Ngolunye usuku i-Intanethi "yaphenduka" iminyaka engu-30 ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulwazi nezidingo zedijithali zebhizinisi ziye zakhula kangangokuthi namuhla asisakhulumi ngegumbi leseva yenkampani noma ngisho nesidingo sokutholakala esikhungweni sedatha, kodwa mayelana nokuqasha yonke inethiwekhi yokucubungula idatha. izikhungo ezinesethi yamasevisi ahambisana nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikhulumi kuphela ngamaphrojekthi womhlaba wonke anedatha enkulu (ama-giants anezikhungo zawo zedatha), kodwa ngisho nezinkampani ezisezingeni eliphakathi ezinezibuyekezo ezivamile zezikhundla zesizindalwazi (isibonelo, izitolo eziku-inthanethi) kanye nezinsizakalo ezinedatha yesivinini esikhulu. ukushintshanisa (isibonelo, amabhange).
Kungani ibhizinisi lidinga uhlelo lwezikhungo zedatha ezisabalalisiwe?
Uhlelo olunjalo luqukethe izakhiwo ze-IT, ezisatshalaliswa ngokwezwe ngokuya ngomgomo: isikhungo sedatha esiyinhloko nezikhungo zedatha zesifunda. Baqale bahlonyiswe ngokucabangela ukuhamba kolwazi okungenzeka kanye nezinqubo zebhizinisi zezinkampani zesimanje ezisathuthuka futhi ziqinisekise ukungaphazanyiswa kwalokhu kugeleza nezinqubo.
▍Kungani kusatshalaliswa?
Okokuqala, ngenxa yengozi yokuphula wonke amaqanda abekwe kubhasikidi owodwa. Namuhla, kunesidingo sezixazululo ezibekezelela amaphutha ezingaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngokuphelele kwezicelo zezinkampani, izinsizakalo namawebhusayithi kunoma yiziphi izimo. Ngisho nasekupheleni komhlaba. Izingqalasizinda zekhompiyutha ezinjalo akufanele zigcine idatha ngendlela efanele, kodwa futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokuphumula sezinsizakalo ze-IT zenkampani (funda: ibhizinisi), kokubili ngesikhathi sobhadane lokuvinjwa yi-Roskomnadzor, nangesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo, nangesikhathi senhlekelele yangempela eyenziwe umuntu, futhi noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zamandla amakhulu . Akuyona ize ukuthi lezi zixazululo zibizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwezinhlekelele.
Ukwenza lokhu, iziza zamakhompiyutha asebenzela inkampani kufanele zisuswe komunye nomunye kude nebanga eliphephile ngokuya ngohlelo oluthile (bheka ithebula nomfanekiso ongezansi). Uma kunesidingo, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuhlenga inhlekelele (DR-Plan) futhi kudluliselwe ngokuzenzakalelayo izinsiza zamakhasimende kwenye indawo yenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezibekezelela amaphutha kanye nezixazululo zesofthiwe ezifanele esimweni ngasinye esithile (ukuphindaphinda kwedatha, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, njll.).
Okwesibili, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Kwimodi evamile (hhayi i-force majeure, kodwa ngemithwalo ephezulu), izikhungo zedatha ezisabalalisiwe ziklanyelwe ukwandisa umkhiqizo wenkampani futhi zinciphise ukulahlekelwa kolwazi (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS). Lapha, izinkimbinkimbi zokulinganisa umthwalo phakathi kwama-node wekhompiyutha zicushiwe: umthwalo usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, futhi uma enye yama-node ihluleka, imisebenzi yayo izothathwa ngamanye ama-node eyinkimbinkimbi.
Okwesithathu, ukusebenza kahle kwamagatsha akude. Ezinkampanini ezinezigaba eziningi, kusetshenziswa izixazululo zokugcinwa endaweni eyodwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kolwazi olunokuphindaphinda okusatshalaliswa ngokwezindawo. Igatsha ngalinye lingasebenza ngenani lalo ledatha, elizohlanganiswa libe yisizindalwazi esisodwa sehhovisi eliphakathi. Ngokulandelayo, izinguquko kusizindalwazi esimaphakathi zibonakala kusizindalwazi somnyango.
▍Isakhiwo sezikhungo zedatha esabalalisiwe
Izikhungo zedatha ezisatshalaliswe ngokwendawo zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezine. Kumsebenzisi wangaphandle, zibukeka njengesistimu eyodwa: ukuphathwa kwenzeka ngesevisi eyodwa kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sosekelo.
Izikhungo zedatha ezisatshalaliswe ngokwendawo
▍Izinjongo amabhizinisi adinga kuzo izikhungo zedatha ezisabalalisiwe:
Ukuqhubeka kokucubungula idatha. Ukuqhubeka kuyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezingagwemeki ngaphandle kokumisa izinqubo zebhizinisi, noma ngabe ezinye iziteshi zokuxhumana kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yesistimu kwehluleka. Ngendlela, ikhono lohlelo lokwenza imisebenzi yalo phakathi nesikhathi esihleliwe, kucatshangelwa inkomba yesikhathi esimaphakathi sokusebenza okuphephile kanye nesikhathi sokubuyisela ukusebenza () izinga lokuthembeka kwesikhungo sedatha kunqunywa. Kunamazinga amane esewonke: TIER1, TIER2, TIER3, TIER4; lapho inkomba iphakeme, imishini yesikhungo ithembeke kakhulu futhi iphakamisa izinga layo yonke ingqalasizinda yayo.
Ukwanda kokukhiqiza namandla. Uma kunesidingo (imithwalo ephezulu), ikhono lokukhulisa umthamo kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezikhungo zedatha yokusekelayo ngenxa yomnotho wesilinganiso: ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinsiza zekhompuyutha zalo lonke uhlelo olusabalalisiwe. I-Scalability ihlinzeka ngamakhono ekhompuyutha aguquguqukayo, afunekayo ngokucushwa okuguquguqukayo.
Ukumelana nenhlekelele. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokugcina amandla ekhompuyutha esizeni esikude. Ukusebenza kwesistimu kufinyelelwa ngokusetha indawo yokutakula ye-RPO kanye nesikhathi sokuthola kabusha se-RTO (izinga lokuvikeleka nesivinini sokuthola kabusha lincike emalini).
Izinsizakalo ezisabalalisiwe. Izinsiza ze-IT zenkampani kanye nezinsizakalo zihlukaniswa nengqalasizinda eyisisekelo futhi zilethwa endaweni ehlala abaqashi abaningi ngokufunwa nangesilinganiso.
Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwamasevisi. Ukuze wandise izethameli eziqondiwe zomkhiqizo futhi ufake inkampani ezimakethe zezindawo ezintsha.
Ukuthuthukisa izindleko. Ukudala nokugcina isikhungo sakho sedatha kuyinto enhle kakhulu iphrojekthi. Ezinkampanini eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu ezisatshalaliswe ngokwezindawo kanye nalabo abahlela amaphuzu amasha okuba khona emakethe, ukukhipha ingqalasizinda ye-IT kuzosiza ukonga kakhulu.
Kungani kunenzuzo ngebhizinisi ukuba nesikhungo sedatha esiseduze?
Ezinsizeni eziningi zesimanje kanye nezicelo zebhizinisi, isivinini sokufinyelela kusayithi sibalulekile. Lesi sivinini sincike, okokuqala, ebangeni eliphakathi kwamasayithi wesistimu yesikhungo sedatha esabalalisiwe. Uma kukuncane, khona-ke ukuxhumana kwenziwa lula futhi ukukhiqiza kuyanda ngenxa yokuthi ukubambezeleka kwesignali (ukubambezeleka) kuyancipha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ubhukha. Kukhebula ye-fiber optic, ukubambezeleka kokukhanya kokusabalalisa cishe ku-5 ms/km. Ukubambezeleka kuthinta isikhathi sokwenziwa komsebenzi we-I/O, esingaba ngu-5-10 ms.
Njengoba amasevisi kufanele asebenze njalo, kuyilapho kufanele abe nezinga eliphezulu lokutholakala kanye nesikhathi esincane sokuphumula, kunenzuzo ngebhizinisi ukuqasha ingqalasizinda ye-IT eduze nabasebenzisi bezimakethe eziqondiwe.
Ijubane lokufinyelela endaweni nalo lincike kumishini. Isibonelo, esikhungweni sethu sedatha esisha e-IT Park yase-Kazan, ungathola isiteshi se-inthanethi esingu-100 Mbit/s seseva yakho ebonakalayo ngokufinyelela okunethezeka kakhulu.
Ebhizinisini elinokufinyelela okukhulu kwamanye amazwe, kuhle ukusebenzisa amasayithi angaphandle ukusingatha idatha ukuze ulondoloze izindleko zethrafikhi futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuphendula samakhasi wewebhusayithi kubasebenzisi bangaphandle. Isikhathi eside sokuphendula siyisizathu futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, isizathu sokuthi kungani izethameli zakho ezihlosiwe zibalekela amasayithi akho (izinga eliphezulu lokugxuma okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemikhondo).
Yiziphi izinzuzo zezikhungo zedatha eyisipele?
Uma kucatshangelwa isimo esivame ukungazinzi eRussia emkhakheni wezokuphepha kolwazi (ngokwesibonelo, ukuvinjwa okukhulu kwakamuva kwamakheli e-IP nguRoskomnadzor, okwathinta ngisho nezindawo ezingahlobene neTelegramu), kulula ukuthola ingxenye yengqalasizinda ye-IT yebhizinisi. ngaphandle kohlaka lwezomthetho lwaseRussia. Ake sithi ngokuqasha amaseva esikhungweni sedatha saseSwitzerland, ungaphansi kwemithetho yokuvikela idatha yaseSwitzerland, eqinile kakhulu. Okungukuthi: azikho izinhlaka zikahulumeni zase-Switzerland uqobo (ngaphandle kukahulumeni ezimeni ezikhethekile), noma izikhungo zokugcinwa komthetho zakwamanye amazwe ezikwazi ukufinyelela kunoma yiluphi ulwazi olukumaseva "weSwiss". Ngaphandle kolwazi lweklayenti, idatha ayikwazi ukucelwa ezikhungweni zedatha nakubahlinzeki.
Ukuthunyelwa kwesikhungo sedatha eyisipele (noma ukusingathwa) kusilawuli kude () indawo ilungisiswa ngokwecebo uma kunesidingo sokufuduka okungenabuhlungu kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zebhizinisi ngokusebenza kwazo okungaphazamiseki.
Okuthe xaxa mayelana nesikhungo sedatha saseKazan
Njengoba sesivele sikhuluma ngesikhungo sedatha e-Kazan, ake sizivumele ibhulokhi elincane lokukhangisa. I-"IT Park", ephethe isikhungo sedatha, iyipaki yezobuchwepheshe enkulu kunazo zonke emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eTatarstan. Lesi yisikhungo sedatha sezinga elingu-3 MW TIER2,5 esinendawo eyikhilomitha-skwele enamandla okuthwala ama-rack angaphezu kuka-300.
Ukuphepha ezingeni lomzimba kuqinisekiswa yizifunda ezimbili zokuphepha ezihlomile, amakhamera wevidiyo azungeze umjikelezo, uhlelo lokufinyelela ipasipoti emnyango, uhlelo lwe-biometric ACS (izigxivizo zeminwe) ekamelweni lekhompyutha ngisho nekhodi yokugqoka yezivakashi (izingubo, ezikhethekile. izicathulo zokugqoka ngomshini wokuzifaka).
Wonke amakamelo obuchwepheshe namakamelo e-server afakwe isistimu yokucisha umlilo ezenzakalelayo enezinzwa zentuthu, okuvumela ukuqeda umthombo wokushisa ngaphandle kokulimaza imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ukonga amandla, ukupholisa, nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zisetshenziswa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi izici ezibalulekile zalezi zinhlelo zitholakala emakamelweni ahlukene.
Sithumele indawo yethu ye-hermetic esikhungweni sedatha se-IT Park. Isikhungo sedatha sine-SLA engu-99.982%, okusho ukuthi ithobelana ngokugcwele nezidingo eziphakeme zamazwe ngamazwe zokusimama kokusebenza kwezikhungo zedatha. Inamalayisense avela ku-FSTEC kanye ne-FSB, isitifiketi se-PCI-DSS, esikuvumela ukuthi ubeke okokusebenza ezinhlanganweni ezisebenza ngedatha yomuntu siqu (amabhange nokunye). Futhi, njengenjwayelo, izintengo zamaseva abonakalayo asuka kumhlinzeki osingatha i-RUVDS kulesi sikhungo sedatha awahlukani nezintengo ze kwezinye izikhungo zethu zedatha eMoscow, St. Petersburg, London, Zurich.
Source: www.habr.com