Ukuhunyushwa kwegama elithi trunk kuncike kanjani kumthengisi wokushintsha?

Ngiqaphele leli phutha (noma, uma uthanda, umehluko) ngenkathi ngibheka ukuhumusha ekushintsheni kwe-NETGEAR. Iqiniso wukuthi uma uhumusha leli gama "isiqu" kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi incazelo kabani umthengisi anamathela kuyo - Cisco noma HP, ngoba kunencazelo yezobuchwepheshe ehluke kakhulu phakathi kwazo.
Ake sikuthole.

Ake sibheke inkinga sisebenzisa izibonelo ezilandelayo:

1.Cisco

2.HP

Umfundi oqaphile uzokubona lokho "isiqu" inencazelo ehlukile kulezi zibonelo.

Asimbe.

Inguqulo ye-Cisco

Cisco ngaphansi"isiqu'om' uyaqonda umzila wokukhomba ngephoyinti (isiteshi sokuxhumana esixhuma ngokuqondile amadivaysi amabili), exhuma iswishi nenye idivayisi yenethiwekhi, njengenye iswishi noma irutha. Umsebenzi wakhe dlula ithrafikhi yama-VLAN amaningana esiteshini esisodwa futhi uwanikeze ukufinyelela kuyo yonke inethiwekhi. Okuvame ukubizwa "isiqu", okunengqondo.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Ake siqale ngokuthi iyini i-VLAN?

IVLAN imele Inethiwekhi yendawo ebonakalayo noma inethiwekhi yendawo ebonakalayo. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise inethiwekhi eyodwa ephathekayo ibe amaningana anengqondo asebenza ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona inkampani Umnyango Wezabasebenzi, ukubalwa kwezimali и Umnyango we-IT. Banezishintshi zabo, ezixhunywe nge-switch central ibe yinethiwekhi eyodwa, futhi amanethiwekhi ale minyango adinga ukuhlukaniswa komunye nomunye. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-VLAN busiza khona.

Yile ndlela inethiwekhi ebukeka ngayo, ihlukaniswe ngama-VLAN (amanethiwekhi abonakalayo).

Ngokuvamile imibala ehlukene isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa i-VLAN.

Ngakho-ke izimbobo ezimakwe ngokuluhlaza ziku-VLAN eyodwa, futhi izimbobo ezimakwe ngokubomvu zikwenye. Bese amakhompyutha aku-VLAN efanayo akwazi ukuxhumana kuphela nomunye, kodwa azikwazi ngamakhompyutha wenye i-VLAN.

Izinguquko kuthebula lokushintsha ku-VLAN

Lapho udala ama-VLAN, enye inkambu yengezwa kuthebula lokushintsha lapho kuboniswa khona izihlonzi ze-VLAN. Ukwenza lula kubukeka kanje:

Lapha sibona ukuthi izimbobo 1 no-2 ngeze-VLAN 2, futhi izimbobo 3 no-4 ngeze-VLAN 10.

Qhubeka. Kusendlalelo sesixhumanisi sedatha, idatha idluliselwa ngendlela yozimele (amafreyimu). Lapho uthumela amafreyimu ukusuka kwenye iswishi kuya kwenye, ulwazi luyadingeka mayelana nokuthi uhlaka oluthile luyingxenye yayiphi i-VLAN. Lolu lwazi lwengezwa kuhlaka oludlulisiwe. Njengamanje, kusetshenziselwa izinga elivulekile kule njongo. IEEE 802.1Q. Ukuvela kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kohlaka ku-VLAN

1. Ikhompyutha ikhiqiza futhi ithumele uhlaka olujwayelekile (uhlaka, olwaziwa nangokuthi iphakethe ezingeni lesixhumanisi, i.e. ezingeni lokushintsha)ngaphandle kokwengeza lutho. Lolu hlaka lubukeka kanje:

1. Iswishi ithola uhlaka. Ngokuhambisana nethebula lokushintsha, iyaqonda ukuthi uhlaka luvela kuyiphi ikhompyutha nokuthi le khompyutha ingeyayiphi i-VLAN. Khona-ke ukushintsha ngokwayo kunezela ulwazi lwesevisi kuhlaka, okuthiwa umaka. Ithegi inkambu elandela ikheli le-MAC lomthumeli, eliqukethe, cishe, inombolo ye-VLAN. Yile ndlela uhlaka olunothegi olubukeka ngayo:

Iswishi ibe isithumela lolu hlaka kwenye iswishi.

1. Iswishi eyamukela uhlaka ikhipha ulwazi lwe-VLAN kuyo, okusho ukuthi, iqonda ukuthi iyiphi ikhompyutha lolu hlaka okufanele ithunyelwe kuyo, isusa lonke ulwazi lwesevisi kuhlaka bese iludlulisela kukhompuyutha yomamukeli.

2. Uhlaka lufika kukhompuyutha yomamukeli ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi lwesevisi.

Manje ake sibuyele kweyethuisiqu'u'. Shintsha izimbobo ezisekela ama-VLAN zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

1. Izimbobo ezimakiwe (noma amachweba we-trunk у Cisco)
2. Izimbobo ezingamakiwe (noma ukufinyelela kumachweba)

Sithanda izimbobo ezimakiwe noma izimbobo ezinkulu. Bakhonza ngokunembile ukuze ichweba elilodwa bekwenzeka ukudlulisa idatha okungeye ezahlukene VLAN futhi uthole idatha evela kuma-VLAN ambalwa echwebeni elilodwa (sikhumbula ukuthi ngokuvamile amachweba avela kuma-VLAN ahlukene awabonani).

Kulo mfanekiso, izimbobo ezimakiwe ziyinombolo 21 и 22, exhuma amaswishi amabili. Amafreyimu, isibonelo, avela kukhompyutha, azodlula kuwo Е kukhompuyutha А, eziku-VLAN efanayo, ngokohlelo oluchazwe ngenhla.

Ngakho, isiteshi sokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zikhumulo Cisco lokho kubizwa kanjalo"isiqu'om'.

Inguqulo HP

Inkampani ilihumusha kanjani leli gama?

Asikhulumi ngama-VLAN lapha nhlobo. Uma kwenzeka HP sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa iziteshi. Banayo "isiqu" - kuyinto isiteshi esinengqondo, okuhlanganisa iziteshi zomzimba eziningana. Le nhlanganisela ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise ukuphuma nokuthembeka kwesiteshi. Ake sikubheke ngesibonelo. Ake sithi sinamaswishi amabili, ngalinye linamachweba amane futhi lawa machweba axhunywe elinye nelinye ngezintambo ezine.

Uma ushiya yonke into injengoba injalo - ukuxhumana nje phakathi kwamaswishi - lokhu kuxhumana kuzodlulisela ozimele komunye nomunye embuthanweni, okungukuthi ifomu. izihibe (futhi amafreyimu okusakaza azophindwa kaninginingi, ethula amaswishi esivunguvungwini sokusakaza).

Ukuxhumana okunjalo okuphindwe kabili kuyacatshangelwa okungafuneki, futhi kudingeka ziqedwe, i-STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) ikhona ngale njongo. Bese kuthi ekuxhumekeni kwethu okune, i-STP izocisha okuthathu ngoba ikubona kungenasidingo, futhi kuzosala uxhumano olulodwa kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, uma sihlanganisa lezi ziteshi ezine ezibonakalayo, kuzoba nesiteshi esisodwa esinengqondo esinomkhawulokudonsa owandayo phakathi kokushintsha (isivinini esikhulu sokudluliswa kolwazi ngeshaneli yokuxhumana ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi). Okusho ukuthi, iziteshi ezine zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi inkinga ngokuxhumeka okungafuneki iyaxazululwa. Yilesi siteshi esinengqondo (esihlanganisiwe) esibizwa HP "isiqu'om'.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesixhumanisi kungahlelwa phakathi kwamaswishi amabili, iswishi kanye nerutha. Amashaneli angafinyelela kwangu-8 angahlanganiswa abe yishaneli eyodwa enengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izimbobo ezihlanganiswe zibe isiteshi esihlanganisiwe zibe nemingcele efanayo:

• uhlobo lwe-transmission medium (ipheya esontekile, i-optical fiber, njll.),
• isivinini,
• isilawuli sokugeleza kanye nemodi ye-duplex.

Uma esinye sezimbobo kusixhumanisi esihlanganisiwe sihluleka, isixhumanisi sizoqhubeka nokusebenza. Izimbobo zesiteshi esihlanganisiwe zibonwa njengeyunithi eyodwa, ehambisana nomqondo wesiteshi esinengqondo.

Futhi ukucacisa ngokugcwele isithombe, siphawula ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bunayo Cisco kubizwa I-EtherChannel. I-EtherChannel – ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa iziteshi buthuthukiswe ngu Cisco. Incazelo iyafana, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise iziteshi ezimbalwa ze-Ethernet ezibonakalayo zibe munye onengqondo.

Ngakho igama isiqu ihunyushwa kuye ngomongo kanje:

• embhalweni wokushintsha Cisco - imbobo ye-trunk, imbobo emakiwe, imbobo ye-trunk;

• embhalweni wokushintsha HP - imbobo ehlanganisiwe, isiteshi esihlanganisiwe.

  Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuqonda isihloko ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, ngezansi uhlu oluncane lwemithombo.

• Cisco: https://content.cisco.com/chapter.sjs?uri=/searchable/chapter/content/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3850/software/release/3se/vlan/configuration_guide/b_vlan_3se_3850_cg/b_vlan_3se_3850_cg_chapter_0110.html.xml&searchurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.cisco.com%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dtrunk%26locale%3DenUS%26bizcontext%3D%26cat%3D%26mode%3Dtext%26clktyp%3Denter%26autosuggest%3Dfalse&dtid=osscdc000283 (noma kanje: https://bitly.su/OC4VB7)

• I-HP: http://h22208.www2.hpe.com/eginfolib/networking/docs/switches/WB/15-18/5998-8162_wb_2920_mcg/content/ch04.html

• I-VLAN: http://xgu.ru/wiki/VLAN#.D0.A2.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_VLAN

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi: http://xgu.ru/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2#.D0.90.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2_.D0.B2_ProCurve

Source: www.habr.com