Ukumepha Amalungelo Edijithali, Ingxenye III. Ilungelo lokungaziwa

TL; DR: Ochwepheshe babelana ngombono wabo wezinkinga e-Russia ezihlobene nelungelo ledijithali lokungaziwa.

NgoSepthemba 12 no-13, i-Greenhouse of Social Technologies kanye ne-RosKomSvoboda babambe i-hackathon mayelana nokuba yisakhamuzi sedijithali namalungelo edijithali. demhack.ru. Ngokulindele umcimbi, abahleli bashicilela i-athikili yesithathu enikelwe ekwenziweni kwemephu inkambu yenkinga ukuze bazitholele inselele enentshisekelo. Izihloko ezedlule: Amalungelo okushicilela emisebenzi yedijithali angatholakala lapha (ingxenye 1) kanye nokufinyelela olwazini - lapha (ingxenye 2).

Ilungelo lokungaziwa

Ukungaziwa yisimo sokungakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi ungubani. Ilungelo lokungaziwa, i.e. Ikhono lokwenza izenzo ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokukhonjwa libaluleke kakhulu kumalungelo omthethosisekelo alandelayo enkululeko yokucabanga nokukhuluma (Isihloko 29).

I-architecture eyisisekelo ye-inthanethi yadalwa ngesikhathi esihlukile nangaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Kwakunokungabaza ukuthi noma ubani ngaphandle kwezifundiswa (noma, ahem, abantu abagqoke izingubo ezifanayo) wayezohlala phambi kwamatheminali amnyama. Bekukhona nokungabaza ngokuthi bazosebenzisa amakhompuyutha abo. IWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke u-Tim Berners-Lee ukuze kungabikho isidingo sokuletha imibhalo ye-CERN ezingeni elilodwa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ubani ubengacabanga ukuthi i-inthanethi ingafinyelela ukubaluleka okungaka ezimpilweni zethu njengoba kwenzekile manje.

Kodwa kwavela ngendlela okwenzeka ngayo. Futhi kwavela ukuthi ku-architecture ekhona ye-Inthanethi cishe yonke iminyakazo can ziqoshwe.

Izimfanelo ezithile zokuphila kwethu zigqama zibe amalungelo omphakathi kuphela lapho zisongelwa, kusho isazi sefilosofi saseMelika uJohn Searle. Inkululeko yokukhuluma idinga ukuvikelwa kuphela uma kungenzeka ithathelwe indawo yinkulumo-ze nokuhlolwa. Ngenkathi i-inthanethi isencane, ikhululekile futhi ingenacala, futhi ukuba khona kwethu kuyo okwesikhashana futhi ingenabungozi, sasingawadingi amalungelo. Lapho ikhono lokusebenzisa i-inthanethi (hhayi i-inthanethi kuphela) “njengokungathi akekho obukele” lisongelwa, abantu abaningi baqala ukuphendukela odabeni lokungagcini nje ngokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwaleli lungelo, kodwa futhi nokulivikela. isisekelo esiyisisekelo - sokuziphatha nefilosofi.

Umbhali kanye nomcwaningi wokubethela uSimon Singh uchaza ukwanda kwentshisekelo yokungaziwa ngokubhala ngemfihlo enkathini yesimanje ngokusungulwa kwe-telegraph ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Khona-ke, okokuqala, ibhizinisi lakhathazeka. “Noma ngubani obefuna ukudlulisa umyalezo kumuntu osebenza ngocingo kuzomele adlulisele okuqukethwe wumyalezo wakhe. Abasebenzisi babekwazi ukufinyelela yonke imilayezo edluliswayo, ngakho-ke kwakunengozi yokuthi othile angafumbathisa opharetha ngocingo ukuze athole ithuba lokuxhumana nomuntu esincintisana naye.”

Ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kwenezelwa emicabangweni engokoqobo yokuvikela ukuxhumana kweningi okuqondiswa ubuchwepheshe. UMichel Foucault uchazwe ngokucacile umphumela we-panopticon, ngokwalokho lona kanye iqiniso lokubuka kanye nokulingana kolwazi phakathi kombukeli kanye nobhekiwe kuyisisekelo amandla okuqondisa izigwegwe, olwenziwa, phakathi kokunye, ngoshintsho ekuziphatheni kwalowo obhekiwe. Ukufingqa i-Foucault, sidansa ngendlela ehlukile uma kungekho muntu oke abuke.

Ilungelo lokungaziwa ehlonishwa yi-UN, nakuba kungaphansi kwemikhawulo. Ngokusobala, sifuna ukusebenzisa igama elingaziwa ukuze sithole inkululeko yethu nokudala, kodwa asifuni nakancane ukungaziwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe abanye abantu abakhohlisayo abafuna ukubulala, ukushaya othile, njll.

Тема, одним словом, sina. Njengengxenye yetafula eliyindilinga, simeme ochwepheshe esizame nabo ukugqamisa izinkinga ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa amalungelo ethu okungaziwa. Ezinye zezihloko okuxoxwe ngazo:

1. Ukusetshenziswa ngokungaziwa kwe-inthanethi (okuhlanganisa ukucinga ulwazi);

2. Ukushicilelwa okungaziwa kwezinto, ukudalwa kanye nokusabalalisa imisebenzi;

Isigcawu 1. Ukusetshenziswa ngokungaziwa kwe-inthanethi (okuhlanganisa ukucinga ulwazi)

Isitholi socingo. Isithombe: Rauantiques // Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Inkinga 1.1.: Inkolelo eqinile eqinile mayelana nokungabi nalusizo kokungaziwa, isitatimende esithi "Akukho engikufihlayo." Abantu abaqondi ukuthi ukungaziwa kuyini futhi abaqondi ukuthi kungani kufanele kusetshenziswe. Ngenxa ye-DPI, amathuba okungaziwa ancishisiwe, kodwa ukuthi i-DPI inciphisa kanjani ukuthi kungenzeka ukungaziwa, bambalwa abantu abazi. Akukho ukuqonda ukuthi ezinye izindlela zisebenza kanjani nokuthi yini engahamba kabi nokuthi idatha ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokumelene nomsebenzisi.

Inketho yesixazululo ku-hackathon: Ukwazisa abantu ukuthi yimiphi imikhondo abayishiyayo nokuthi bayishiya nini, kungani kudingeka ukungaziwa nokuthi kungani kufanele kuhlonishwe ilungelo lokungaziwa. Ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yolwazi kanye namasevisi;

Inketho yesixazululo sesikhathi eside: Yenza ukungaziwa kube “umthetho wegeyimu” nezinga kumasevisi, ngokulandela isibonelo sokubethela ngasemaphethelweni.

Inkinga 1.2.: Izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli zisusa amagama angaziwa. Izigxivizo zeminwe noma izigxivizo zeminwe zesiphequluli wulwazi oluqoqwe mayelana nedivayisi ekude ukuze uthole ukuhlonzwa okwengeziwe, izigxivizo zeminwe iqoqo lalolu lwazi. Izigxivizo zeminwe zingasetshenziswa ziphelele noma ingxenye yazo ukuze zikhonjwe, ngisho noma amakhukhi ekhutshaziwe. I-Mozilla ithatha indawo yolwazi kanye ivimba izigxivizo zeminwe, kodwa ezinye iziphequluli azikwenzi.

Inketho yesixazululo ku-hackathon: Nika amandla ukuvinjwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe kwezinye iziphequluli. Isibonelo, ungaphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Chromium core.

Inkinga 1.3.: Amasevisi adinga i-SIM khadi yezithunywa eziningi ezisheshayo.

Izinketho zezixazululo ku-hackathon:

1. Isevisi yokubhalisa i-SIM khadi. Inethiwekhi yokusizana yalabo abakulungele ukuzibhalisela amakhadi e-SIM (noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe baqaphela ubungozi obuningi ngesinqumo esinjalo).

2. Indlela evumela ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-SIM khadi amasha. Uma umshini onjalo uvela, kufanele kube nomkhankaso womphakathi wokuwusebenzisa kuphela (ungabangeza kanjani abangani bakho kusithunywa ngaphandle kwenombolo yabo yocingo, ngaphandle kwamashidi okuxhumana).

Inkinga 1.4.: ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwezinye izithunywa namasevisi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe igama lomsebenzisi (isibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-GetContact), kodwa umsebenzisi akakuqondi lokhu.

Izinketho zezixazululo ku-hackathon:

1. Iphrojekthi yezemfundo emayelana nezinsizakalo, amakhono azo, ukuthi imisebenzi yezinsizakalo ezithile ingenza kanjani umuntu angaziwa;

2. Isethi yemithetho yohlu olubanzi lwabasebenzisi (uhlu lokuhlola?), olungasetshenziswa ukunquma izimpawu ezingabonakala umsebenzisi kusetshenziswa isevisi ethile;

3. Umdlalo wokufundisa ozokutshela izimpawu zokuhlonza umsebenzisi ku-inthanethi.

Inkinga 1.5.: Ukusetshenziswa ngokungaziwa kwe-inthanethi yizingane - zonke izinsizakalo zihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zishiya idatha yazo yangempela. Ukungaziwa kwezingane kuwukuvikela, okuhlanganisa nabazali abahlukumeza ubumfihlo bezingane zabo.

Isigcawu 2. Ukushicilelwa okungaziwa kwezinto

Insizwa edabukisayo egqoke i-hood ngokumelene nesizinda sedolobha elikhulu - besingaba kuphi ngaphandle kwakhe uma sibhala ngokungaziwa - incazelo yamahhala yezithombe zesitoko. Isithombe: Daniel Monteiro // Unsplash (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Inkinga 2.1.: Inkinga yokuhlaziywa kwesitayela yokuhlonza ubuntu kusukela ekushicilelweni okungaziwa.

Inketho yesixazululo ku-hackathon: ukufiphala kwesitayela sokubhala kusetshenziswa izinzwa.

Inkinga 2.2.: Inkinga yokuvuza ngemethadatha yedokhumenti (izithombe, amadokhumenti e-Word).

Izinketho zezixazululo ku-hackathon:

1. Isevisi yokuhlanza imethadatha ekhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo imethadatha kumadokhumenti nokususwa komlando wokuhlela kumadokhumenti;

2. Ukuthumela impahla ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwenza kube nzima ukuthola umthombo wangempela;

3. Imaski yobuso ezenzakalelayo ezithombeni ezenza kube nzima ukukhomba umuntu.

4. Ukwakhiwa kwamawebhusayithi kanye nokushicilelwa ku-Darknet

Inkinga 2.3.: Inkinga yokuhlonza izithombe ezivela kubaphihli.

Izinketho zezixazululo ku-hackathon:

1. I-obfuscator yesithombe. Isevisi ecubungula izithombe ngendlela yokuthi amanethiwekhi omphakathi ngeke afane nomuntu.

2. Inethiwekhi ye-neural enquma ukuthi yiziphi izici isithombe esithunyelwe esingakhonjwa ngazo ngaphandle (isibonelo, ngokusesha kwesithombe okuphambene).

Inkinga 2.4.: Inkinga ye-OSINT "Embi" - abaqaphile bahlasela izishoshovu zisebenzisa izindlela ze-OSINT.

Inketho yesixazululo ku-hackathon: sidinga izindlela zokuhlanza idatha eshicilelwe nobunzima ukuphuma и i-doxxing.

Inkinga 2.4.: Inkinga yokuba sengozini okungekona okobuchwepheshe kwamabhokisi amnyama (amadivayisi olwazi oluputshuzayo ngokungaziwa, isibonelo, I-SecureDrop). Izixazululo ezikhona zisengozini. Izintatheli ezamukela ukuputshuka kwesinye isikhathi azinaki ngokungaziwa kwemithombo.

Izinketho zezixazululo ku-hackathon:

1. Imiyalo yezintatheli ekusebenzeni nemithombo ukuze kwandiswe ukungaziwa kwemithombo;

2. Ukwenza lula ukufakwa kwesoftware yebhokisi elimnyama (okwamanje kunzima kakhulu ukuyifaka);

3. Ibhokisi Elimnyama elinekhono lokusula imethadatha ngokucubungula okusheshayo ngamanethiwekhi e-neural anokusebenza kokuzithandela (ingabe ufuna ukuvala ubuso bakho noma ukususa oyedwa wezinhlamvu?);

4. I-analyzer yedokhumenti "yokuvuza kwemethadatha" - dlulisela imiphumela kumuntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kuthathwe izinqumo: okutholakele, okungasuswa, okuzoshicilelwa.

Abahleli be-hackathon bathemba ukuthi izinselele ezihlonziwe zizosebenza njengendawo evundile yezixazululo ku-hackathon (futhi ngokujwayelekile).

I-PS: Ngaphezu kwe-hackathon, ngo-September 4 ngo-12: 30 (isikhathi saseMoscow) engqungqutheleni ye-intanethi Network September, umqeqeshi wezokuphepha wekhompyutha u-Sergei Smirnov, umsunguli we-RosKomSvoboda Sarkis Darbinyan nabanye bazoxoxa ngezindaba zokungaziwa engxoxweni " Ukungaziwa: kulungile, kodwa hhayi imfashini." Ungabuka ingxoxo online.

I-Greenhouse of Social Technologies ne-RosKomSvoboda ibonga uGleb Suvorov, u-Vladimir Kuzmin, isishoshovu kanye nenhloko ye-Internet provider Links, kanye nabo bonke ochwepheshe ababambe iqhaza etafuleni eliyindilinga. Bhalisela i-Digital Citizenship and Digital Rights Hackathon demhack.ru kungenzeka kuze kube uSepthemba 8, 2020

Source: www.habr.com