Ungakwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha umbuzo, zingaki izinhlelo ze-IT onazo enkampanini yakho? Kuze kube kamuva nje, nathi asikwazanga. Ngakho-ke, manje sizokutshela ngendlela yethu yokwakha uhlu oluhlangene lwezinhlelo ze-IT zenkampani, obeludingeka ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Isichazamazwi esisodwa senkampani yonke. Ukuqonda okunembile kwebhizinisi kanye ne-IT kokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo inkampani enazo.
- Uhlu lwabantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngaphezu kokuthola uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT, bekudingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ubani owayenomthwalo wemfanelo ohlelweni ngalunye, kokubili ohlangothini lwe-IT kanye nasohlangothini lwebhizinisi.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo ze-IT. Ohlangothini lwezakhiwo ze-IT, bekudingeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo ze-IT ezikhona ngesigaba sokuthuthuka, ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe, njll.
- Ukubalwa kwezindleko zezinhlelo ze-IT. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ze-IT, bese uqhamuka ne-algorithm yokwaba izindleko. Ngizosho zisuka nje ukuthi sizuze okuningi kuleli phuzu, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kwesinye isihloko.
Masiphendule ngokushesha umbuzo ovela esihlokweni - zingaki izinhlelo ze-IT inkampani enazo? Ngokuhamba konyaka, sizamile ukuhlanganisa uhlu, futhi kwavela ukuthi kunezinhlelo ze-IT ezaziwayo eziyi-116 (okungukuthi, esikwazile ukuthola kuzo labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo ku-IT kanye namakhasimende phakathi kwamabhizinisi).
Ukuthi lokhu kuningi noma kuncane, kuzokwazi ukwahlulela ngemuva kwencazelo enemininingwane yalokho okubhekwa njengohlelo lwe-IT ezweni lethu.
Isinyathelo sokuqala
Okokuqala nje, yonke iminyango yoPhiko lwe-IT yacelwa izinhlu zezinhlelo ze-IT ezesekayo. Okulandelayo, siqale ukuhlanganisa zonke lezi zinhlu futhi sakhe amagama ahlanganisiwe nombhalo wekhodi. Esigabeni sokuqala, sinqume ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo ze-IT zibe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Izinkonzo zangaphandle.
- Ulwazi Systems.
- Izinkonzo zengqalasizinda. Lesi yisigaba esithakasela kakhulu. Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT, kutholwe imikhiqizo ye-software esetshenziswa ingqalasizinda kuphela (isibonelo, i-Active Directory (AD)), kanye nemikhiqizo yesofthiwe efakwe emishinini yendawo yabasebenzisi. Zonke lezi zinhlelo zahlukaniswa zaba izinkonzo zengqalasizinda.
Ake sibhekisise iqembu ngalinye.
Izinkonzo zangaphandle
Amasevisi angaphandle amasistimu e-IT angasebenzisi ingqalasizinda yethu yeseva. Inkampani yesithathu inesibopho somsebenzi wayo. Lezi, ingxenye enkulu, izinsizakalo zamafu kanye nama-API angaphandle kwezinye izinkampani (isibonelo, ukukhokha kanye nokuhlola izinsizakalo ze-fiscalization). Leli gama liyaphikiswana, kodwa asikwazanga ukuqhamuka nelingcono. Sirekhode wonke amacala asemngceleni "kuzinhlelo zolwazi".
Ulwazi Systems
Amasistimu wolwazi ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yesofthiwe esetshenziswa inkampani. Kulokhu, amaphakheji esofthiwe kuphela afakwe kumaseva futhi ahlinzeka ngokuxhumana kwabasebenzisi abaningi aye acatshangelwa. Izinhlelo zasendaweni ezifakwe kumakhompyutha abasebenzi azizange zicatshangelwe.
Kwakukhona amaphuzu acashile:
- Emisebenzini eminingi, kusetshenziswa i-microservice architecture. Ama-Microservices adalwa endaweni evamile. Sacabanga isikhathi eside ukuthi sihlukanise isevisi ngayinye noma amaqembu ezinsizakalo zibe amasistimu ahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, bahlonze yonke inkundla njengohlelo base beyibiza nge-MSP - Mvideo (micro) Service Platform.
- Izinhlelo eziningi ze-IT zisebenzisa ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamaklayenti, amaseva, imininingwane yolwazi, abalinganisi, njll. Sinqume ukuhlanganisa konke lokhu ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-IT, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izingxenye zobuchwepheshe ezifana namabhalansi, i-TOMCAT nokunye okuningi.
- Izinhlelo ze-IT zobuchwepheshe - njenge-AD, izinhlelo zokuqapha - zabelwa iqembu elihlukile "lezinsizakalo zengqalasizinda".
Izinkonzo zengqalasizinda
Lokhu kubandakanya amasistimu asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-IT. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ukufinyelela kuzinsiza ze-inthanethi.
- Isevisi yokugcina idatha.
- Isevisi yokusekelayo.
- Ucingo.
- Inkomfa ngevidiyo.
- Izithunywa.
- Isevisi Yohlu Lwemibhalo Esebenzayo.
- Isevisi ye-imeyili.
- I-antivirus.
Sihlukanisa zonke izinhlelo ezifakwe emishinini yasendaweni yabasebenzisi ngokuthi βIndawo yokusebenzaβ.
Ingxoxo ngesethi yamasevisi ayikapheli.
Umphumela wesinyathelo sokuqala
Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinhlu ezamukelwe eminyangweni sezihlanganisiwe, sithole uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinhlelo ze-IT zenkampani.
Uhlu beluyizinga elilodwa, i.e. besingenawo amasistimu angaphansi. Le nkinga yohlu ihlehliselwe isikhathi esizayo. Sekukonke sikutholile:
- 152 izinhlelo zolwazi kanye nezinsiza zangaphandle.
- 25 izinsiza zengqalasizinda.
Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlu lwemibhalo ukuthi ngaphezu kohlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT, bavumelana ngohlu lwabasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngamunye wabo.
Isinyathelo Sokubili
Uhlu lwalunenombolo yokushiyeka:
- Kuvele ukuthi isezingeni elilodwa futhi ayilingani ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, isistimu yesitolo imelwe kuhlu amamojula angu-8 ahlukene noma amasistimu, futhi iwebhusayithi ibimelwe isistimu eyodwa.
- Umbuzo wasala, ingabe saba nohlu oluphelele lwezinhlelo ze-IT?
- Ungalugcina kanjani uhlu lusesikhathini samanje?
Ushintsho olusuka kuhlu lwezinga elilodwa luye ohlwini lwamaleveli amabili
Intuthuko enkulu eyenziwe esigabeni sesibili kwaba ukushintshela ohlwini lwamazinga amabili. Kwethulwa imiqondo emibili:
- Uhlelo lwe-IT.
- Imojula yesistimu ye-IT.
Isigaba sokuqala asihlanganisi ukufakwa komuntu ngamunye kuphela, kodwa amasistimu axhumeke ngokunengqondo. Isibonelo, ngaphambilini isistimu yokubika ngewebhu (SAP BO), i-ETL kanye nesitoreji kwakufakwe kuhlu njengezinhlelo ze-IT ezihlukene, kodwa manje sizihlanganisele ohlelweni olulodwa olunamamojula angu-10.
Ngemuva kwezinguquko ezinjalo, izinhlelo ze-IT eziyi-115 zasala kukhathalogi.
Sesha amasistimu e-IT angaziwa
Sixazulula inkinga yokuthola amasistimu e-IT angaziwa ngokunikeza izindleko ezinhlelweni ze-IT. Labo. Inkampani idale uhlelo lokusabalalisa zonke izinkokhelo zomnyango ezinhlelweni ze-IT (ngaphezulu ngalokhu esihlokweni esilandelayo). Manje sibuyekeza uhlu lwezinkokhelo ze-IT nyanga zonke futhi silunikeze amasistimu e-IT. Ekuqaleni, kutholwe inqwaba yezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo ezazingafakiwe kurejista.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwethulwa kwenkundla ye-IT ehlangene yezakhiwo (i-EA Tool) yokuhlela ukuthuthukiswa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo ze-IT
Ngaphezu kokwenza uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT nokuhlonza abasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo, saqala ukuhlukanisa amasistimu e-IT.
Isibaluli sokuqala sesigaba esethulile isigaba somjikelezo wempilo. Lena yindlela uhlu olulodwa lwezinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje nezihlelelwe ukuyekiswa ukusebenza oluqhamuke ngayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, saqala ukulandelela umjikelezo wempilo yomthengisi wezinhlelo ze-IT. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imikhiqizo yesofthiwe inezinguqulo ezihlukene, futhi abahlinzeki basekela kuphela ezinye zazo. Ngemva kokuhlaziya uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT, lezo izinguqulo zazo ezingasasekelwa umenzi zikhonjwe. Manje kunengxoxo enkulu mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngezinhlelo ezinjalo.
Ukusebenzisa uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT
Esikusebenzisela lolu hlu:
- Ezakhiweni ze-IT, lapho sidweba indawo yesixazululo, sisebenzisa amagama avamile wezinhlelo ze-IT.
- Ohlelweni lokusabalalisa izinkokhelo kuwo wonke amasistimu we-IT. Yile ndlela esibona ngayo izindleko eziphelele kubo.
- Sakha kabusha i-ITSM ukuze sigcine ulwazi lwesigameko ngasinye mayelana nokuthi isigameko sitholwe kuluphi uhlelo lwe-IT nalapho saxazululwa khona.
Uhlu
Njengoba uhlu lwezinhlelo ze-IT luwulwazi oluyimfihlo, akunakwenzeka ukulethula lapha ngokugcwele; sizobonisa ukubuka.
Esithombeni:
- Amamojula wesistimu ye-IT akhonjiswe ngokuluhlaza.
- Iminyango ye-DIT ngeminye imibala.
- Izinhlelo ze-IT ziboshelwe kubaphathi ababhekene nazo.
Source: www.habr.com