Ngihloniphekile ngokuba lapha, kodwa ngicela ningangigegeli. Amakhompyutha asevele angizonda, ngakho ngidinga ukwenza ubungane nabantu abaningi kuleli gumbi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngingathanda ukuveza i-trifle eyodwa encane evela kumlando wami othakazelisayo ezilalelini zaseMelika. Ngazalelwa futhi ngakhulela emajukujukwini aseningizimu yezwe, eduze kwaseGeorgia. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela. Ima kancane, ngikutshele ukuthi amakhompyutha ayangizonda!
Isilayidi esisodwa salahleka, kodwa empeleni lokhu kuseningizimu impela ye-USSR, lapho ngazalelwa khona eriphabhulikhi eyayiseduze neRiphabhulikhi yaseGeorgia (inothi lomhumushi: igama lesifunda saseGeorgia neRiphabhulikhi yaseGeorgia. umsindo ofanayo ngesiNgisi).
Ngikhuluma ngezwe lakithi, into ehlekisayo ukuthi incwadi yami yokugcina, Ukucabanga Okujulile, yabhalwa ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, mayelana nezinto engihlangabezane nazo ngilwa namakhompyutha, kanye nencwadi eyabhalwa eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kwalokho yayibizwa ngokuthi Winter is Coming. Kwakungeyona i-Game of Thrones synopsis, yayimayelana no-Vladimir Putin kanye nokulwela umhlaba wamahhala, kodwa lapho ngenza ukuvakasha kwezincwadi, wonke umuntu wayefuna ukungibuza nge-chess nekhompyutha ye-IBM Deep Blue. Manje, lapho ngethula incwadi ethi "Deep Thinking", wonke umuntu ufuna ukungibuza ngoPutin. Kodwa ngizama ukuhlala esihlokweni, futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kuzoba nemibuzo embalwa ngemva kwalesi sethulo engizokujabulela ukuyiphendula. Angiyena usopolitiki, ngakho angikunqeni ukuphendula imibuzo.
Kungase kubonakale kungavamile ukuthi umdlalo we-chess, owaqala ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, uNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi nini, isifaniso esiphelele sobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngoba uma sikhuluma nge-AI, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uhlamvu engimele ukuhlakanipha, futhi kukhona ayikho into ekhombisa ukuthi ingcono kune-chess.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-chess imane nje iwukuzilibazisa abantu abazitika ngakho emakhefi. Uma ubheka indalo yaseHollywood, wonke umuntu udlala i-chess - njengabafokazi, i-X-men, i-Wizard, ama-vampires. Ifilimu engiyithandayo, "i-Casablanca" no-Humphrey Bogart, nayo imayelana ne-chess, futhi uma ngibuka le movie, ngihlale ngifuna ukuma endaweni yokubuka ngaphakathi kwesikrini futhi ngibone ibhodi lika-Bogart. Udlala ukuzivikela kwaseFrance, okwakudume kakhulu ekuqaleni kwawo-40s. Ngicabanga ukuthi uBogart wayengumdlali we-chess ohloniphekile.
Ngithanda ukusho ukuthi u-Alfred Binet, omunye wabasunguli bokuhlolwa kwe-IQ ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, wancoma ukuhlakanipha kwabadlali be-chess futhi wakufunda iminyaka eminingi. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi umdlalo we-chess wakhanga labo abafuna ukwakha imishini ehlakaniphile. Nokho, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi imishini ezihlakaniphile ezifana von Kempelen sika "Turk" imane nje umkhonyovu omkhulu. Kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, lo mshini we-chess wawuyisimangaliso esikhulu, wavakashela eYurophu naseMelika futhi walwa nabadlali abaqinile nababuthakathaka njengoFranklin noNapoleon, kodwa-ke konke kwakuyinkohliso. "I-Turk" yayingewona umshini wangempela, kwakuyisimiso sokuqala semishini yamapaneli okuslayida nezibuko, lapho umdlali oqinile ecashe khona - indoda.
Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi eminyakeni eyikhulu noma engamakhulu amabili kamuva, phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, isimo esiphambene sibonwe - sibona emiqhudelwaneni ukuthi abadlali abangabantu bazama ukufihla amadivaysi ekhompyutha emaphaketheni abo. Ngakho manje kufanele sibheke ikhompuyutha efihliwe emzimbeni womuntu.
Nokho, izindaba ezihilela imishini azaziwa ngokuqhathaniswa. Umshini wokuqala wokudlala i-chess wavela ngo-1912, wawudlala kusetshenziswa ingxenye eyodwa yomshini, wawungakwazi ukuguqula i-checkmate ibe i-rook, kodwa wawungenakubizwa ngokuthi i-prototype yekhompyutha yokuqala.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amavulandlela wokuklama amakhompiyutha anjengo-Alan Turing noClaude Shannon ayenesithakazelo esikhulu ku-chess. Babekholelwa ukuthi ukudlala i-chess kungadalula izimfihlo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Futhi uma ngolunye usuku ikhompuyutha ishaya umdlali we-chess ojwayelekile noma umpetha womhlaba we-chess, lokhu kuzoba ukubonakaliswa kokuvela kwe-AI.
Uma ukhumbula, u-Alan Turing wadala uhlelo lokuqala lwekhompyutha lokudlala i-chess ngo-1952, futhi lokhu kwaba impumelelo enkulu, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi kwakungekho amakhompyutha ngaleso sikhathi. Kwakumane kuyi-algorithm ayeyisebenzisa ukudlala i-chess, futhi yayisebenza njengeprosesa yekhompyutha yomuntu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi obaba abasungula amakhompiyutha banquma indlela okwakuzothuthukiswa ngayo i-AI, belandela izinqubo zokucabanga komuntu. Indlela ephambene yilena esiyibiza nge-brute-force attack, noma ukusesha okusheshayo komnyakazo okungenzeka.
Ngangingakaze ngizwe lutho ngokuncintisana namakhompyutha ngo-1985, kodwa kulesi sithombe ungabona amabhodi angu-32, futhi nakuba ngangidlala nabantu, empeleni kwakuwumdlalo wangempela ngokumelene namakhompyutha. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunabakhiqizi abangu-4 abahamba phambili bamakhompiyutha e-chess, asanda kuwazisa emhlabeni. Mhlawumbe abanye benu basenawo amakhompyutha anjalo; Umkhiqizi ngamunye wayenamamojula ekhompiyutha angu-8, ngakho-ke empeleni ngidlale nabaphikisi abangu-32 futhi ngawina yonke imidlalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kwakungeyona isimanga, kodwa umphumela wemvelo, futhi njalo lapho ngibheka lesi sithombe sokunqoba kwami, ngikhumbula lesi sikhathi njengenkathi yegolide yemishini ye-chess, lapho ibuthakathaka futhi izinwele zami - ezinzima. .
Ngakho kwakunguJune 1985, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-12 ngase ngidlale nekhompyutha eyodwa kuphela. Kwaba khona impinda ngo-1997 ngoba nganqoba umdlalo wokuqala, owawungo-1996 ePhiladelphia. Ngihlulwe kulo mdlalo, kodwa uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ukuguqulwa kwe-computer chess akwenzekanga ngo-1997, kodwa ngo-1996, lapho ngiwina umdlalo, kodwa ngahlulwa umdlalo wokuqala. Ngabe sengiwina imidlalo emi-3, futhi amaphuzu aba ngu-4:2 engivuna.
Eqinisweni, iqiniso elibalulekile lapha ukuthi ikhompyutha ngaleso sikhathi yayikwazi ukuba ngumpetha womhlaba we-chess uma idlala emqhudelwaneni ojwayelekile we-chess. Bengingalindele kwa-IBM ukuthi bazokwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onzima kangaka wezobuchwepheshe ukuqinisa ikhompuyutha yabo ngonyaka. Kodwa iphutha lami elikhulu, ngaphandle kokwenyuka okubukhali kwentengo yamasheya e-IBM, eyeqa isuka kumaphuzu ambalwa yaya ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi emasontweni amabili ngemva komdlalo, kwaba ukungakwazi ukufunda ukuphrinta okuhle. Ngoba enye yezinkinga engaba nazo ngo-2 ngekhompyutha yeDeep Blue ukuthi kwakuyibhokisi elimnyama kimina. Ngangingazi lutho ngombangi wami, indlela acabanga ngayo, imaphi amaqhinga ayisebenzisayo. Imvamisa, lapho ulungiselela umdlalo, ufunda ophikisana naye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlalo we-chess noma umdlalo webhola lezinyawo, futhi ngokubheka indlela yokudlala, ufunda isu lakhe. Kodwa ibingekho imininingwane mayelana "nesitayela sokudlala" sika-Deep Blue.
Ngizamile ukuhlakanipha ngabeka ukuthi emdlalweni olandelayo kufanele ngikwazi ukufinyelela emidlalweni edlalwa uDeep Blue. Baphendula bathi: “Yebo!”, Kodwa bangeza ngamagama amancane:
"...ngemincintiswano esemthethweni kuphela."
Futhi lokhu naphezu kokuthi i-Deep Blue ayidlalanga nowodwa umdlalo ngaphandle kwezindonga zaselabhorethri. Ngakho-ke ngo-1997 ngadlala ne-black box, futhi konke kwashintsha okwenzeka ngo-1996 - nganqoba umdlalo wokuqala, kodwa ngahlulwa.
Phela, benikuphi abaduni eminyakeni engu-20 edlule ngesikhathi ngibadinga kangaka? Yiqiniso, lapho ngigqolozela emigqeni yalabo abakhona, ngiyaqonda ukuthi iningi lenu cishe lalingakazalwa.
Iphutha lami elikhulu bekuwukuphatha umdlalo we-Deep Blue njengokuhlola okukhulu kwesayensi nezenhlalo. Ngangicabanga ukuthi wayezoba mkhulu ngoba empeleni wayezothola leyo ndawo lapho ukuzwisisa komuntu kungase kuqhathaniswe khona “nobulwane” bokubala kwekhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, i-Deep Blue, nesivinini sayo sokubala esingaba yizigidi ezi-2 ezindaweni ze-chess ngomzuzwana, okwakungekubi neze ngo-1997, kwakungeyona into ngaphandle kobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ukwenza kwakhe akubanga nagalelo ekuvuleni imfihlakalo yobuhlakani bomuntu.
Belingakhaliphile njengewashi le-alamu elivamile, kodwa angizizwa ngingcono ngokulahlekelwa iwashi le-alamu elingu-$10 million.
Ngikhumbula ingqungquthela yabezindaba ngesikhathi somcimbi wokuvula umdlalo lapho indoda ehola iphrojekthi ye-IBM ithi lokhu kuzophawula ukuphela kokuhlolwa kwesayensi kanye nokunqoba kwesayensi. Njengoba siwine kanye nokuhlulwa okukodwa, ngangifuna ukudlala umdlalo wesithathu ukuze ngithole ukuthi ubani onamandla, kodwa bahlakaza ikhompuyutha, ngokusobala ukuze bakhiphe ufakazi ongakhethi kuphela. Ngazama ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani ku-Deep Blue, kodwa angikwazanga ukuthola. Kamuva ngathola ukuthi wayeseqale umsebenzi omusha futhi manje wayenza i-sushi kwesinye sezikhungo zesikhumulo sezindiza saseKennedy.
Ngiyayithanda i-sushi, kodwa angiyidingi ikhompuyutha lapho. Ngakho, kulapho indaba yami nge-computer chess yaphela khona ngokushesha. Kodwa nina eniphinde nidlale i-chess noma eminye imidlalo niyazi ukuthi sisengozini kangakanani uma siqhathaniswa namakhompyutha ngoba asizinzile kangako, asikhethi futhi siyawenza amaphutha. Ngisho nabadlali bezinga eliphezulu bayawenza amaphutha, isibonelo ngesikhathi somdlalo wompetha lapho kukhona iminyakazo engama-50 noma engama-45, okungenani iphutha elilodwa elincane alinakugwemeka. Uma kukhona abantu bangempela abadlalayo, akunandaba okuningi, kodwa uma wenza iphutha lapho udlala ngomshini, ungase ungalahlekelwa, kodwa ngeke uwine noma, ngoba umshini uzokwazi ukugwema ukunqotshwa.
Ngesinye isikhathi ngabona ukuthi kwakuyindaba yesikhathi nje, ngoba asikwazi ukufeza izinga elifanayo lokuqapha nokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kunqotshwe ikhompuyutha, ngoba umshini uzinzile ngokungavamile ezenzweni zawo. Ngemva kweminyaka, sabona imishini iwina imidlalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngiyaphinda futhi - konke lokhu kusebenza kuphela emdlalweni we-chess, osengozini kakhulu endleleni yokudlala ye-brute-force, lapho ikhompiyutha enesivinini esikhulu idlula izinketho eziningi zokunyakaza futhi ikhetha okulungile kakhulu. Akubona ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngakho-ke abantu benza iphutha uma bethi umdlali we-chess wehlulwe ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Kamuva ngadlala eminye imidlalo eminingi ngiqhathanisa namakhompyutha. Ngake ngayihlaziya le midlalo ngisebenzisa izinjini zesimanje ze-chess futhi kwaba yinto ebuhlungu impela. Kwakuwuhambo olubuyela emuva futhi ngaphoqeleka ukuthi ngivume indlela engenzanga kahle ngayo kuleyo midlalo ngoba kwakufanele ngizisole mina kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi ikhompyutha "idemoni" yayingenamandla kangako, ungase ungakholelwa, kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-chess lwamahhala kudivayisi yakho yeselula lunamandla namuhla kune-Deep Blue. Yiqiniso, uma unenjini ye-chess efana ne-asmFish noma i-Comodo kanye ne-laptop yakamuva, lolu hlelo luzoba namandla nakakhulu.
Ngenkathi ngidlala ne-Deep Blue, ngicabanga ukuthi bekuwumdlalo wesi-5, ikhompuyutha yenza isheke elingapheli kumdlalo wokugcina, futhi wonke umuntu waqala ukusho ukuthi lokhu kube ukunqoba okuhle nokuthi ikhompuyutha ibonise ikhwalithi yokudlala emangalisayo. Kodwa namuhla, ngekhompyutha yesimanje, kubukeka kuyinhlekisa nje. Wonke umdlalo wethu ungadlalwa kumasekhondi angu-30, umkhawulo weminithi kuya ngokusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho ephathekayo. Ekuqaleni ngenza iphutha, ngabe sengizama ukusindisa umdlalo, i-Deep Blue yenza ama-counter moves amaningi futhi yawina. Lena imithetho yomdlalo, futhi akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho.
Ngo-2003 ngadlala eminye imidlalo emi-2 ngibhekene nekhompyutha ye-X3D Frintz, yomibili yaphela ngokulingana. Abahleli bangenze ngagqoka izibuko ze-3-D ngenxa yokuthi ikhompuyutha yayinobubanzi obungu-3-dimensional interface.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, indaba yayiphelile futhi ngangicabanga ngekusasa. Bheka lesi sithombe, esathathwa ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.
Uma ubheka lezi zingane uyabona ukuthi zidlala ngamakhompyutha angavamile. Namuhla izingane zami ngeke ziqonde nokuthi kuyini. Amanye amakhibhodi ayinkimbinkimbi aboniswa lapha, kodwa manje avele ahambise iminwe yawo esikrinini esithintwayo.
Okubalulekile ukuthi imishini ehlakaniphile yenza imisebenzi yethu ibe lula kakhulu. Cishe nginephutha uma ngikusho lokhu ngoba ukwazi lokhu kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwe-Peppa Pig kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, indlela iyasuswa ukuze kutholakale ubuciko beqiniso.
Ngicabange ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani amandla ekhompiyutha nomuntu? Singathatha i-chess njengesibonelo, ngoba ku-chess kunesixazululo. Wazi kahle ukuthi iziphi izindawo ikhompuyutha eqinile futhi iphansi kumuntu. Kwabe sekufika umqondo engqondweni yami, engawubiza ngokuthi “i-advanced chess.”
Ukulandela isaga sesiRashiya: "uma ungeke ukwazi ukunqoba, joyina!", Ngabiza i-Advanced chess umdlalo lapho umuntu oyedwa onekhompyutha elwa nomunye umuntu ngekhompyutha.
Ngo-1998, ngadlala nelungu le-chess elite laseBulgaria, futhi into ethakazelisayo ukuthi sobabili asikwazanga ukudlala kahle ngoba asikwazanga ukukhulisa umphumela wokusebenza ndawonye nekhompyutha. Ngizibuze ukuthi kungani abadlali ababili abakhulu bengakwazi ukuzuza ngokusebenzisana kwe-AI. Impendulo iqhamuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwethulwa le nto ebizwa nge-freestyle enesibalo esilinganiselwe sezinto ezivela kwikhompyutha. Ungadlala ngokuxhuma kukhompuyutha enkulu nge-inthanethi, noma ungasebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho noma amakhompyutha amaningi. Ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ipheya yekhompuyutha yomuntu izohlala idlula noma iyiphi i-supercomputer. Isizathu silula kakhulu - ikhompuyutha inxephezela ukungabibikho kwethu komqondo, futhi sisesimweni esihle sokushintshela kukhompyutha ngoba iqeda ukuba sengozini kwenye ikhompyutha isebenzisa ubuthakathaka bethu bobuntu.
Kodwa akukho okuxakayo ngalokhu. Umuzwa wawuwukuthi abawine umncintiswano kwakungebona abadlali bezinga eliphezulu, kodwa abadlali be-chess ababuthaka kakhulu abanamakhompyutha avamile, kodwa abakwazile ukwenza inqubo yokusebenzisana ethuthukisiwe. Lokhu kunzima ukukusho ngoba kuzwakala kuyindida: isidlali esibuthakathaka kanye nekhompyutha evamile kanye nenqubo ethuthukisiwe idlula umdlali onamandla onekhompyutha enamandla kodwa inqubo yokusebenzisana ebuthaka. I-interface iyikho konke!
Into ethakazelisayo ukuthi awudingi nhlobo umdlali oqinile, awudingi uGarry Kasparov, ukuze ube ohlangothini lomshini ukuze uthole ukunyakaza okuhle kakhulu, futhi kunempendulo elula kulokhu. Uma namuhla sicabangela amandla ahlobene abantu namakhompyutha, singadlulela ngale kwe-chess, kodwa ake siqale ngabo, ngoba i-chess inezinombolo. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sami sesikhathi sonke se-chess sasingu-2851 ngaze ngahlulwa uMagnus Carlsen, futhi ekupheleni komsebenzi wami we-chess kwaba ngu-2812. Namuhla uMagnus Carlsen uhola izinga ngamaphuzu angaphezu kuka-2800. Cishe abadlali abangu-50 banezilinganiso phakathi kwama-2700 namaphoyinti angu-2800. Lona yi-elite yomhlaba we-chess. Lezi zinsuku, amandla ekhompiyutha angaphakathi kwamaphoyinti angu-3200, futhi ngesofthiwe ekhethekile, ukulinganisa kwayo kungafinyelela amaphuzu angu-3300-3400.
Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi kungani ungamdingi umdlali oqinile? Ngoba umdlali wezinga lami uzozama ukusunduza ikhompuyutha ukuthi isebenze ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye, esikhundleni sokuba ngu-opharetha olula nayo. Ngakho-ke, umdlali we-chess obuthakathaka ongenakho "ukuzikhukhumeza" okunjalo nokuzikhukhumeza okunjengompetha womhlaba we-chess uzosebenzisana nekhompyutha ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi akhe inhlanganisela ekhiqiza kakhulu "yekhompyutha yomuntu".
Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kutholakala okubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwe-chess, kodwa futhi, isibonelo, kwezokwelapha. Njengoba kwaziwa, amakhompyutha ezimweni eziningi akwazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile kunodokotela abahamba phambili. Yini-ke ongayithanda kakhulu: udokotela okahle omelwe ikhompuyutha noma umhlengikazi okahle ozomane alandele imiyalelo futhi abhale imanyuwali encane esekelwe ezincomweni zomshini?
Angazi izinombolo eziqondile, ake sithi u-60-65% wabantu bazokhetha udokotela futhi u-85% uzoya kwikhompyutha, kodwa ngokwengqondo, uma ungudokotela ophumelelayo, ngeke ukwazi ukukwamukela lokhu. Uma ubheka inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe yanamuhla, singasho ukuthi amakhompyutha enza ukuxilongwa kweqiniso ku-80 - 85 - 90% yamacala, kodwa i-10% isasele kubantu! Futhi lokhu kungenza umehluko omkhulu, ngoba uma inhlamvu ichezukiswa yidigri elingu-1 kuphela lapho idutshulwa, ingandiza iqhele ngamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa ukusuka lapho ilitshengise khona. Umbuzo uphathelene nokuthi singakwazi yini ukusebenzisa amandla aphelele ekhompuyutha.
Ngakho-ke, ngisakholelwa ukuthi konke ukwesaba ukuthi ngokushesha imishini izothatha indawo yethu sonke, futhi lokhu kuyoba ukuphela kwezwe, i-Armagedoni, amahemuhemu nje. Ngoba, njengoba ngishilo, lokhu kumayelana nokusungula komuntu, futhi into eyingqayizivele mayelana nobuhlakani bekhompiyutha ukuthi ivele ithuthukise ubuhlakani bethu, ikhulule futhi isitshele ukuthi singayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze uthole impendulo yombuzo, kufanelekile ukusuka ezweni lesayensi futhi uhlole umhlaba wezobuciko. Ngake ngathola indida enkulu eyashiwo umdwebi omkhulu uPablo Picasso: “Amakhompyutha awasebenzi. Okuwukuphela kwento abangayenza ukunikeza izimpendulo.” Ngicabanga ukuthi kunokuhlakanipha okukhulu kulokhu futhi la mazwi azwakala ekhuthaza ngoba imishini inikeza izimpendulo, futhi lezi zimpendulo zibanzi!
Nokho, u-Picasso akazange aneliseke ngezimpendulo eziphelele ngoba wayengumculi. Lokhu kungenxa yokucabanga kabusha njalo kwezobuciko, yilokhu kanye esikwenza njalo - sibuze imibuzo. Ingabe amakhompyutha angabuza imibuzo?
Ngake ngavakashela i-hedge fund i-Bridgewater Associates ukuze ngikhulume no-Dave Ferrucci, omunye wabathuthukisi be-IBM's supercomputer ye-Watson. Besikhuluma ngokuthi imishini ingakwazi yini ukubuza imibuzo, uDave wathi, “Yebo, amakhompyutha ayakwazi ukubuza imibuzo, kodwa abazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ebaluleke ngempela.” Yilokho iphuzu. Ngakho-ke sisekulo mdlalo futhi sinethuba lokudlulela phambili ngoba umdlalo phakathi komuntu nekhompyutha awukapheli.
Kulesi silayidi ubona izithombe ezimbalwa zezindawo ezingase zisetshenziswe amakhompyutha azimele, imishini ekwazi ukuzihlela yona, okungukuthi, inekhono lokufunda.
Esinye sezithombe sikhombisa uDemis Hassabis enenethiwekhi yakhe yokuzifundela ye-neural AlphaGo. Eqinisweni, lena cishe umshini wokuqala ongabizwa ngokuthi i-prototype yobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Njengoba bese ngishilo, i-Deep Blue iyi-brute-force overkill, i-Watson mhlawumbe iyisixhumanisi sesikhashana, kodwa hhayi i-AI okwamanje. I-AlphaGo iwuhlelo lokufunda olujulile oluzithuthukisayo ngokuthola amaphethini afanelekile ngokudlala izigidi nezigidi zemidlalo.
Ngingasho ukuthi nge-AlphaGo sibhekene nebhokisi elimnyama langempela okokuqala ngqa. Ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, uma sichitha iminyaka eyikhulu sifunda izinkulungwane zamamayela amalogi egeyimu ye-Deep Blue, ekugcineni sizofika embonweni wokuqala wokuthi kungani kwenziwa isinqumo esithile futhi kwenziwa umnyakazo othile. Ngokuqondene ne-AlphaGo, ngiqinisekile ukuthi ngisho noDemis Hassabis ngokwakhe ngeke akwazi ukusho ukuthi kungani inguqulo 6 ingcono kunenguqulo 9, noma okuphambene nalokho, ekhumbula isinqumo esenziwe yilo mshini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaba yinkinga ngoba uma umshini wenza iphutha, ngeke ukwazi ukwazi ngakho. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kungumnyakazo obheke ekudaleni i-AI yangempela.
Ngake ngakhuluma endlunkulu ye-Google, futhi banginika ukuvakasha kwe-Google X. Lokhu kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu ngoba le nkampani ihamba ngokuzethemba lapho idala i-AI, ixazulula izinkinga zokudala imoto ezishayelayo noma ama-drones azimele ahambisa ngokuzimela. izimpahla. Kodwa-ke, inkinga encane kunokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-AI kuyinkinga yokulawula imisebenzi yayo. Abantu bakhuluma ngokuthi i-AI ingabashintsha kanjani ngokuphelele futhi ibakhiphe emsebenzini. Nokho, ake sibize umlando wempucuko yomuntu ukuze uthole usizo - lokhu sekwenzekile amakhulu nezinkulungwane zeminyaka!
24:35 imiz
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Source: www.habr.com