Sawubona Habr!
Ngo-2017, phakathi noLwesihlanu Olumnyama, umthwalo ukhuphuke cishe isikhathi esisodwa nengxenye, futhi amaseva ethu ayesemkhawulweni wawo. Ngokuhamba konyaka, inani lamaklayenti liye lakhula kakhulu, futhi kwacaca ukuthi ngaphandle kokulungiselela ngokucophelela kokuqala, isiteji singase singamelani nemithwalo ye-2018.
Sizibekele umgomo obaluleke kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka: besifuna ukulungela ngokugcwele noma yikuphi, ngisho nokunamandla kakhulu, ukwanda komsebenzi futhi saqala ukwethula amakhono amasha kusengaphambili unyaka wonke.
U-CTO wethu u-Andrey Chizh () isitshela ukuthi silungiselele kanjani i-Black Friday 2018, yiziphi izinyathelo esizithathile ukuze sigweme ukuwa, futhi, yiqiniso, imiphumela yalokhu kulungiselelwa ngokucophelela.
Namuhla ngifuna ukukhuluma ngamalungiselelo e-Black Friday 2018. Kungani manje, lapho ukuthengisa okuningi okuyinhloko kusemva kwethu? Saqala ukulungiselela cishe unyaka ngaphambi kwemicimbi emikhulu, futhi ngokuzama nangephutha sathola isisombululo esifanele. Sincoma ukuthi unakekele amasizini ashisayo kusenesikhathi futhi uvimbele imikhonyovu engase ivele ngesikhathi esingafanele.
Indaba izoba wusizo kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna ukucindezela inzuzo enkulu kumasheya anjalo, ngoba Uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lwendaba alukho ngaphansi kohlangothi lokumaketha lapha.
Izici zethrafikhi ekuthengisweni okukhulu
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, uLwesihlanu Olumnyama alulona nje usuku olulodwa ngonyaka, kodwa cishe isonto lonke: okunikezwayo kwesaphulelo sokuqala kufika ezinsukwini ezingu-7-8 ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Umthamo wewebhusayithi uqala ukukhula kahle isonto lonke, ufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngoLwesihlanu futhi wehle kakhulu ngoMgqibelo ukuya kumazinga ajwayelekile esitolo.
Lokhu kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa: izitolo eziku-inthanethi ziba bucayi kakhulu kunoma yikuphi "ukwehla kwejubane" ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulayini wethu wezincwadi zezindaba ze-imeyili uphinde wabhekana nokwanda okukhulu kwenani lokuthunyelwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sidlule ku-Black Friday ngaphandle kwezingozi, ngoba... Ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu kwamawebhusayithi nezincwadi zezindaba zesitolo kuncike ekusebenzeni kweplatifomu, okungukuthi:
- Ukulandelela nokukhipha izincomo zomkhiqizo,
- Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezihlobene (ngokwesibonelo, izithombe zokwakheka kwamabhulokhi wokuncoma, njengemicibisholo, amalogo, izithonjana nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo),
- Ukunikeza izithombe zomkhiqizo ezinosayizi odingekayo (ngalezi zinhloso sine-βImageResizerβ - isistimu engaphansi elanda isithombe kusuka kuseva yesitolo, isicindezele sibe usayizi odingekayo futhi, ngamaseva okugcinwa kunqolobane, ikhiqize izithombe ezinosayizi odingekayo womkhiqizo ngamunye ibhulogi ngayinye yokuncoma).
Eqinisweni, ngo-Black Friday 2019, umthwalo wesevisi ukhuphuke ngo-40%, i.e. inani lezehlakalo ezilandelwa uhlelo lwe-Retail Rocket kanye nezinqubo kumasayithi esitolo se-inthanethi liye landa kusuka ku-5 kuya kuzicelo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa yokuthi sasilungiselela imithwalo enzima kakhulu, sasinda kalula ekukhuphukeni okunjalo.
Ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile
ULwesihlanu Olumnyama yisikhathi esimatasa sazo zonke izitolo kanye ne-e-commerce ikakhulukazi. Inani labasebenzisi nomsebenzi wabo ngalesi sikhathi likhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke thina, njengenjwayelo, sisilungiselele kahle lesi sikhathi esimatasa. Ake sengeze lapha iqiniso lokuthi sinezitolo eziningi ze-intanethi ezixhumene hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa naseYurophu, lapho injabulo iphakeme kakhulu, futhi sithola izinga lothando libi kakhulu kunochungechunge lwaseBrazil. Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kulungiselelwe ngokugcwele imithwalo eyengeziwe?
Ukusebenza namaseva
Okokuqala, bekudingeka ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela esiyidingayo ukuze sikhulise amandla eseva. Kakade ngo-August, saqala uku-oda amaseva amasha ngokukhethekile Black Friday - isiyonke sengeze imishini 10 eyengeziwe. NgoNovemba base belwa ngokugcwele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminye yemishini yokwakha yaphinde yafakwa ukuze isetshenziswe njengeziphakeli zohlelo. Ngokushesha sabalungiselela ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ehlukene: kokubili ukukhipha izincomo kanye nesevisi ye-ImageResizer, ukuze, kuye ngohlobo lomthwalo, ngayinye yazo isetshenziselwe enye yalezi zindima. Ngemodi evamile, amaseva we-Application kanye ne-ImageResizer anemisebenzi echazwe ngokucacile: izincomo zodaba lwangaphambilini, izithombe zokunikezela zakamuva zezinhlamvu namabhulokhi ezincomo kumawebhusayithi okuthenga aku-inthanethi. Ukulungiselela uLwesihlanu Olumnyama, kunqunywe ukuthi kwenziwe wonke amaseva anezinjongo ezimbili ukuze kulinganiswe ithrafikhi phakathi kwawo kuye ngohlobo lokulanda.
Sabe sengeza amaseva amabili amakhulu e-Kafka (Apache Kafka) futhi sathola iqoqo lemishini engu-5 enamandla. Ngeshwa, yonke into ayizange ihambe kahle ngendlela esingathanda ngayo: ngesikhathi sokuvumelanisa idatha, imishini emibili emisha yathatha ububanzi besiteshi senethiwekhi, futhi kwadingeka sithole ngokushesha ukuthi singayenza kanjani inqubo yokwengeza ngokushesha nangokuphepha yonke ingqalasizinda. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, abaphathi bethu kwadingeka banikele ngesibindi izimpela sonto zabo.
Ukusebenza ngedatha
Ngokungeziwe kumaseva, sinqume ukuthuthukisa amafayela ukuze sinciphise umthwalo futhi isinyathelo esikhulu kithi kwaba ukuhunyushwa kwamafayela amile. Wonke amafayela amile abekade asingathwe kumaseva ahanjiswe ku-S3 + Cloudfront. Sekuyisikhathi eside sifuna ukwenza lokhu, njengoba umthwalo kuseva wawuseduze namanani omkhawulo, futhi manje sekuvele ithuba elikhulu.
Isonto ngaphambi koLwesihlanu Olumnyama, senyuse isikhathi sokugcinwa kwesithombe saba yizinsuku ezi-3, ukuze kuthi uma i-ImageResizer iphahlazeka, izithombe ezifakwe kunqolobane yangaphambilini zizobuyiswa ku-cdn. Kuphinde kwehlise umthwalo kumaseva ethu, njengoba isikhathi eside sigcinwa isithombe, sincane kakhulu isidingo sokuthi sisebenzise izinsiza ekushintsheni usayizi.
Futhi okokugcina: ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngaphambi koLwesihlanu Olumnyama, kwamenyezelwa isimemezelo sokumiswa kwanoma yikuphi ukusebenza okusha, kanye nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi nengqalasizinda - konke ukunakwa kuhloselwe ukubhekana nemithwalo eyengeziwe.
Izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo ezinzima
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulungiswa kusezingeni eliphezulu kangakanani, ama-fakaps ayenzeka njalo. Futhi senze izinhlelo zokuphendula ezi-3 ezimweni ezibucayi ezingaba khona:
- ukunciphisa umthwalo,
- ukukhubaza ezinye izinkonzo,
- ukuvala ukuvala kwesevisi.
Uhlelo A: Yehlisa umthwalo. Bekumele yenziwe isebenze uma, ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo, iziphakeli zethu zedlulele izikhathi zokuphendula ezamukelekile. Kulokhu, silungiselele izindlela zokunciphisa kancane kancane umthwalo ngokushintsha ingxenye yethrafikhi kumaseva e-Amazon, azomane aphendule zonke izicelo ngokuthi "200 OK" futhi anikeze impendulo engenalutho. Saqonda ukuthi lokhu bekuwukucekelwa phansi kwekhwalithi yesevisi, kodwa ukukhetha phakathi kokuthi isevisi ayisebenzi nhlobo noma ayibonisi izincomo cishe ku-10% wethrafikhi kusobala.
Uhlelo B: Khubaza izinsiza. Isho ukucekelwa phansi kwenkonzo. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa isivinini sokubala izincomo zomuntu siqu ukuze kuthulwe izizindalwazi ezithile neziteshi zokuxhumana. Kwimodi evamile, izincomo zibalwa ngesikhathi sangempela, zenza inguqulo ehlukile yesitolo se-intanethi yesivakashi ngasinye, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo owengeziwe, ukunciphisa isivinini kuvumela ezinye izinsizakalo eziyinhloko ukuthi ziqhubeke nokusebenza.
Plan C: uma kwenzeka i-Armagedoni. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okuphelele kwesistimu, silungiselele uhlelo oluzosivumela ukuthi sinqanyulwe ngokuphephile kumakhasimende ethu. Abathengi besitolo bazovele bayeke ukubona izincomo; ukusebenza kwesitolo se-inthanethi ngeke kuhlupheke nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuze senze lokhu, kuzodingeka sisethe kabusha ifayela lethu lokuhlanganisa ukuze abasebenzisi abasha bayeke ukusebenzisana nesevisi. Okusho ukuthi, sizokhubaza ikhodi yethu yokulandelela eyinhloko, isevisi izoyeka ukuqoqa idatha nokubala izincomo, futhi umsebenzisi uzovele abone ikhasi ngaphandle kwamabhulokhi ezincomo. Kubo bonke abake bathola ifayela lokuhlanganisa ngaphambilini, sinikeze inketho yokushintsha irekhodi le-DNS liye e-Amazon kanye ne-200 OK stub.
Imiphumela
Sawusingatha wonke umthwalo ngisho nangaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa imishini yokwakha eyengeziwe. Futhi ngenxa yokulungiselela kusengaphambili, asizange sidinge noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokuphendula ezithuthukisiwe. Kodwa wonke umsebenzi owenziwe ungokuhlangenwe nakho okuyigugu okuzosisiza ukuba sibhekane nokuthutheleka okungalindelekile nokukhulu kwezimoto.
Kusukela ngo-2017, umthwalo wesevisi ukhuphuke ngo-40%, futhi inani labasebenzisi ezitolo ze-intanethi likhuphuke ngo-60% ngo-Black Friday. Bonke ubunzima namaphutha kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokulungiselela, okusisindise thina namakhasimende ethu ezimeni ebezingalindelekile.
Ubhekana kanjani neBlack Friday? Uzilungiselela kanjani imithwalo ebucayi?
Source: www.habr.com