Okuhamba phambili: Madoda namanenekazi, le nkulumo ihlekisa kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa kakhulu, namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinto zangempela ezibonwa ku-inthanethi. Le ngxoxo ihluke kancane kunalezi esizijwayele ezingqungqutheleni zeBlack Hat ngoba sizokhuluma ngendlela abahlaseli abayenza ngayo imali ngokuhlaselwa kwabo.
Sizokukhombisa ukuhlasela okuthakazelisayo okungenza inzuzo, futhi sikutshele mayelana nokuhlasela okwenzeka ngempela ngobusuku esadlula ngabo e-Jägermeister futhi sabonisana. Bekumnandi, kepha lapho sivuka kancane, sakhuluma nabantu be-SEO futhi empeleni safunda ukuthi abantu abaningi benza imali ngalokhu kuhlaselwa.
Ngimane nje ngingumphathi omaphakathi ongenangqondo, ngakho-ke ngizodela isihlalo sami futhi ngikwethulele uJeremy noTrey, abahlakaniphe kakhulu kunami. Kufanele ngibe nesingeniso esihlakaniphile nesijabulisayo, kodwa anginaso, ngakho ngizobonisa lawa maslayidi esikhundleni salokho.
Amaslayidi abonisa uJeremy Grossman noTrey Ford aboniswa esikrinini.
U-Jeremy Grossman ungumsunguli kanye nesikhulu esiyinhloko sezobuchwepheshe se-WhiteHat Security, eqanjwe enye yama-CTO angu-2007 aphezulu yi-InfoWorld ngo-25, umsunguli we-Web Application Security Consortium, kanye nomlobi obambisene wokuhlaselwa kwemibhalo ehlukahlukene.
UTrey Ford unguMqondisi we-Architectural Solutions kwa-WhiteHat Security, onokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engu-6 njengomeluleki wezokuphepha wezinkampani ze-Fortune 500 futhi ongomunye wabathuthukisi bezinga lokuphepha kwedatha yekhadi lokukhokha le-PCI DSS.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lezi zithombe zingenza ngingabi namahlaya. Kunoma yikuphi, ngithemba ukuthi uzoyithokozela isethulo sabo bese uqonda ukuthi lokhu kuhlasela kusetshenziswa kanjani ku-inthanethi ukwenza imali.
UJeremy Grossman: Sawubona, ngibonga wonke umuntu ngokuza. Lena kuzoba yingxoxo emnandi kakhulu, nakuba ungeke ubone ukuhlaselwa kwezinsuku eziyiziro noma ubuchwepheshe obusha obupholile. Sizozama nje ukukwenza kujabulise futhi sikhulume ngezinto zangempela ezenzeka nsuku zonke ezivumela abantu ababi ukuba benze imali eningi.
Asizami ukukuhlaba umxhwele ngalokho okuboniswa kulesi silayidi, kodwa sichaza nje ukuthi inkampani yethu yenzani. Ngakho-ke, i-White Hat Sentinel, noma "Isigqoko Esimhlophe Somgadi" sithi:
- inombolo engenamkhawulo yokuhlola - ukulawula kanye nokuphathwa kochwepheshe bezindawo zamaklayenti, ikhono lokuskena amasayithi kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bawo kanye nemvamisa yezinguquko;
- ububanzi bokuhlanganisa - ukuskena okugunyaziwe kwamasayithi ukuze kutholwe ukukhubazeka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa komsebenzisi ukuze kuhlonzwe amaphutha anengqondo ezindaweni zebhizinisi ezingamboziwe;
- ukususa imibono engelona iqiniso - ithimba lethu elisebenzayo libuyekeza imiphumela futhi linikeze ubukhali obufanele kanye nesilinganiso sokusongela;
- ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi - uhlelo lwe-WhiteHat Satellite Appliance lusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise izinhlelo zamaklayenti ukude ngokufinyelela kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza ngcono - ukuskena okungokoqobo kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyekeze ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo uhlelo.
Ngakho-ke, sihlola zonke izingosi emhlabeni, sineqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lama-pentester ohlelo lwewebhu, senza izivivinyo zokuhlola ezingu-600-700 isonto ngalinye, futhi yonke imininingwane ozoyibona kule phrezentheshini ivela kulokho esikwenzayo ngokwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi. .
Kusilayidi esilandelayo ubona izinhlobo ezingu-10 ezivame kakhulu zokuhlasela kumawebhusayithi omhlaba. Lokhu kubonisa amaphesenti okuba sengozini ekuhlaselweni okuthile. Njengoba ubona, ama-65% azo zonke izingosi asengozini yokubhalwa phansi kwezindawo ezihlukene, ama-40% avumela ukuvuza kolwazi, futhi ama-23% asengozini yokukhwabanisa okuqukethwe. Ngokungeziwe ekubhalweni okunqamula indawo, imijovo ye-SQL kanye nenkohliso yesicelo sesizindalwazi esidume kabi, engafakiwe kwabayishumi bethu abaphambili, kuvamile. Kodwa lolu hlu luqukethe ukuhlaselwa okunamagama e-esoteric, achazwa kusetshenziswa ulimi olungacacile futhi okucacile ukuthi aqondiswe ezinkampanini ezithile.
Lawa amaphutha okuqinisekisa, amaphutha enqubo yokugunyaza, ukuvuza kolwazi, nokunye.
Isilayidi esilandelayo sikhuluma ngokuhlaselwa komqondo webhizinisi. Amaqembu e-QA abandakanyekayo ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi ngokuvamile awawanaki. Bahlola lokho isofthiwe okufanele yenze, hhayi lokho engakwenza, bese ungabona noma yini oyifunayo. Izikena, wonke lawa Mabhokisi Amhlophe/Amnyama/Ampunga, wonke lawa mabhokisi anemibala eminingi awakwazi ukuthola lezi zinto ezikhathini eziningi, ngoba avele alungiswe kumongo wokuthi ukuhlasela kungaba yini noma okwenzeka okufanayo uma kwenzeka. Bantula ubuhlakani futhi abazi noma kukhona okusebenzile noma cha.
Okufanayo kuya kuma-firewall ohlelo lwe-IDS kanye ne-WAF, nawo ahlulekayo ukuthola amaphutha engqondo yebhizinisi ngoba izicelo ze-HTTP zibukeka zijwayelekile ngokuphelele. Sizokukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa okuhlobene namaphutha engqondo yebhizinisi kuvele ngokwemvelo, abekho abaduni, abekho ama-metacharacts noma okunye okungajwayelekile, kubukeka njengezinqubo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo. Okubalulekile ukuthi abantu ababi bayazithanda lezi zinto ngoba amaphutha engqondo yebhizinisi abenza imali. Basebenzisa i-XSS, i-SQL, i-CSRF, kodwa lezi zinhlobo zokuhlasela ziba nzima kakhulu ukuzenza, futhi sibonile ukuthi zehle kule minyaka engu-3-5 edlule. Kodwa ngeke zinyamalale ngokwazo, njengoba nje ukuchichima kwe-buffer kungeke kuphele. Kodwa-ke, abantu ababi bacabanga ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani ukuhlasela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi "ababi bangempela" bahlale befuna ukwenza imali ngokuhlaselwa kwabo.
Ngifuna ukukubonisa amaqhinga angempela ongawathatha futhi uwasebenzise ngendlela efanele ukuze uvikele ibhizinisi lakho. Enye inhloso yesethulo sethu ukuthi ungahle uzibuze ngezimiso zokuziphatha.
Ukuvota okuku-inthanethi nokuvota
Ngakho-ke, ukuze siqale ingxoxo yethu mayelana nokushiyeka komqondo webhizinisi, ake sikhulume ngezinhlolovo eziku-inthanethi. Ukuvota okuku-inthanethi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuthola noma ukuthonya umbono womphakathi. Sizoqala ngenzuzo ye-$0 bese sibheka umphumela wezinyanga ezingu-5, 6, 7 zezinhlelo zokukhwabanisa. Ake siqale ngokwenza ucwaningo olulula kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthi yonke iwebhusayithi entsha, yonke ibhulogi, yonke ingosi yezindaba yenza izinhlolovo eziku-inthanethi. Sekushiwo lokho, ayikho i-niche enkulu kakhulu noma encane kakhulu, kodwa sifuna ukubona umbono womphakathi ezindaweni ezithile.
Ngingathanda ukudonsela ukunaka kwakho kwelinye inhlolovo eyenziwa e-Austin, eTexas. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Austin beagle iwine i-Westminster Dog Show, i-Austin American Statesman yanquma ukwenza inhlolovo ye-Oustin's Best in Show ku-inthanethi yabanikazi bezinja e-Central Texas. Izinkulungwane zabanikazi bathumele izithombe futhi bavotela izintandokazi zabo. Njengezinye izinhlolovo eziningi, ubungekho umklomelo ngaphandle kwamalungelo okugabisa ngesilwane sakho esifuywayo.
Kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwe-Web 2.0 ukuvota. Uchofoze okuthi “yebo” uma uthanda inja futhi uthole ukuthi kwakuyinja engcono kakhulu ohlotsheni noma cha. Ngakho uvotele amakhulu ambalwa ezinja ezithunyelwe kusayithi njengamakhandidethi owinile wombukiso.
Ngale ndlela yokuvota, izinhlobo ezi-3 zokukopela zazingenzeka. Elokuqala ivoti elingapheli, lapho uvotela inja efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kulula kakhulu. Indlela yesibili ukuvota okuningi okunegethivu, lapho uvota khona izikhathi eziningi ngokumelene nenja eqhudelanayo. Indlela yesithathu yayiwukuthi, ngokoqobo ngomzuzu wokugcina womncintiswano, ubeke inja entsha, wayivotela, ukuze ithuba lokuthola amavoti angalungile libe lincane, futhi uwine ngokuthola amavoti amahle angu-100%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqoba kwanqunywa njengephesenti, hhayi ngenani eliphelele lamavoti, okungukuthi, awukwazanga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inja ethole inani eliphakeme lezilinganiso ezinhle, kubalwa kuphela iphesenti lezilinganiso ezinhle nezingezinhle zenja ethile. . Inja enesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu samaphuzu aqondile/abi iwinile.
Uzakwethu u-Robert "RSnake" umngane ka-Hansen umcele ukuthi amsize u-Chihuahua Tiny awine umncintiswano. Uyamazi uRobert, ungowase-Austin. Yena, njengomgebengu omkhulu, ulungise ummeleli weBurp futhi walandela indlela yokumelana okuncane. Usebenzise indlela yokukopela engu-#1, eyiqhuba nge-Burp loop yezicelo ezingamakhulu ambalwa noma izinkulungwane, futhi lokhu kwalethela inja amavoti angu-2000 futhi kwamletha endaweni yokuqala.
Okulandelayo, wasebenzisa iqhinga lokukopela elingunombolo 2 ephikisana nombangi kaTiny, oteketiswa ngelikaChuchu. Emizuzwini yokugcina yomncintiswano, uthole amavoti angu-450 ephikisana noChuchu, okuqinise nakakhulu isikhundla sika-Tiny endaweni yokuqala ngenani lamavoti elingaphezu kuka-1:2, kodwa ngokwephesenti lokubukezwa okuhle nokubi, u-Tiny usahlulwe. Kulesi silayidi ubona ubuso obusha besigebengu se-inthanethi, odanyazwe yilo mphumela.
Yebo, kwakuyisimo esithakazelisayo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi umngane wami akakuthandanga lokhu kusebenza. Ubufuna ukuwina umncintiswano we-Chihuahua e-Austin, kodwa kube khona othile ozame ukukugebenga enze into efanayo. Hhayi-ke, manje ngidlulisela ucingo kuTrey.
Ukudala isidingo sokwenziwa nokwenza imali kuso
I-Trey Ford: Umqondo wokuthi "i-DoS yokwenziwa" isho izimo eziningana ezithakazelisayo lapho sithenga amathikithi ku-inthanethi. Isibonelo, lapho ubeka isihlalo esikhethekile endizeni. Lokhu kungasebenza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwethikithi, njengomcimbi wezemidlalo noma ikhonsathi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthengwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinto eziyivelakancane njengezihlalo zendiza, izinto ezibonakalayo, amagama abasebenzisi, njll., uhlelo lokusebenza lukhiya into isikhathi esithile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungqubuzana. Futhi nakhu kufika ubungozi obuhlobene nekhono lokubekela okuthile kusengaphambili.
Sonke siyazi mayelana nesikhathi sokuvala, sonke siyazi ngokuqeda iseshini. Kodwa leli phutha elithile elinengqondo lisivumela ukuthi sikhethe isihlalo endizeni bese sibuyela ukuze sikhethe futhi ngaphandle kokukhokha lutho. Impela abaningi benu bavame ukuya ohambweni lwebhizinisi, kodwa kimina lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi. Siyihlole le-algorithm ezindaweni eziningi: ukhetha indiza, ukhethe isihlalo, futhi uma usulungile kuphela ufaka imininingwane yakho yokukhokha. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokukhetha indawo, igcinelwe wena isikhathi esithile - kusukela emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa, futhi ngalesi sikhathi akekho omunye ongabhuka le ndawo. Ngenxa yalesi sikhathi sokulinda, unethuba langempela lokugodla zonke izihlalo endizeni ngokumane ubuyele kuwebhusayithi futhi ubhukhe izihlalo ozifunayo.
Ngakho, inketho yokuhlasela ye-DoS ivela: phinda ngokuzenzakalelayo lo mjikelezo esihlalweni ngasinye endizeni.
Sikuhlolile lokhu okungenani ezindizeni ezimbili ezinkulu zezindiza. Ungathola ubungozi obufanayo nanoma yikuphi okunye ukubhuka. Leli yithuba elihle lokukhuphula amanani amathikithi akho kulabo abafuna ukuwathengisa futhi. Ukwenza lokhu, abaqageli bamane badinga ukubhuka amathikithi asele ngaphandle kwengozi yokulahlekelwa yimali. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi “ukuphahlazeka” i-e-commerce ethengisa imikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu - imidlalo yevidiyo, ama-consoles wegeyimu, ama-iPhone, njalo njalo. Okusho ukuthi, iphutha elikhona ekubhukheni kwe-inthanethi noma isistimu yokubhuka ivumela umhlaseli ukuthi enze imali ngayo noma adale umonakalo kwabaqhudelana naye.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Captcha
UJeremy Grossman: Manje ake sikhulume nge-captcha. Wonke umuntu uyazazi lezo zithombe ezicasulayo ezilahla ku-inthanethi futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nogaxekile. Ngokunokwenzeka, ungenza inzuzo nge-captcha. I-Captcha isivivinyo se-Turing esizenzakalelayo esikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise umuntu wangempela ku-bot. Ngithole izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngenkathi ngicwaninga ukusetshenziswa kwe-captcha.
I-Captcha yaqala ukusetshenziswa cishe ngo-2000-2001. Othumela ogaxekile bafuna ukususa i-captcha ukuze babhalisele izinsiza ze-imeyili zamahhala i-Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Windows Live Mail, MySpace, FaceBook, njll. bese uthumela ugaxekile. Njengoba i-captcha isetshenziswa kakhulu, sekuvele imakethe yonke yezinsizakalo ezinikeza ukweqa i-captcha etholakala yonke indawo. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuletha inzuzo - isibonelo kungaba ukuthumela ugaxekile. Kunezindlela ezi-3 zokudlula i-captcha, ake sizibheke.
Okokuqala amaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kombono, noma amaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-captcha.
Ngakho-ke, izimpendulo zemibuzo ziqukethe i-entropy encane kakhulu, njengokuthi "bhala ukuthi u-4+1 ulingana nakho." Imibuzo efanayo ingase iphindwe izikhathi eziningi, futhi ububanzi bezimpendulo ezingaba khona zincane kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kwe-captcha kuhlolwa ngale ndlela:
- ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umuntu neseva bekude komunye nomunye,
ukuhlolwa akufanele kube nzima kumuntu ngamunye; - umbuzo kufanele ube ngendlela yokuthi umuntu akwazi ukuwuphendula ngemizuzwana embalwa,
Yilowo kuphela obuzwa kuye okufanele aphendule; - ukuphendula umbuzo kumele kube nzima kukhompuyutha;
- ulwazi lwemibuzo edlule, izimpendulo noma inhlanganisela yazo akufanele kuthinte ukubikezelwa kokuhlolwa okulandelayo;
- ukuhlolwa akufanele kubandlulule abantu abangaboni kahle noma abangezwa kahle;
- ukuhlolwa akumele kucheme ngokwendawo, ngokwesiko noma ngokwezilimi.
Njengoba kuvela, ukudala i-captcha "elungile" kunzima kakhulu.
Ububi besibili be-captcha ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukuqashelwa kohlamvu lwe-OCR optical. Ucezu lwekhodi luyakwazi ukufunda isithombe se-captcha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siqukethe umsindo ongakanani obonakalayo, bheka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlamvu noma izinombolo ezakhayo, futhi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokuqaphela. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ama-captcha amaningi angaqhekeka kalula.
Ngizonikeza izingcaphuno ezivela kochwepheshe abavela eSikoleni Sesayensi Yekhompyutha eNyuvesi yaseNewcastle, e-UK. Bakhuluma ngokukhululeka kwe-captcha ye-Microsoft: "ukuhlasela kwethu kukwazile ukuzuza izinga lempumelelo ye-segmentation engu-92%, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-MSN captcha lungaqhekeka ku-60% wamacala ngokuhlukanisa isithombe bese sibona. ” Ukweqa i-captcha ye-Yahoo kwaba lula: “ukuhlasela kwethu kwesibili kuzuze impumelelo ye-segmentation engu-33,4%. Ngakho-ke, cishe u-25,9% wama-captchas angaqhekeka. Ucwaningo lwethu luphakamisa ukuthi ama-spammers akufanele nanini asebenzise abantu abashibhile ukuze badlule i-captcha ye-Yahoo, kodwa kunalokho bathembele ekuhlaselweni okuzenzakalelayo okunezindleko eziphansi."
Indlela yesithathu yokudlula i-captcha ibizwa ngokuthi "Mechanical Turk", noma "Turk". Sayihlola ngokumelene ne-captcha ye-Yahoo ngokushesha ngemva kokushicilelwa, futhi kuze kube namuhla asazi, futhi akekho owaziyo, ukuvikela kanjani ekuhlaselweni okunjalo.
Kulokhu lapho unomuntu omubi ozosebenzisa isayithi "yabantu abadala" noma igeyimu eku-inthanethi lapho abasebenzisi bacela khona okuqukethwe okuthile. Ngaphambi kokuthi babone isithombe esilandelayo, isayithi elingumnikazi we-inthanethi lizokwenza isicelo sokubuyela emuva ohlelweni oluku-inthanethi olujwayelene nalo, ithi Yahoo noma i-Google, bamba i-captcha lapho bese uyishuthele kumsebenzisi. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho umsebenzisi ephendula umbuzo, umagebengu uzothumela i-captcha eqageliwe kusayithi eliqondiwe futhi abonise umsebenzisi isithombe esiceliwe kusayithi lakhe. Uma unesayithi elidume kakhulu elinokuqukethwe okuningi okuthakazelisayo, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ibutho labantu elizogcwalisela ama-captcha abanye abantu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuyinto enamandla kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, akubona abantu kuphela abazama ukudlula ama-captchas; amabhizinisi nawo asebenzisa le nqubo. U-Robert "RSnake" Hansen wake wakhuluma kubhulogi yakhe "nomxazululi we-captcha" waseRomania owathi angakwazi ukuxazulula kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-500 captchas ngehora ngesilinganiso se-9 kuya ku-15 zamadola ngezinkulungwane ze-captchas ezixazululiwe.
Usho ngokuqondile ukuthi amalungu eqembu lakhe asebenza amahora angu-12 ngosuku, exazulula ama-captchas angaba ngu-4800 ngalesi sikhathi, futhi kuye ngokuthi ama-captcha anzima kangakanani, angathola imali efika ku-$50 ngosuku ngomsebenzi wawo. Lokhu kube okuthunyelwe okuthakazelisayo, kodwa okuthakazelisa nakakhulu amazwana abasebenzisi bebhulogi abawashiye ngaphansi kwalokhu okuthunyelwe. Umlayezo uvele ngokushesha ovela eVietnam, lapho u-Quang Hung othile abike khona mayelana neqembu lakhe labantu abangu-20, abavuma ukusebenzela u-$4 ngama-captchas angu-1000 aqagelwa.
Umlayezo olandelayo wawuvela eBangladesh: “Sawubona! Ngethemba ukuthi ulungile! Siyinkampani ehamba phambili yokucubungula evela eBangladesh. Njengamanje, opharetha bethu abangama-30 bayakwazi ukuxazulula ama-captchas angaphezu kuka-100000 ngosuku. Sinikeza izimo ezinhle kakhulu nezinga eliphansi - $2 kuma-captchas aqagelwe angu-1000 avela kumasayithi e-Yahoo, Hotmail, Mayspace, Gmail, Facebook, njll. Sibheke ngabomvu ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisana."
Omunye umlayezo othakazelisayo wathunyelwa uBabu othile: “Ngiyawuthanda lo msebenzi, ngicela ungishayele ucingo.”
Ngakho kuyathakazelisa impela. Singaphikisana ngokuthi lo msebenzi usemthethweni noma ungekho emthethweni kangakanani, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi abantu benza imali ngawo.
Ukuthola ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti abanye abantu
I-Trey Ford: Isimo esilandelayo esizokhuluma ngaso esokwenza imali ngokuthatha i-akhawunti yomunye umuntu.
Wonke umuntu ukhohlwa amagama ayimfihlo, futhi ekuhloleni ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza, ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi nokubhaliswa ku-inthanethi kumelela izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene, ezigxilile zebhizinisi. Kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kokulula kokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi yakho kanye nokuba lula kokubhalisa, ngakho kufanele ulwele ukwenza inqubo yokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa uma sizama ukuyenza ibe lula, kuba nenkinga ngoba kulula ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi, ivikeleke kancane.
Elinye lamacala aphakeme kakhulu abandakanya ukubhaliswa ku-inthanethi kusetshenziswa isevisi yokuqinisekisa yomsebenzisi ye-Sprint. Amalungu amabili eqembu le-White Hat asebenzise i-Sprint ukubhaliswa ku-inthanethi. Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uziqinisekise ukufakazela ukuthi unguwe, uqale ngokuthile okulula njengenombolo yakho yocingo. Udinga ukubhaliswa ku-inthanethi kwezinto ezinjengokuphatha i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange, ukukhokhela izinsizakalo, nokunye. Ukuthenga amafoni kulula kakhulu uma ungakwenza nge-akhawunti yomunye umuntu bese uthenge futhi wenze okwengeziwe. Enye yezinketho zomkhonyovu ukushintsha ikheli lokukhokha, uku-oda ukulethwa kwenqwaba yomakhalekhukhwini ekhelini lakho, futhi isisulu sizophoqeleka ukuba sibakhokhele. Izihlanya ezilandelanayo nazo ziyaphupha ngaleli thuba: ukwengeza ukusebenza kokulandela i-GPS emafonini ezisulu zabo nokulandelela konke ukunyakaza kwazo kunoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha.
Ngakho-ke, i-Sprint inikeza eminye yemibuzo elula yokuqinisekisa ubuwena. Njengoba sazi, ukuphepha kungaqinisekiswa ngohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwe-entropy, noma ngezindaba ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngizokufundela ingxenye yenqubo yokubhalisa ye-Sprint ngoba i-entropy iphansi kakhulu. Isibonelo, kukhona umbuzo: "khetha uhlobo lwemoto olubhaliswe ekhelini elilandelayo," futhi izinketho zomkhiqizo yi-Lotus, i-Honda, i-Lamborghini, i-Fiat, futhi "akukho kulokhu okungenhla." Ngitshele, yimuphi kinina onakho kokungenhla? Njengoba ubona, le ndida eyinselele iyithuba elihle nje lokuthi umfundi wasekolishi athole amafoni ashibhile.
Umbuzo wesibili: “Imuphi kulaba bantu abalandelayo ohlala nawe noma ohlala kuleli kheli elingezansi”? Kulula kakhulu ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ngisho noma ungamazi nhlobo lo muntu. UJerry Stifliin - lesi sibongo sinama-"ays" amathathu kuwo, sizofika kulokho ngesekhondi - uRalph Argen, uJerome Ponicki noJohn Pace. Okujabulisayo ngalolu hlu ukuthi amagama anikeziwe awahleliwe, futhi wonke angaphansi kwephethini efanayo. Uma ubala, ngeke ube nobunzima ekuboneni igama langempela, ngoba lihlukile emagameni akhethwe ngokungahleliwe kokuthile kwesici, kulokhu izinhlamvu ezintathu "i". Ngakho, i-Stayfliin ngokusobala akulona igama elingahleliwe, futhi kulula ukuqagela, lo muntu umgomo wakho. Kulula kakhulu.
Umbuzo wesithathu: “Yimaphi amadolobha asohlwini ongakaze uhlale kuwo noma awukaze usebenzise leli dolobha ekhelini lakho?” - Longmont, North Hollywood, Genoa noma Butte? Sinezindawo ezintathu ezinabantu abaningi ezizungeze i-Washington DC, ngakho-ke impendulo esobala yiNorth Hollywood.
Kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uziqaphele ngokubhaliswa kwe-inthanethi kwe-Sprint. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambilini, ungase ulimale kakhulu uma umhlaseli ekwazi ukushintsha ikheli lokuthumela ukuze athengwe kulwazi lwakho lokukhokha. Okuthusa kakhulu ukuthi sinesevisi Yendawo Yendawo Ephathwayo.
Ngayo, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabasebenzi bakho, njengoba abantu basebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini kanye ne-GPS, futhi ungabona ebalazweni ukuthi bakuphi. Ngakho-ke kukhona ezinye izinto ezinhle ezithakazelisayo ezenzeka kule nqubo.
Njengoba wazi, lapho usetha kabusha iphasiwedi, ikheli le-imeyili liza kuqala kunezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa komsebenzisi nemibuzo yokuphepha. Isilayidi esilandelayo sibonisa izinsiza eziningi ezinikeza ukukhombisa ikheli lakho le-imeyili uma umsebenzisi enobunzima bokungena ku-akhawunti yakhe.
Siyazi ukuthi abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-imeyili futhi bane-akhawunti ye-imeyili. Kusenjalo abantu bafuna indlela yokwenza imali ngayo. Uyohlala uthola ikheli le-imeyili lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe, ulifake efomini, futhi uzoba nethuba lokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti ofuna ukuyisebenzisa. Ube usuyisebenzisa kunethiwekhi yakho, bese lelo bhokisi lemeyili libe indawo yakho yokugcina impahla yegolide, indawo eyinhloko lapho ungeba khona wonke amanye ama-akhawunti esisulu. Uzothola konke ukubhalisa kwesisulu ngokuthatha ibhokisi leposi elilodwa nje. Yeka ukumamatheka, lokhu kubucayi!
Isilayidi esilandelayo sibonisa ukuthi zingaki izigidi zabantu ezisebenzisa izinsiza ze-imeyili ezihambisanayo. Abantu basebenzisa i-Gmail, i-Yahoo Mail, i-Hotmail, i-AOL Mail ngenkuthalo, kodwa akudingekile ukuba ube isigebengu esinamandla ukuze uthathe ama-akhawunti abo, ungagcina izandla zakho zihlanzekile ngokukhipha umsebenzi. Ungahlala uthi akuhlangene nakho, awenzanga into enjalo.
Ngakho-ke, isevisi eku-inthanethi "Ukubuyisela Iphasiwedi" izinze e-China, lapho ukhokhela khona ukuthi bagebe i-akhawunti "yakho". Ngo-300 yuan, okungaba ngu-$43, ungazama ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi yebhokisi leposi langaphandle ngezinga lempumelelo elingu-85%. Ngo-200 yuan, noma u-$29, uzoba nempumelelo engu-90% ekusetheni kabusha iphasiwedi yakho yebhokisi leposi lesevisi ye-imeyili. Kubiza inkulungwane yamayuan, noma u-$143, ukungena ebhokisini leposi lanoma iyiphi inkampani, kodwa impumelelo ayiqinisekisiwe. Ungakwazi futhi ukuphuma ngezinsizakalo zokuqhekeka kwephasiwedi 163, 126, QQ, Yahoo, Sohu, Sina, TOM, Hotmail, MSN, njll.
Ingqungquthela EMNYAMA HAT USA. Ceba noma ufe: yenza imali online usebenzisa izindlela zesigqoko esimnyama. Ingxenye 2 (isixhumanisi sizotholakala kusasa)
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