Izokwenziwa nini "i-cheburnet" ku-inthanethi: ukubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi

Njengoba ukhumbula, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 2019, uMongameli wasayina uMthetho othi “Ku-inthanethi Ebusayo,” ozoqala ukusebenza ngoNovemba 1. Umthetho uhloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwengxenye ye-inthanethi yaseRussia uma kwenzeka inqanyulwa ku-World Wide Web noma ukuhlaselwa okuhleliwe. Yini elandelayo?

Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, uMnyango Wezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana ulungiselele isinqumo sikahulumeni esisalungiswa “Ekuvunyweni Kwenqubo yokuphathwa okumaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana zomphakathi.” Ungafunda umbhalo ogcwele wephrojekthi kanye nenqubekelaphambili yengxoxo yayo ku Ingosi yombuso yemibhalo yokulawula.

Lesi sinqumo sichaza “Inqubo yokuphatha okumaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yomphakathi yezokuxhumana.” Okusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho ingxenye yasekhaya ye-inthanethi izokwenziwa "izimele". Futhi futhi ngubani ozokwenza lokhu futhi ngasiphi isisekelo (noma ngaphansi kwasiphi isizathu, kulowo nalowo owakhe).

Ngokuvamile, iphrojekthi ihlanganisa:

• izinhlobo ezisongela ukuzinza, ukuphepha kanye nobuqotho benethiwekhi;
• imithethonqubo yokuhlonza izinsongo, izinyathelo zokuziqeda;
• izidingo zokusebenzisana kwenhlangano nezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okumaphakathi;
• izindlela ze-Roskomnadzor zokunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa imiyalelo ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okumaphakathi;
• izimo nezimo lapho u-opharetha we-telecom enelungelo lokungathuthi ithrafikhi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokubhekana nezinsongo.

Kunini lapho i-Internet iyingozi ngokukhethekile?

Mayelana nento yokugcina ohlwini, iphrojekthi ikhomba izinhlobo ezintathu zokusabisa:

1. izinsongo kubuqotho benethiwekhi - izinsongo zokuphazamiseka kwekhono lamanethiwekhi okuxhumana okuxhumana, lapho kuba nzima khona ukusungula uxhumano kanye (noma) nokudlulisa ulwazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezinsizakalo zokuxhumana.
2. izinsongo ekuzinzeni kwenethiwekhi - izinsongo lapho ikhono lenethiwekhi lokugcina ubuqotho bayo ezindleleni ezijwayelekile zokusebenza liphazamiseka, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwengxenye yezakhi zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala (ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana), njengoba kanye nalapho kuba nemithelela yangaphandle eqeda uzinzo yemvelo kanye nemvelo eyenziwe ngumuntu (ukusinda kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana).
3. izinsongo ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi - izinsongo zokuphazamiseka kwekhono lomsebenzisi we-telecom ukumelana nemizamo yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ku-hardware nesofthiwe yenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlaselwa ngamabomu, umphumela wakho ongase ube ukuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana.

I-Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, ngokuvumelana ne-FSB, inquma uhlu lwezinsongo zamanje. Amathuba okuthi kwenzeke ingozi anganikezwa amazinga alandelayo: aphansi, aphakathi, aphezulu. Izinga lobunzima bosongo lingasethwa libe: eliphansi, eliphakathi, eliphezulu.

Amathuba okuqalisa kanye nezinga lengozi kunqunywa i-Rosokomnadzor, ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuqapha inethiwekhi. Uhlu lwezinsongo zamanje kufanele lushicilelwe kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni.

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu:

"Ukuphathwa okumaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi kwenziwa uma kwenzeka kuba nosongo oluphuthumayo, okungenzeka ukuthi luphezulu futhi (noma) izinga lengozi okunqunywa ukuthi libe phezulu."

Ibhodwe, ungabilisi

Ngaphezu kokuthi “Inqubo yokuphatha okumaphakathi...”, kwethulwa omunye umthethosivivinywa. "Ekuvunyweni kwemithethonqubo yokwenza izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okusimeme, okuphephile nokubalulekile kolwazi nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana "i-inthanethi" kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation" (umbhalo ogcwele).

Le phrojekthi "inquma inqubo yokwenza izivivinyo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kolwazi, ubuqotho nokuzinza kokusebenza kolwazi lwe-inthanethi nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation ...". Incazelo yokuzivocavoca kule phrojekthi inikezwe kanje:

"Izivivinyo ziyiqoqo lemisebenzi yenhlangano, yezobuchwepheshe kanye namaqhinga okuhloswe ngayo ababambiqhaza bokuzivocavoca abenza imisebenzi yokuqeqesha esimweni esithile lapho izinsongo zobuqotho, ukuzinza kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza endaweni ye-Russian Federation ye-Intanethi kanye nomphakathi. amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ayavela."

Izivivinyo zenziwa emazingeni kahulumeni nawesifunda. Abahlanganyeli kulezi zivivinyo, ngokwesinqumo, yilaba:

"Abaqhubi bezokuxhumana, abanikazi noma abanye abanikazi bamanethiwekhi okuxhumana kwezobuchwepheshe, abanikazi noma abanye abanikazi bezindawo zokushintshana kwethrafikhi, abanikazi noma abanye abanikazi bezintambo zokuxhumana eziwela i-State Border of the Russian Federation, abanye abantu, uma labo bantu benenombolo yohlelo oluzimele, kanye noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwedijithali, ezokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana ngobuningi beRussian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense , Izimo Eziphuthumayo kanye Nosizo Lwezinhlekelele, Isevisi Kahulumeni Yokuqondisa Ubuchwepheshe Bezokuxhumana Nolwazi kanye nokuxhumana ngobuningi, I-Federal Communications Agency. Ezinye iziphathimandla zezwe kanye nohulumeni basekhaya bangase babambe iqhaza ekuzilolongeni ngesinqumo soMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwedijithali, Wezokuxhumana kanye Nokuxhumana Okuningi we-Russian Federation.”

Izinjongo ezibaluliwe zalo msebenzi yilezi:

• ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ubuqotho nokuzinza kokusebenza kwe-Inthanethi kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi endaweni ye-Russian Federation;
• ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ubuqotho nokuzinza kokusebenza kwe-Inthanethi ye-Russian Federation (yebo, sekuvele kunqunywe ukuthi kukhona "i-intanethi" ye-Russian Federation);
• ukubuyiselwa kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zemvelo nezenziwe umuntu.

Izinjongo eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zibukeka kanje:

• ukuzimisela kanye nokuqaliswa okusebenzayo kwezinyathelo zokuhlonza izinsongo ekuvikelekeni kolwazi, ubuqotho kanye nokusimama kolwazi lwe-inthanethi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation, kanye nokucacisa amamodeli wosongo;
• ukuvuselela amazinga okuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kokusebenza kolwazi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana "i-inthanethi" kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation;
• ukuqeqeshwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu okuqinisekisa ukusimama kokusebenza kolwazi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana "i-inthanethi" kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation;
• ucwaningo kanye nokwenza ngcono amasu nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kolwazi kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana "i-inthanethi" kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yomphakathi endaweni yeRussian Federation.

Ngokusekelwe ohlelweni, i-oda loMnyango Wezocingo kanye Nokuxhumana KwamaMisa waseRussia linquma umholi wokuzivocavoca kanye nezikhulu ezifakwe ebuholini bomsebenzi, izinsiza ezimaphakathi, amaqembu okulawula nokucwaninga (uma kunesidingo), kanye nezinhlangano. emkhakheni wezokuxhumana obambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi.

Izinhlangano ezibamba iqhaza ekuzilolongeni zingabandakanya abaqhubi bezingcingo, okuhlanganisa abanikazi bezindawo zokushintshana kwethrafikhi, abanikazi bezintambo zokuxhumana namanethiwekhi okuxhumana ezobuchwepheshe, nabantu abanezinombolo zesistimu ezizimele.

Phakathi nenyanga ngemva kokuphela komsebenzi, Isikhungo Sokuqapha Nokuphathwa Kwe-Public Communications Network, ngokubambisana neziphathimandla eziphezulu zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele, ukuqhathanisa, ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo izivivinyo ezenziwe, futhi isiphetho kuthuthukiswa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni.

Isiphetho sigunyazwe uMnyango Wezocingo Nezokuxhumana Ngokuhlanganyela noMnyango Wezokuvikela we-Russian Federation, i-FSB kanye ne-FSO, futhi iqukethe izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kolwazi, ubuqotho kanye nokusimama kwe-inthanethi kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi I-Russian Federation kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lokuqaliswa kwabo.

okutholakele

Kodwa ngeke kube khona. Kukhona ukuqagela okuningi kakhulu ngale ndaba. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinkampani ze-IT kuzofanele zithole njalo amalayisensi I-FSB, FSTEC noma ezinye izinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu. Noma mhlawumbe kuzoba nezivivinyo zekhono lokusebenza uma unqanyulwa kuwebhu ebanzi. Ubani owaziyo ukuthi usuku oluzayo lusiphatheleni?

Source: www.habr.com