Amadivayisi we-Apple anesici esihle kakhulu se-Airdrop - senzelwe ukuthumela idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi. Kulokhu, akukho ukusethwa noma ukumataniswa kokuqala kwamadivayisi okudingekile; yonke into isebenza ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngokuchofoza kabili. Isengezo nge-Wi-Fi sisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha, ngakho-ke idatha idluliswa ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usebenzisa amanye amaqhinga, awukwazi ukuthumela amafayela kuphela, kodwa futhi uthole inombolo yocingo yomuntu osemotweni efanayo nawe.
Sekuphele unyaka wonke ngisebenzisa lo msebenzi ukuze ngijwayelane nabantu abathakazelisayo endleleni eya emsebenzini, kwezokuthutha zomphakathi nasezindaweni zokudla zomphakathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngiyakwazi ukujwayelana nabantu abasha abambalwa ngosuku, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngishiya isitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ngihamba nomuntu omusha.
Ngaphansi kokusikwa ngizokutshela ngawo wonke ama-persimmons.
Isebenza kanjani i-AirDrop?
I-AirDrop iyiphrothokholi yokudlulisa amafayela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yontanga kuya kontanga. Ingasebenza kokubili kunethiwekhi yendawo evamile kanye nomoya phakathi kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-Apple. Sizohlaziya icala lokugcina, lapho amadivaysi amabili engaxhunyiwe kunethiwekhi evamile, kodwa aseduze nje, isibonelo, abantu ababili abanamafoni bahamba ngemoto engaphansi komhlaba futhi abaxhunyiwe ku-Wi-Fi evamile.
Isigaba sokuqala sokudluliswa kwe-AirDrop ukuthumela iphakethe le-BLE
Ukuqala ukudluliswa kwedatha nge-AirDrop, ifoni yomqalisi ithumela iphakethe lokusakaza le-BLE, eliqukethe imininingwane esheshayo mayelana ne-akhawunti ye-iCloud nenombolo yocingo yomnikazi wemishini yomqalisi, ngesiphakamiso sokusungula ukuxhumana nge-AWDL (Apple Wireless Direct Link). ) umthetho olandelwayo, into efana ne-Wi-Fi. Fi Direct kusukela emhlabeni we-Android. Isakhiwo saleli phakethe le-BLE siyathakazelisa kakhulu, sizoyihlaziya ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngasohlangothini lomamukeli, i-AirDrop ingaba ezifundeni ezintathu:
- Kucishiwe - ngeke kubonwe nhlobo
- Oxhumana nabo kuphela β Yamukela amafayela kuphela koxhumene nabo ebhukwini lakho lamakheli. Kulokhu, othintana naye uthathwa njengenombolo yocingo noma i-imeyili lapho i-akhawunti ye-icloud ixhunywe khona. Umqondo ofanayo wokuxhumanisa ama-akhawunti usebenza lapha njenge-iMessages messenger.
- Kuzo zonke - ifoni izobonakala kuwo wonke umuntu
Izilungiselelo zobumfihlo ze-AirDrop. Isimo esimisiwe sisethwe ukuze sithi βOxhumana naboβ.
Kuye ngezilungiselelo zakho zobumfihlo, ifoni izoqhubeka nokusungula uxhumano nge-AWDL noma imane indibe iphakethe le-BLE. Uma i-AirDrop isethelwe kokuthi "yawo wonke umuntu", esinyathelweni esilandelayo amadivayisi azoxhuma wodwa nge-AWDL, enze inethiwekhi ye-IPv6 phakathi kwawo, lapho i-AirDrop izosebenza njengephrothokholi yohlelo lokusebenza evamile isebenzisa i-mDNS phezu kwephrothokholi ye-IP evamile.
Ngokuhlolwa, ungabuka ukuthi i-AWDL isebenza kanjani ku-MacBook. Konke ukushintshana ngaphansi kwale phrothokholi kwenzeka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo awu 0, okungathathwa kalula kusetshenziswa i-Wireshark noma i-tcpdump.
Kulesi sigaba sazi izinhlangano ezintathu:
I-Bluetooth LowEnergy (BLE) iphakheji - leli phakethe liqukethe idatha esekelwe lapho ifoni inquma ukuthi umqalisi usohlwini lwayo loxhumana nabo noma cha.
I-Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) β indawo yokuphathelene ye-Wi-Fi Direct evela kwa-Apple, yenziwe yasebenza uma ukuxhumana nge-BLE kube yimpumelelo.
I-AirDrop - iphrothokholi yohlelo lokusebenza esebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi evamile ye-IP isebenzisa i-mDNS, i-HTTP, njll. Ingasebenza ngaphakathi kwanoma iyiphi inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet.
Isakhiwo sephakethe le-BLE
Kungase kubonakale sengathi leli phakethe le-BLE lindiza kanye kuphela lisuka kusiqalisi liye kumamukeli, bese ukushintshana kwenzeka kuphela nge-AWDL. Eqinisweni, uxhumano lwe-AWDL lunesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila, imizuzu embalwa kuphela noma ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, uma umamukeli wefayela efuna ukukuphendula, uzophinde abe ngumqalisi futhi athumele iphakethe le-BLE.
Ifoni etholakala engxenyeni yokwamukela iqonda kanjani ukuthi inombolo/i-imeyili yomqalisi isohlwini lwayo lokuxhumana noma cha? Ngamangala kakhulu lapho ngithola impendulo: umqalisi uthumela inombolo yakhe kanye ne-imeyili njenge-hash sha256, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela amabhayithi amathathu okuqala.
Ukwakheka kwephakethe le-BLE kusuka kusiqalisi se-AirDrop. Ngokusebenzisa ama-hashes asuka kunombolo yocingo kanye ne-imeyili, ophendulayo uyaqonda ukuthi umqalisi ukusohlwini lwakhe lokuxhumana.
Isibonelo, uma i-akhawunti yakho ye-Apple (aka iCloud, aka iMessages) ixhunywe kwinombolo ethi +79251234567, i-hashi evela kuyo izobalwa kanje:
echo -n "+79251234567" | shasum -a 256
07de58621e5d274f5844b6663a918a94cfd0502222ec2adee0ae1aed148def36
Futhi ngenxa yalokho, inani ephaketheni le-BLE lizondiza lihambe 07de58 ngenombolo yocingo. Lokhu kubonakala kungenele, kodwa ngokuvamile lawa mabhayithi amathathu anele ukuthola inombolo yocingo yangempela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulungiselelwa kobumfihlo kwe-AirDrop ayithinti idatha esephaketheni le-BLE. I-hashi yenombolo yocingo izoqukethwe kuyo, ngisho noma isilungiselelo esithi βWonke umuntuβ sisethiwe. Futhi, iphakethe le-BLE eline-hashi yenombolo yocingo lithunyelwa lapho iwindi Lokwabelana livuliwe nalapho iphasiwedi yenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ifakiwe.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo samaphakethe e-BLE kanye nokuhlaselwa okungenzeka kuwo, funda ucwaningo kanye nesiRashiya .
Ucwaningo lwe-Apple Bleee lushicilele imibhalo ye-python eseyenziwe ngomumo yokuhlaziya idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kumaphakheji we-BLE. Ngincoma kakhulu ukuhlola ucwaningo nokuzama izinhlelo, kunezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo laphaya.
I-AWDL (Apple Wireless Direct Link)
I-AWDL iyisengezo esiphathelene ne-Apple ku-Wi-Fi evamile esebenzisa okuthile okufana ne-Wi-Fi Direct. Angazi ngokugcwele ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kunendlela ekhethekile yokumemezela nokuxhumanisa iziteshi, futhi isebenza kuphela kubashayeli be-Apple abangabanikazi. Okusho ukuthi, ama-MacBook/iPhone kuphela angaxhuma nge-AWDL.
Abanikazi befoni be-Android abadabukisayo basaphupha kuphela ngomsebenzi osebenza kahle we-Wi-Fi Direct.
Kodwa hhayi kudala abafana abavela wabhala ukuqaliswa komthombo ovulekile ngokuphelele we-AWDL futhi wayibiza (ISIKHOVA). Ukuze usebenzise i-OWL, i-adaptha ye-Wi-Fi kufanele isekele imodi yokuqapha kanye nomjovo wephakethe, ngakho ayisebenzi kuzo zonke izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha. Isayithi linezibonelo zokucushwa ku-Raspberry pi. Lokhu kusebenza kubi kakhulu kune-AWDL yasekuqaleni, isibonelo, isikhathi sokusetha uxhumano sinwetshwa ngemizuzwana engu-~10 esikhundleni samasekhondi ambalwa kokokuqala, kodwa kuyasebenza.
Futhi, laba bafana babhale kusukela ekuqaleni ukuqaliswa kwe-AirDrop protocol ePython, ebizwa . Ingasetshenziswa kokubili ngokuhlangana ne-OWL ukwethula i-AirDrop ku-Linux kanye ne-AWDL yoqobo ku-macOS.
Indlela yokugoqa nge-AirDrop
Isimo esijwayelekile ngokugoqa nge-AirDrop
Ithiyori eyanele eyisicefe, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuzijwayeza. Ngakho-ke uhlome ngayo yonke imishini edingekayo futhi ulungele ukuya phambili futhi ugoqe amabhola usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Okokuqala udinga ukukhumbula amaphuzu ayinhloko:
- I-AirDrop izosebenza kuphela uma ifoni ivuliwe - kungcono kakhulu uma ilitshe lihlala libheke ocingweni. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho kuyisicefe khona, isibonelo esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba.
- Udinga isikhathi - ngokuvamile, ukuguqulwa okuhle kwenzeka esithombeni sesi-3-5 esithunyelwe, ngakho udinga okungenani imizuzu engu-5 yesikhathi sokuthula endaweni eyodwa. Ngibheka ukuguqulwa okuhle njengesikhathi lapho uvume nge-AirDrop ukuqhubeka nokuxhumana kusithunywa. Lokhu kunzima ukukusebenzisa ngokundiza, ngoba akucaci ngokushesha ukuthi ubani owamukele iholo lakho, futhi cishe uzofudumala ngaphambi kokuthi nivumelane ngokuthile.
- Ubuciko bomuntu siqu busebenza kangcono - Ngibiza i-payload ngokuqukethwe kwemidiya oyithumela nge-AirDrop. Isithombe nje esine-meme cishe ngeke siholele ndawo; okuqukethwe kufanele kuhambisane nesimo futhi kube nokubizelwa esenzweni okucacile.
Indlela yakudala - ifoni nje
Ifanele wonke umuntu one-iPhone, ayidingi amakhono akhethekile ngaphandle kwalawo omphakathi. Sishintshela kumodi ye-AirDrop kuwo wonke umuntu bese sehlela esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba. Ngosuku olujwayelekile (ngaphambi kokuzihlukanisa) emotweni kamasipala waseMoscow, ngabona into enjengale:
Uhlu lokuhlosiwe
Njengoba ubona, cishe wonke amafoni asakaza igama lomnikazi, lapho singakwazi khona ukunquma ubulili bakhe kalula futhi silungiselele ukukhokhelwa okufanele.
Inkokhelo
Njengoba ngibhale ngenhla, inkokhelo eyingqayizivele isebenza kangcono. Okufanelekile, isithombe kufanele sibhekise umnikazi ngegama. Ngaphambilini, bekufanele ngiqophe ubuciko ngisebenzisa umhleli wesithombe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwamanothi kanye nohlobo oluthile lwe-Photoshop stub ephathekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi kukhishwa isithombe esidingekayo, kwase kudingekile kakade ukuphuma emotweni.
Umngane wami u-Anya , ikakhulukazi ngesicelo sami, ngibhale i-Telegraph bot ekhiqiza izithombe ezidingekayo namagama-ncazo athi: . Ngimbonga kakhulu ngokuthi manje sengiyakwazi ukugingqa amabhola kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe kunakuqala.
Kwanele ukuthumela i-bot umugqa wombhalo, futhi izowenza ngendlela yesithombe esifana ncamashi ne-aspect ratio yokubuka kuqala ewindini le-AirDrop. Ungakhetha uhlamvu esithombeni ngokucindezela izinkinobho. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthi ukhethe ngokukhetha ukungeza ukungena kwakho kweTelegramu esithombeni esisekhoneni.
Ijeneretha yokulayisha
Okubi kakhulu ukuthi isithombe saboniswa ngokushesha esikrinini sesisulu ngaphandle kwesenzo. Akumele uze uchofoze okuthi "yamukela". Ungabona ukusabela okusheshayo ebusweni kusukela ekulayisheni umthwalo. Ngeshwa, kusukela ku-iOS 13, izithombe ezivela koxhumana nabo abangabazi azisaboniswa esikrinini. Nakhu ukuthi lalibukeka kanjani ngaphambili:
Inkokhelo ilethwa nge-iOS β€12
Manje, esikhundleni sokubuka kuqala, kuboniswa kuphela igama ledivayisi yomthumeli. Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana nesisulu nge-iOS β₯13 ngegama ukuyibeka kuzilungiselelo zedivayisi yakho, isibonelo, shayela ucingo "Yulia, sawubona." Ithiphu: Ungasebenzisa i-emoji egameni ledivayisi. Yiqiniso, le ndlela ayikhanyi njengesithombe, kodwa kwandisa kakhulu ithuba lokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "yamukela".
Incazelo eyengeziwe yezenzo ingaphezu kobubanzi be-athikili yobuchwepheshe futhi incike kuphela emcabangweni wakho, ukwenza ngcono kanye namahlaya. Ngingasho nje ukuthi labo abajoyina lo mdlalo futhi baqale ukukuphendula ngezithombe noma ukuthumela amanothi ngokuvamile bangabantu abajabule kakhulu, abavulekile futhi abathakazelisayo. Labo okuthi ngemva kokubuka isithombe, bamane bangaphenduli, noma okubi nakakhulu, bamane bawenqabe umlayezo, ngokuvamile bangamahlongandlebe ayisicefe. Isici sokwesaba ngokuvamile sidlala indima: abantu abantekenteke, abanamahloni bayesaba ukusebenzelana nomuntu ongazikhukhumezayo ongaziwa.
Umshini wokukhetha ozenzakalelayo
Uma uvilapha kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokuthumela imithwalo ekhokhelwayo ngesandla, futhi ufuna ukwenza inqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ungenza umshini wokukhetha izwi ozenzakalelayo, ongemuva ozothumela izithombe nge-AirDrop kuwo wonke umuntu ophakathi nendawo. Sizosebenzisa okusajingijolo pi zero njengesikhulumi se-hardware, kodwa noma iyiphi ikhompyutha ene-Linux izokwenza, into eyinhloko ukuthi ikhadi le-Wi-Fi lisekela imodi yokuqapha kanye nomjovo wephakethe.
Umthumeli wesipikha nge-Airdrop esekelwe ku-raspberry pi zero w + UPS Lite isihlangu sebhethri
Kunezinhlelo ze-AirDrop zokukhukhumeza zama-iPhones e-Jailbreak, asebenza ezinzile kunezinhlobo ezivulekile ku-raspberry pi
Ukusetha i-OWL ku-raspberry pi kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe kokuthi , kodwa ngincamela ukusebenzisa i-Kali Linux eyakhelwe i-Raspberry Pi Zero ngoba isivele inamapeshi e-nexmon afakiwe ukuze kunikwe amandla imodi yokuqapha ye-Wi-Fi ku-rpi0.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Airdrop (noma kunalokho i-AWDL) yenziwa isebenze ezigulini kuphela ngemva kokuthola iphakethe le-BLE. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siyithumele ngezikhawu zamasekhondi ambalwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza . Ngisebenzisa umsebenzi we-start_le_advertising(), ngithumela iyunithi yezinhlamvu zedatha kusukela ezibonelweni ze-apple bleee: 000000000000000001123412341234123400.
Uma usune-daemon ye-OWL esebenzayo, ungaqalisa imfoloko yami . Kukhona umbhalo endaweni yokugcina flooder.py, okuthumela wonke umuntu isithombe kak_dela.jpeg.
Ngokubona kwami, i-raspberry pi zero w ayizinzile kumodi yokuqapha. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-20 yokusebenza kwesikhukhula, isistimu engaphansi ye-Wi-Fi iyaphahlazeka. Inkinga ichazwa umbhali , futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka nge-watchdog noma ukusebenzisa ihadiwe ezinzile
Imodi ye-Maniacello - Ngiyazi inombolo yakho
Uma ufuna ukuzibonakalisa njenge-maniac enganele futhi ungapheli amandla isifiso sokuqhubeka nokuxhumana nawe, ungazama ukuthola inombolo yocingo yomuntu oseduze.
Njengoba sifundile ngaphambili, amaphakethe we-BLE athunyelwe umqalisi aqukethe amabhayithi amathathu okuqala enombolo yocingo ye-sha256. Le hashi ingabanjwa lapho isisulu sichofoza inkinobho ethi "share" futhi siqala ukuskena amadivayisi we-airdrop noma sithinta iphasiwedi ye-Wi-Fi yenethiwekhi entsha endaweni yokufaka (ngale ndlela, i-Apple ibheka abangani ebangeni ongabacela kubo. iphasiwedi yenethiwekhi).
Uzodinga ukuthi ngandlela thize ucuphe umlayezo we-hashi ovela kulowo ohlukunyeziwe futhi uwubambe. Ngisebenzisa izinsiza ezivela endaweni yokugcina . Njengoba amakheli e-Bluetooth MAC wamadivayisi engahleliwe futhi eshintsha njalo, kuzodingeka uthole enye indlela yokunquma idivayisi oyifunayo kulolu hlu. Umsebenzi wenziwa lula yiqiniso lokuthi i-iOS isakaza isimo samanje sefoni njengokuthi: ukuvala isikrini, ukuvulwa kwesikrini, ukukhiya isikrini, kuvuliwe, njll. Ngakho-ke, ngokubuka nje izenzo zesisulu, ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa isimo samanje sedivayisi nedivayisi etafuleni. Indlela elula ukubamba isikhathi lapho umsebenzisi ekhipha ifoni ephaketheni lakhe, avule isikrini futhi avule ifoni ngomunwe noma ubuso bakhe. Konke lokhu kuzobonakala ku-sniffer.
Icon Π₯ kusho ukuthi kubanjwe iphakethe elinamahashi efoni.
Umhlahleli wabo ngezinye izikhathi uyaphuka, kodwa ngokuvamile uyasebenza. Ngeke ngiphinde ngichaze ngokuphelele ingqikithi yokuba sengozini, njengoba yahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe ababhali be-Apple Blee, ngizochaza kuphela isipiliyoni sami. Ngizosho nje ukuthi ngisebenzisa i-adaptha ye-USB Bluetooth ku-chip ye-CSR 8510, njengoba isebenza izinze kakhulu kimi kune-adaptha ye-Bluetooth eyakhelwe ku-MacBook futhi yafakwa emshinini obonakalayo.
Ngakho-ke sibambe i-hashi ocingweni lwesisulu futhi sathola amabhayithi amathathu esiwafiselayo ukusuka ku-hashi yenombolo yocingo.
Kunqanyulwe iphakethe le-BLE elinenombolo yocingo hashi kusetshenziswa insiza
Siyazi ukuthi e-Russia zonke izinombolo zeselula ziqala ngekhodi +79 futhi, cishe, ifoni yesisulu sethu inekhodi efanayo. Kuvele ukuthi sinobubanzi bezinombolo ukusuka ku-+79000000000 kuya ku-79999999999, izinombolo ezingaba yibhiliyoni.
Ukuze sinciphise ububanzi, sithatha kuphela amakhodi abhaliswe nanoma yimuphi u-opharetha bese silahla amanye. Ngenxa yalokho, ububanzi buba yingxenye enkulu, izinombolo ezingaba yingxenye yebhiliyoni.
Okulandelayo, sikhiqiza i-sha256 kuzo zonke izinombolo futhi silondoloze amabhayithi okuqala angu-3 kuphela ku-hashi ngayinye. Sifaka lolu hlu ku-database ye-Sqlite futhi sakhe inkomba ukusheshisa ukusesha.
Nansi indlela idatha ekusizindalwazi ebukeka ngayo:
Zonke izinombolo zocingo zaseRussia kanye namabhayithi amathathu okuqala e-hashi
Okulandelayo, ngokuba ne-hash yesisulu, singasesha wonke amameshi kusizindalwazi. Imvamisa kuba nemidlalo eyi-15-30 ngehashi ngalinye.
Zonke izinombolo ezihambisana ne-hashi yesisulu
Ngokusobala, akuzona zonke lezi zinombolo ezisetshenziswa ngempela. Singanqamula ezingadingekile sisebenzisa isicelo se-HLR noma i-SMS engabonakali. Ezinambeni ezingama-30, ezi-5 zitholwe ku-inthanethi.
Umphumela wesicelo se-HLR. Izinombolo zenethiwekhi zigqanyiswe ngokuluhlaza.
Ngingaqhubeka nokuhlunga izinombolo, ngokwesibonelo, ngingeze zonke kuTelegram/Whatsapp futhi ngibheke ama-avatar, ngihlole imininingwane egciniwe efana ne-Getcontact nokunye. Kodwa kube lula ukuvele ushayele zonke izinombolo ezinhlanu ngayinye ngayinye bese ubuka uma ucingo lwesisulu lukhala.
Ithagethi itholiwe
Konke
- Isikhukhula ku-raspberry pi asizinzile kakhulu, udinga ukuzama amanye amabhodi angawodwa.
- Isikhukhula somdabu se-iOS singaba ngcono kakhulu, kodwa angikwazanga ukuthola esisebenza ku-iOS 12-13 ngisho ne-jailbreak.
- Umbhalo we-flolder.py uyisiwula kakhulu. Ingase ikhiqize isithombe esiqondene nawe ngokuthatha igama ledivayisi yomamukeli futhi inqamule igama elithi iPhone.
- Indlela yokunquma inombolo yocingo ingenziwa elungiselelwe ngokubheka kuphela iqiniso lokuthi inombolo ixhunywe ku-iMessage. Lokhu cishe kuzokunikeza isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-100%.
isiphetho
Lokhu ukuzijabulisa okuphelele kwe-metro. Kunomphumela we-wow, abantu abanelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi bayakuthakasela lokhu. Kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa okuningi, kwakukhona amacala ahlekisayo kakhulu. Kuvele ukuthi abantu abaningi sebekulungele ukudlala kanye ngisho nokukhansela izinhlelo zabo ukuze behle esiteshini sakho sikamasipala bayophuza ikhofi. Ngokuhamba konyaka, ngahlangana nabantu abaningi futhi ngiyaqhubeka nokuxhumana nabanye babo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngicisha ukungena ngemvume kweTelegramu futhi ngijabule .
Source: www.habr.com