabe kancane kancane uzothutha wonke umthwalo usuka kumthengisi A uye kumthengisi B?
Umuntu akufanele akhiqize amabhizinisi ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo.
iSCSI/FC/File
Akukho ukuvumelana phakathi konjiniyela odabeni lwezivumelwano zokufinyelela, futhi inkulumo-mpikiswano ifana nezingxoxo zezenkolo eziningi kunezobunjiniyela. Kodwa ngokuvamile, amaphuzu alandelayo angaqashelwa:
FCoE ofile kakhulu kunokuphila.
I-FC vs iSCSI. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-FC ngo-2019 ngaphezu kwesitoreji se-IP, imboni ezinikezele yokufinyelela idatha, ixazululwa yinethiwekhi ye-IP ezinikele. I-FC ayinazo izinzuzo zomhlaba wonke ngaphezu kwamanethiwekhi e-IP, futhi i-IP ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlelo zokugcina zanoma yiliphi izinga lomthwalo, kuze kufike kumasistimu e-DBMS esindayo kusistimu yamabhange eyinhloko yebhange elikhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufa kwe-FC sekuprofethwe iminyaka eminingana manje, kodwa kukhona okuhlala kuyivimbela. Namuhla, ngokwesibonelo, abanye abadlali emakethe yokugcina bathuthukisa ngenkuthalo izinga le-NVMEoF. Ukuthi uzohlanganyela yini isiphetho se-FCoE - isikhathi sizosho.
Ukufinyelela ifayela futhi akuyona into engafanele ukunakwa. I-NFS/CIFS isebenza kahle ezindaweni zokukhiqiza futhi, uma iklanywe kahle, ayinazo izikhalazo kunezivumelwano zokuvimba.
IHybrid / Yonke I-Flash Array
Amasistimu okugcina akudala afika ngezinhlobo ezi-2:
- I-AFA (All Flash Array) - amasistimu alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-SSD.
- I-Hybrid - ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kokubili i-HDD ne-SSD noma inhlanganisela yakho.
Umehluko wabo omkhulu ubuchwepheshe obusekelwayo besitoreji kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza (i-IOPS ephezulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi). Zombili izinhlelo (kuningi lamamodeli wazo, zingabali ingxenye esezingeni eliphansi) zingasebenza njengamadivayisi womabili webhulokhi nefayela. Ukusebenza okusekelwayo kuncike ezingeni lesistimu, futhi kumamodeli amancane kuvame ukuncishiswa kube ileveli encane. Lokhu kufanelekile ukunaka lapho ufunda izici zemodeli ethile, hhayi nje amakhono omugqa wonke uwonke. Futhi, yiqiniso, izici zayo zobuchwepheshe, njengeprosesa, inani lememori, i-cache, inombolo nezinhlobo zamachweba, njll, nazo zincike ezingeni lesistimu. Ngokombono wokuphatha, ama-AFA ahluke ezinhlelweni ze-hybrid (disk) kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo zokusebenza ngamadrayivu e-SSD, futhi noma usebenzisa i-SSD ohlelweni lwe-hybrid, lokhu akusho nhlobo ukuthi uzokwazi. ukufeza izinga lokusebenza ezingeni lesistimu ye-AFA. Futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izindlela zokugcina ezisebenza kahle ezingaphakathi komugqa zikhutshaziwe ezinhlelweni ezihlanganisiwe, futhi ukufakwa kwazo kuholela ekulahlekelweni ekusebenzeni.
Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugcina
Ngokungeziwe ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile zokugcina, ezigxile kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwedatha yokusebenza, kunezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugcina ezinezimiso ezibalulekile ezihluke kakhulu kwezijwayelekile (ukubambezeleka okuphansi, i-IOPS ephezulu):
Imidiya.
Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukugcina nokucubungula amafayela emidiya amakhulu. Phendula. ukubambezeleka kuba yinto engabalulekile, futhi ikhono lokuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngebhendi ebanzi emifudlaneni eminingi ehambisanayo liya phambili.
Iphindaphinda amasistimu okugcina ama-backups.
Njengoba amakhophi ayisipele ehlukaniswa ngokufana kwawo kwamanye, okuyinto eyivelakancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ikhophi eliyisipele elimaphakathi lihluka kunekhophi yayizolo ngo-1-2%), lesi sigaba sezinhlelo sipakisha ngokuyimpumelelo idatha eqoshwe kuzo ngaphakathi kokuncane kakhulu. inombolo yemidiya ebonakalayo. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimo, izilinganiso zokucindezelwa kwedatha zingafinyelela ku-200 kuye ku-1.
Amasistimu okugcina into.
Lezi zinhlelo zokulondoloza azinawo amavolumu avamile wokufinyelela ibhulokhi kanye namasheya efayela, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke afana nesizindalwazi esikhulu. Ukufinyelela entweni egcinwe kusistimu enjalo kwenziwa yisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele noma imethadatha (isibonelo, zonke izinto zefomethi ye-JPEG ezinosuku lokudalwa phakathi kuka-XX-XX-XXXX kanye no-YY-YY-YYYY).
Uhlelo lokuhambisana.
Azivamile eRussia namuhla, kodwa kufanelekile ukusho. Injongo yalawo masistimu okugcina isiqinisekiso sokugcinwa kwedatha ukuze sithobelane nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha noma izimfuneko zokulawula. Amanye amasistimu (ngokwesibonelo i-EMC Centera) asebenzise umsebenzi wokuvimbela ukususwa kwedatha - ngokushesha nje lapho ukhiye ephendulwa futhi isistimu ingena kule modi, akekho umlawuli nanoma ubani omunye ongakwazi ukususa ngokoqobo idatha esirekhodiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe bobunikazi
Inqolobane ye-flash
I-Flash Cache yigama elijwayelekile labo bonke ubuchwepheshe bobunikazi bokusebenzisa imemori ye-flash njengenqolobane yezinga lesibili. Uma usebenzisa i-flash cache, uhlelo lokugcina luvame ukubalwa ukuze lunikeze umthwalo ozinzile ovela kumadiski kazibuthe, kuyilapho ukuphakama kunikezwa inqolobane.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqonda iphrofayili yomthwalo kanye nezinga lokwenziwa kwasendaweni kokufinyelela kumabhulokhi wamavolumu okugcina. Inqolobane ye-Flash iwubuchwepheshe bomthwalo wemisebenzi onemibuzo yendawo, futhi ayisebenzi kumavolumu alayishwe ngokufanayo (njengamasistimu okuhlaziya).
Kukhona ukuqaliswa kwe-flash cache etholakala emakethe:
- Funda kuphela. Kulokhu, idatha yokufunda kuphela igcinwe kunqolobane, futhi ukubhala kuya ngqo kumadiski. Abanye abakhiqizi, njenge-NetApp, bakholelwa ukuthi ukubhala kumasistimu abo okugcina sekuvele kulungile, futhi inqolobane ngeke kusize ngalutho.
- Funda/Bhala. Akukhona ukufunda kuphela, kodwa nokubhala kufakwe kunqolobane, okukuvumela ukuthi uphazamise ukusakaza futhi unciphise umthelela Wesijeziso se-RAID, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwandisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokulondoloza ezinomshini wokubhala ongekho olungile.
I-Tiering
Ukugcinwa kwamazinga amaningi (okukhathalayo) kuwubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa amazinga anamazinga ahlukene okusebenza, njenge-SSD ne-HDD, abe yiphuli yediski eyodwa. Uma kwenzeka ukungalingani okushiwo kokufinyelela kumabhulokhi wedatha, uhlelo luzokwazi ukulinganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amabhulokhi wedatha, ukuhambisa okulayishiwe kuya ezingeni eliphezulu lokusebenza, futhi abandayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuya kancane kancane.
Amasistimu amaHybrid ezigaba eziphansi neziphakathi asebenzisa ukugcinwa kwamazinga amaningi ngedatha ehamba phakathi kwamazinga kushejuli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu bebhulokhi yesitoreji samazinga amaningi wamamodeli angcono kakhulu ngu-256 MB. Lezi zici azisivumeli ukuthi sicabangele ubuchwepheshe besitoreji esinezigaba njengobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa umkhiqizo, njengoba abantu abaningi bekholelwa ngephutha. Ukugcinwa kwamazinga amaningi kumasistimu asezingeni eliphansi naphakathi kuwubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa izindleko zokulondoloza amasistimu anokungalingani okugqamile komthwalo.
Isifinyezo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma kangakanani ngokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokugcina, maningi amathuba okulahlekelwa idatha engaxhomeki ezinkingeni zehadiwe. Lokhu kungaba amagciwane, izigebengu ze-inthanethi noma okunye ukususa/ukonakala kwedatha okungahlosiwe. Ngalesi sizathu, ukwenza isipele idatha yokukhiqiza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wonjiniyela.
Isifinyezo siyisithombe esifinyeziwe sevolumu ngesikhathi esithile. Lapho usebenza namasistimu amaningi, njenge-virtualization, imininingwane yolwazi, njll. sidinga ukuthatha isifinyezo esinjalo lapho sizokopisha khona idatha siye ekhophini eyisipele, kuyilapho i-IS yethu izokwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuphepha isebenza ngale volumu. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-snapshots awusizo ngokulinganayo. Abathengisi abahlukene banezindlela ezihlukene zokwenza izifinyezo ezihlobene nezakhiwo zabo.
I-CoW (Kopisha-Ubhale). Uma uzama ukubhala i-block yedatha, okuqukethwe kwayo kwangempela kukopishwa endaweni ekhethekile, emva kwalokho ukubhala kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukonakala kwedatha ngaphakathi kwesifinyezo. Ngokwemvelo, konke lokhu kukhohlisa kwedatha "ye-parasitic" kubangela umthwalo owengeziwe kusistimu yokugcina futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abathengisi abanokuqaliswa okufanayo abancomi ukusebenzisa izifinyezo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, futhi ungazisebenzisi nhlobo kumavolumu alayishwe kakhulu.
Umugqa (Ukuqondisa kabusha ekubhaleni). Kulesi simo, ivolumu yangempela iqhwa ngokwemvelo, futhi lapho uzama ukubhala ibhulokhi yedatha, isistimu yokugcina ibhala idatha endaweni ekhethekile endaweni yamahhala, ishintsha indawo yale block etafuleni lemethadatha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani lemisebenzi yokubhala kabusha, okugcina kuqede ukwehla kokusebenza futhi kususe imikhawulo kuzifinyezo nenombolo yazo.
Izifinyezo nazo ziyizinhlobo ezimbili maqondana nezinhlelo zokusebenza:
Ukungaguquguquki kohlelo lokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokwenza isifinyezo, isistimu yokugcina idonsa i-ejenti ohlelweni lokusebenza lomthengi, olususa ngenkani izinqolobane zediski kusuka kumemori kuya kudiski futhi luphoqelele uhlelo lokusebenza ukwenza lokhu. Kulesi simo, lapho ubuyisela kusuka kusifinyezo, idatha izohambisana.
Ukuphahlazeka okungaguquki. Kulokhu, akwenzeki lutho olunjalo futhi isifinyezo senziwa njengoba sinjalo. Endabeni yokutholwa kwesifinyezo esinjalo, isithombe siyefana nalokho obekungenzeka uma amandla avalwa ngokuzumayo futhi nokulahlekelwa okuthile kwedatha kungenzeka, kubhajwe kuma-caches futhi angalokothi afinyelele idiski. Izifinyezo ezinjalo kulula ukuzisebenzisa futhi azibangeli ukuwohloka kokusebenza ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, kodwa azithembeki kangako.
Kungani zidingeka izifinyezo ezinhlelweni zokugcina?
- Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphandle komenzeli ngokuqondile ohlelweni lokugcina
- Dala izindawo zokuhlola ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela
- Endabeni yezinhlelo zokugcina amafayela, ingasetshenziswa ukudala izindawo ze-VDI ngokusebenzisa izifinyezo zesistimu yokugcina esikhundleni se-hypervisor.
- Qinisekisa ama-RPO aphansi ngokudala izifinyezo ezihleliwe ngemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu kunemvamisa yokwenza isipele
I-Cloning
I-volume cloning - isebenza ngesimiso esifanayo njengezifinyezo, kodwa ayisetshenziselwa ukufunda idatha kuphela, kodwa nokusebenza nayo ngokugcwele. Siyakwazi ukuthola ikhophi enembile yevolumu yethu, nayo yonke idatha ekuyo, ngaphandle kokwenza ikhophi ebonakalayo, ezosindisa isikhala. Ngokuvamile, i-volume cloning isetshenziswa ku-Test&Dev noma uma ufuna ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinye izibuyekezo ku-IS yakho. I-Cloning izokuvumela ukuthi wenze lokhu ngokushesha nangokwezomnotho ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwemithombo yediski, ngoba Kuzobhalwa kuphela amabhulokhi edatha ashintshiwe.
Ukuphindaphinda / Ukubhala
Ukuphindaphinda kuyindlela yokwenza ikhophi yedatha kwenye isistimu yokugcina ephathekayo. Ngokuvamile, umthengisi ngamunye unobuchwepheshe bobunikazi obusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi komugqa wakhe. Kodwa futhi kukhona izixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisebenza ezingeni le-hypervisor, njenge-VMware vSphere Replication.
Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bobunikazi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwabo kuvame ukuba phezulu kakhulu kunobomhlaba jikelele, kodwa kuvele kungasasebenzi uma, ngokwesibonelo, kudingekile ukwenza isifaniso sisuka ku-NetApp siye ku-HP MSA.
Ukuphindaphinda kuhlukaniswe ngama-subtypes amabili:
Kuyavumelaniswa. Endabeni yokuphindaphinda okuhambisanayo, umsebenzi wokubhala uthunyelwa kusistimu yokugcina yesibili ngokushesha futhi ukubulawa akuqinisekisiwe kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwesitoreji esikude siqinisekisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubambezeleka kokufinyelela kuyanda, kodwa sinekhophi yesibuko esinembile sedatha. Labo. I-RPO = 0 uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwesistimu yokugcina enkulu.
asynchronous. Imisebenzi yokubhala yenziwa kuphela ohlelweni lokulondoloza oluyinhloko futhi iqinisekiswa ngokushesha, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo inqwabelana kubhafa yokudluliselwa kwenqwaba kusistimu yesitoreji esikude. Lolu hlobo lokuphindaphinda lubalulekile kudatha engabalulekile kangako, noma kumashaneli anomkhawulokudonsa ophansi noma ukubambezeleka okuphezulu (okujwayelekile kumabanga angaphezu kuka-100 km). Ngokufanelekile, i-RPO = imvamisa yokuthumela iphakethe.
Ngokuvamile, kanye nokuphindaphinda, kunomshini ukugawula imisebenzi disk. Kulokhu, indawo ekhethekile yabelwe imisebenzi yokungena nokuqopha ukujula okuthile ngesikhathi, noma kunqunyelwe umthamo welogi, kugcinwa. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthile bobunikazi, obufana ne-EMC RecoverPoint, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa nesofthiwe yesistimu ekuvumela ukuthi uxhumanise amabhukumaka athile ekufakweni kwelogi ethile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukubuyisela emuva isimo sevolumu (noma udale i-clone) hhayi nje ku-April 23, amahora angu-11 59 isekhondi 13 millisecond, kodwa kuze kube isikhashana ngaphambi kokuthi "DULA WONKE AMATHEBULA; ZINIKELA.”
Iqoqo leMetro
I-Metro cluster iwubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi udale ukuphindaphinda okuvumelanayo kwe-bidirectional phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili zokugcina ngendlela yokuthi ngaphandle kwalokhu kubhanqwa kubukeke njengesistimu eyodwa yokugcina. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha amaqoqo anezingalo ezihlukene ngokwezindawo emabangeni e-metro (ngaphansi kwe-100 km).
Ngokusekelwe esibonelweni sokusetshenziswa endaweni ye-virtualization, i-metrocluster ikuvumela ukuthi udale i-datastore enemishini ebonakalayo, efinyeleleka ekurekhodweni kusuka ezikhungweni zedatha ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kulokhu, iqoqo liyakhiwa ezingeni le-hypervisor, elihlanganisa ababungazi ezikhungweni zedatha yenyama ehlukene, exhunywe kulesi sitolo sedatha. Okukuvumela ukuthi wenze okulandelayo:
- I-automation egcwele yenqubo yokutakula ngemva kokushona kwesinye sezikhungo zedatha. Ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimali ezengeziwe, wonke ama-VM asebenza esikhungweni sedatha esishonile azoqalwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwesisele. I-RTO = isikhathi sokuvala seqoqo lokutholakala okuphezulu (imizuzwana engu-15 ye-VMware) + isikhathi sokulayisha isistimu yokusebenza nokuqalisa izinsiza.
- Ukugwema izinhlekelele noma, ngesiRashiya, ukugwema izinhlekelele. Uma umsebenzi wokunikezwa kwamandla uhlelwe esikhungweni sedatha 1, khona-ke kusengaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale, sinethuba lokuthuthela wonke umthwalo obalulekile esikhungweni sedatha 2 esingami.
I-Virtualization
I-Virtualization yesitoreji ngokobuchwepheshe ukusetshenziswa kwamavolumu asuka kwenye isistimu yokugcina njengamadiski. I-virtualizer yesitoreji ingamane idlulisele ivolumu yomunye umuntu kumthengi njengeyakhe, ngesikhathi esifanayo iyenze isibuko kwenye isistimu yokugcina, noma idale i-RAID evela kumavolumu angaphandle.
Abameleli bakudala ekilasini le-virtualization yesitoreji yi-EMC VPLEX ne-IBM SVC. Futhi-ke, amasistimu okugcina anokusebenza kokubonakalayo - NetApp, Hitachi, IBM / Lenovo Storwize.
Kungani kungase kudingeke?
- Ukungadingeki ezingeni lesistimu yesitoreji. Isibuko senziwa phakathi kwamavolumu, futhi ingxenye eyodwa ingaba ku-HP 3Par, kanti enye ku-NetApp. Futhi i-virtualizer ivela ku-EMC.
- Hambisa idatha ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuncane phakathi kwamasistimu okugcina avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Ake sicabange ukuthi idatha idinga ukuthuthwa isuka ku-3Par endala, ezosulwa, iye ku-Dell entsha. Kulesi simo, abathengi banqanyuliwe ku-3Par, amavolumu adluliselwa ngaphansi kwe-VPLEX futhi ethulwa kubathengi futhi. Njengoba kungashintshile nakancane kuvolumu, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka. Inqubo yokwenza isibuko ivolumu ku-Dell entsha iqala ngemuva, futhi lapho isiqediwe, isibuko siphukile futhi i-3Par ivaliwe.
- Inhlangano yama-metrocluster.
Ukucindezela/ukuncishiswa
Ukuminyanisa nokukhishwa kwesibili ubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi wonge isikhala sediski ohlelweni lwakho lokugcina. Kuhle ukusho zisuka nje ukuthi akuyona yonke idatha engaphansi kokucindezelwa kanye/noma ukuncishiswa ngokomthetho, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zedatha zicindezelwa futhi ziphindaphindwa kangcono, kanti ezinye - ngokuphambene nalokho.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zokucindezelwa nokuhlehlisa:
Emugqeni - Ukucindezelwa kanye nokukhishwa kwamabhulokhi wedatha kwenzeka ngaphambi kokubhala le datha kudiski. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lubala kuphela i-hash ye-block futhi iqhathanise etafuleni nalezi ezikhona. Okokuqala, kuyashesha kunokubhalela nje kudiski, futhi okwesibili, asimoshi isikhala sediski esengeziwe.
Thumela - lapho le misebenzi yenziwa kudatha erekhodiwe kakade etholakala kumadiski. Ngakho-ke, idatha ibhalwa kuqala kudiski, futhi kuphela lapho i-hashi ibalwa futhi amabhulokhi angadingekile ayasuswa futhi izinsiza zediski ziyakhululwa.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi abathengisi abaningi basebenzisa zombili izinhlobo, okubavumela ukuba bathuthukise lezi zinqubo futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakhulise ukusebenza kahle kwabo. Abathengisi abaningi besitoreji banezinsiza ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye amasethi wakho wedatha. Lezi zinsiza zisebenza ngokomqondo ofanayo osetshenziswa ohlelweni lwesitoreji, ngakho izinga elilinganiselwe lokusebenza kahle lizofana. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi abathengisi abaningi banezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ezithembisa okungenani njengokusebenza okuhle kwezinhlobo ezithile zedatha (noma zonke). Futhi akufanele udebeselele lolu hlelo, ngoba ngokubala uhlelo lwemisebenzi yakho, ucabangela i-coefficient esebenzayo yesistimu ethile, ungagcina ngevolumu. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe izinhlelo ze-AFA, kodwa ngenxa yokuthengwa kwevolumu encane ye-SSD kune-HDD ezinhlelweni zakudala, lokhu kuzonciphisa izindleko zabo, futhi uma zingalingani nezindleko zesistimu yediski, khona-ke. sondela kuyo impela.
Imodeli
Futhi lapha siza embuzweni olungile.
“Banginikeza izinketho ezimbili zokugcina - i-ABC SuperStorage S600 ne-XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, yini oyitusayo?”
Iphenduka ibe “Lapha banginikeza izinketho ezimbili zokugcina - i-ABC SuperStorage S600 ne-XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, yini oyitusayo?
Umthwalo oqondiwe uyimishini ebonakalayo ye-VMware exubile enezihibe zokukhiqiza/zokuhlola/zokuthuthukisa. Isivivinyo = khiqiza. 150 TB ngayinye enokusebenza okuphezulu okungu-80 IOPS 000kb vimba 8% ukufinyelela okungahleliwe 50/80 funda-bhala. 20 TB yentuthuko, 300 IOPS kwanele, 50 okungahleliwe, 000 ukubhala.
Ukukhiqiza cishe ku-metrocluster RPO = imizuzu engu-15 i-RTO = ihora elingu-1, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphindaphinda okungafaniyo kwe-RPO = amahora angu-3, ukuhlolwa endaweni eyodwa.
Kuzoba ne-50TB DBMS, ukugawula kungaba kuhle kubo.
Sinamaseva akwa-Dell yonke indawo, amasistimu okugcina e-Hitachi amadala, awakwazi ukumelana nalokhu, sihlela ukukhulisa umthwalo ngo-50% ngokwevolumu nokusebenza.”
Njengoba besho, umbuzo owenziwe kahle uqukethe i-80% yempendulo.
ulwazi olwengeziwe
Yini okufanele ufunde ngaphezu kwalokho ngokusho kwababhali
Amabhuku
- U-Olifer no-Olifer "Amanethiwekhi Ekhompyutha". Incwadi izosiza ukuhlela futhi mhlawumbe nokuqonda kangcono ukuthi indlela yokudlulisa idatha yezinhlelo zokugcina ze-IP / Ethernet isebenza kanjani
- "I-EMC Information Storage and Management." Incwadi enhle kakhulu yezisekelo zezinhlelo zokugcina, ama-whys, hows and whyfores.
Izinkundla nezingxoxo
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
Uhlu lwamanani
Manje, mayelana nezintengo - ngokuvamile, uma kunezintengo zezinhlelo zokulondoloza, ngokuvamile ziwuhlu lwamanani, lapho ikhasimende ngalinye lithola khona isaphulelo ngasinye. Usayizi wesaphulelo uqukethe inani elikhulu lamapharamitha, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi iyiphi intengo yokugcina inkampani yakho ezoyithola ngaphandle kokubuza umsabalalisi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amamodeli akamuva aphansi aseqalile ukuvela ezitolo zekhompiyutha ezivamile, njengokuthi, isibonelo noma . Lapha ungakwazi ukuthenga ngokushesha uhlelo oluthandayo ngentengo engashintshi, njenganoma yiziphi izingxenye zekhompyutha.
Kodwa ngingathanda ukuqaphela zisuka nje ukuthi ukuqhathanisa ngokuqondile kwe-TB/$ akulungile. Uma sisondela kulo kusuka kulo mbono, khona-ke isisombululo esishibhile sizoba iseva ye-JBOD + elula, engeke inikeze noma ngabe ukuguquguquka noma ukwethembeka okuhlinzekwa uhlelo olugcwele olugcwele, lwe-double-controller storage system. Lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi i-JBOD iyanyanyisa futhi iyiqhinga elingcolile elibi, udinga nje ukuthi uphinde uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi uzosisebenzisa kanjani futhi ngaziphi izinjongo lesi sixazululo. Ungavame ukuzwa ukuthi akukho lutho oluzophulwa ku-JBOD, kunendiza eyodwa kuphela engemuva. Nokho, izindiza ezingemuva nazo ngezinye izikhathi ziyehluleka. Konke kuphuka ngokushesha noma kamuva.
Inani
Kudingekile ukuqhathanisa izinhlelo nomunye nomunye hhayi kuphela ngentengo, noma hhayi kuphela ngokusebenza, kodwa ngokuphelele kwazo zonke izinkomba.
Thenga i-HDD kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi udinga i-HDD. Ngemithwalo ephansi nezinhlobo zedatha ezingenakuqhathaniswa, ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuphendukela ezinhlelweni zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitoreji se-SSD, iningi labathengisi abanalo manje (futhi basebenza ngempela, ngisho naseRussia), kodwa konke kuncike kuzinhlelo zokusebenza nedatha ezotholakala. kulolu hlelo lokugcina.
Ungahambi ngemali eshibhile. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifihla izikhathi eziningi ezingemnandi, esinye sazo esichazwe ngu-Evgeniy Elizarov ezihlokweni zakhe mayelana . Futhi ukuthi, ekugcineni, lokhu kushibhile kungakubuyisela emuva kuwe. Ungakhohlwa - "umkhohlisi ukhokha kabili."
Umthombo: www.habr.com