Sikhuluma, kunjalo, mayelana . Uma ungangeni emininingwaneni, ngo-September 30 no-Okthoba 1 sizobamba ingqungquthela yokuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlolwa nokusebenza, futhi uma ungena emininingwaneni, sicela, ngaphansi kwekati.
Njengengxenye yendlela ye-DevOps, zonke izingxenye zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bephrojekthi zihlangene, zenzeka ngokuhambisana futhi ziyathonyana. Okubaluleke kakhulu lapha ukudalwa kwezinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezizenzakalelayo ezingashintshwa, zilingiswe futhi zihlolwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusiza ukuphendula ngokushesha izinguquko emakethe.
Engqungqutheleni sifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi le ndlela inethonya kanjani ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo. Indlela ukwethembeka nokuvumelana nezimo kohlelo lweklayenti kuqinisekiswa ngayo. I-DevOps isishintsha kanjani isakhiwo nendlela yenkampani ekuhleleni inqubo yayo yomsebenzi.
ngemuva kwezinto
Kubalulekile kithi ukuthi sazi hhayi kuphela ukuthi izinkampani ezahlukene zenzani ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendlela ye-DevOps, kodwa futhi siqonde ukuthi kungani konke lokhu kwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, asizange simeme ochwepheshe kuphela ukuthi bajoyine iKomidi Lohlelo, kodwa ochwepheshe ababona inkulumo ye-DevOps besezikhundleni ezahlukene:
- onjiniyela abakhulu;
- abathuthukisi;
- abaholi beqembu;
- I-CTO.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kudala ubunzima nezingxabano lapho kuxoxwa ngezicelo zemibiko. Uma unjiniyela enentshisekelo yokuhlaziya ingozi enkulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umthuthukisi aqonde indlela yokudala isofthiwe esebenza emafini nasezingqalasizinda. Kodwa ngokuvuma, sakha uhlelo oluzoba usizo futhi luthakasele wonke umuntu: kusukela konjiniyela kuya ku-CTO.
Umgomo wengqungquthela yethu akukhona nje ukukhetha imibiko emnandi kakhulu, kodwa ukwethula isithombe sisonke: indlela indlela ye-DevOps esebenza ngayo, hlobo luni lwereki ongangena kulo lapho uthuthela ezinqubweni ezintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sakha ingxenye yokuqukethwe, sehla sisuka enkingeni yebhizinisi siye kubuchwepheshe obuthile.
Izigaba zengqungquthela zizohlala zifana ne-in .
- Inkundla yengqalasizinda.
- Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi.
- Ukulethwa okuqhubekayo.
- Impendulo.
- I-Architecture ku-DevOps, i-DevOps ye-CTO.
- Izinqubo ze-SRE.
- Ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kolwazi.
- Ukuphepha, i-DevSecOps.
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps.
Shayela amaphepha: hlobo luni lwemibiko esilufunayo
Sihlukanise ngokwemibandela izethameli ezingaba khona zengqungquthela zaba amaqembu amahlanu: onjiniyela, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha, abahola beqembu kanye ne-CTO. Iqembu ngalinye linomfutho walo wokuza engqungqutheleni. Futhi, uma ubheka i-DevOps kulezi zikhundla, ungaqonda ukuthi usigxilisa kanjani isihloko sakho nokuthi ungagcizelela kuphi.
Konjiniyela, abakha inkundla yengqalasizinda, kubalulekile ukuqonda izitayela ezikhona, ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi ubuchwepheshe manje ezithuthuke kakhulu. Bazoba nentshisekelo yokufunda ngesipiliyoni sangempela sokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kanye nokunikezana ngemibono. Unjiniyela uzokujabulela ukulalela umbiko ohlaziya ingozi ethile eqinile, futhi nathi, sizozama ukukhetha nokupholisha umbiko onjalo.
Okonjiniyela kubalulekile ukuqonda umqondo onjalo njengokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko lwamafu. Okungukuthi, indlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ukuze isebenze emafwini nasezingqalasizinda ezihlukahlukene. Umthuthukisi udinga njalo ukuthola impendulo evela kusofthiwe. Lapha sifuna ukuzwa amacala amayelana nendlela izinkampani ezakha ngayo le nqubo, indlela yokuqapha ukusebenza kwesofthiwe, nokuthi yonke inqubo yokulethwa isebenza kanjani.
Ochwepheshe beCybersecurity Kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela yokumisa inqubo yezokuphepha ukuze ingavimbi intuthuko kanye nezinqubo zokushintsha ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Izihloko ezimayelana nezidingo ezibekwa yi-DevOps kochwepheshe abanjalo nazo zizothakazelisa.
Abaholi beqembu bafuna ukwazi, ukuthi inqubo yokulethwa okuqhubekayo isebenza kanjani kwezinye izinkampani. Iyiphi indlela izinkampani ezayithatha ukufeza lokhu, zakha kanjani izinqubo zokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ngaphakathi kwe-DevOps. Abaholi bethimba nabo banentshisekelo ku-Cloud native. Futhi nemibuzo mayelana nokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kweqembu naphakathi kwamaqembu okuthuthukisa nawonjiniyela.
Ukuze I-CTO into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola indlela yokuxhuma zonke lezi zinqubo futhi uzilungise nezidingo zebhizinisi. Uqinisekisa ukuthi isicelo sithembekile kokubili ibhizinisi kanye neklayenti. Futhi lapha udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuzosebenzela ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi yebhizinisi, indlela yokwakha yonke inqubo, njll. I-CTO nayo inesibopho sokwenza isabelomali. Isibonelo, kufanele aqonde ukuthi ingakanani imali okudingeka isetshenziswe ekuqeqesheni kabusha ochwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ku-DevOps.
Uma unokuthile ongakusho ngalezi zinto, ungathuli; . Umnqamulajuqu we-Call for Papers ungo-Agasti 20. Lapho ubhalisa kusenesikhathi, kuba nesikhathi esiningi ozosithola sokuphothula umbiko wakho futhi ulungiselele isethulo sakho. Ngakho, ungalibali.
Hhayi-ke, uma ungenaso isidingo sokukhuluma esidlangalaleni, nje futhi uze ngoSepthemba 30 no-Okthoba 1 ukuze uxhumane nozakwethu. Sithembisa ukuthi kuzoba mnandi futhi kukhuthaze.
Siyibona kanjani i-DevOps
Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi sisho ukuthini nge-DevOps, ngincoma ukufunda (noma ukufunda kabusha) umbiko wami “" Ukuhamba phakathi kwamagagasi emakethe, ngabona ukuthi umqondo we-DevOps wawushintsha kanjani ezinkampanini zosayizi abahlukene: kusukela ekuqaleni okuncane kuya ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe. Umbiko wakhelwe ochungechungeni lwemibuzo, ngokuyiphendula ungaqonda ukuthi inkampani yakho iphokophele ku-DevOps noma kunezinkinga ndawana thize.
I-DevOps iyisistimu eyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele ifake:
- Umkhiqizo wedijithali.
- Amamojula ebhizinisi athuthukisa lo mkhiqizo wedijithali.
- Amaqembu omkhiqizo abhala ikhodi.
- Izinqubo Zokulethwa Okuqhubekayo.
- Amapulatifomu njengesevisi.
- Ingqalasizinda njengesevisi.
- Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi.
- Imikhuba ehlukene yokugcina ukwethembeka, eyakhelwe ku-DevOps.
- Umkhuba wempendulo ochaza konke.
Ekupheleni kombiko kunomdwebo onikeza umbono wohlelo lwe-DevOps enkampanini. Izokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo enkampanini yakho esezivele zenziwe lula futhi ezisazokwakhiwa.
Ungabuka ividiyo yombiko .
Futhi manje kuzoba nebhonasi: amavidiyo ambalwa avela ku-RIT++ 2019, athinta izindaba ezijwayelekile zokuguqulwa kwe-DevOps.
Ingqalasizinda yenkampani njengomkhiqizo
U-Artyom Naumenko uhola ithimba le-DevOps e-Skyeng futhi unakekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yenkampani yakhe. Utshele ukuthi ingqalasizinda ithinta kanjani izinqubo zebhizinisi e-SkyEng: indlela yokubala i-ROI yayo, yimaphi amamethrikhi okufanele akhethwe ukubala nokuthi angasebenza kanjani ukuze athuthukiswe.
Emgwaqeni oya kuma-microservices
Inkampani yakwaNixys ihlinzeka ngosekelo lwamaphrojekthi ewebhu amatasa namasistimu asabalalisiwe. Umqondisi wayo wezobuchwepheshe, u-Boris Ershov, utshele indlela yokuhumusha imikhiqizo yesofthiwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okwaqala eminyakeni engu-5 edlule (noma ngisho nangaphezulu), endaweni yesikhulumi sesimanje.
Njengomthetho, amaphrojekthi anjalo ayizwe elikhethekile lapho kukhona khona amagumbi amnyama nasendulo engqalasizinda ukuthi onjiniyela bamanje abazi ngabo. Futhi izindlela zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nokuthuthukiswa ezake zakhethwa seziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ibhizinisi ngesivinini esifanayo sokuthuthuka nokukhishwa kwezinguqulo ezintsha. Ngenxa yalokho, konke ukukhishwa komkhiqizo kuphenduka i-adventure emangalisayo, lapho okuthile kuhlale kuwa, futhi endaweni ebingalindelekile kakhulu.
Abaphathi bamaphrojekthi anjalo nakanjani babhekana nesidingo sokuguqula zonke izinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Embikweni wakhe, u-Boris uthe:
- indlela yokukhetha i-architecture efanele yephrojekthi futhi ubeke ingqalasizinda ngokuhlelekile;
- imaphi amathuluzi okufanele uwasebenzise nokuthi yiziphi izingibe okuhlangatshezwana nazo endleleni eya enguqukweni;
- okumele ukwenze ngokulandelayo.
Ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo noma indlela yokuletha ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu
U-Alexander Korotkov ungumthuthukisi oholayo wohlelo lwe-CI/CD kwa-CIAN. Ukhulume ngamathuluzi e-automation akwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuletha ikhodi ekukhiqizeni izikhathi ezingu-5. Kodwa imiphumela enjalo ayikwazanga ukufinyelelwa nge-automation kuphela, ngakho-ke u-Alexander naye wanaka izinguquko ezinqubweni zokuthuthukiswa.
Izingozi zikusiza kanjani ukuthi ufunde?
U-Alexey Kirpichnikov useneminyaka engu-5 esebenzisa i-DevOps nengqalasizinda kwa-SKB Kontur. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu, cishe ama-fakaps angu-1000 wamazinga ahlukahlukene e-epicness enzeka enkampanini yakhe. Phakathi kwazo, isibonelo, i-36% ibangelwa ukukhipha ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi ephansi ekukhiqizeni, futhi i-14% ibangelwa umsebenzi wokulungisa i-hardware esikhungweni sedatha.
Ingobo yomlando yemibiko (i-post-mortems) onjiniyela benkampani abebelokhu beyinakekela iminyaka eminingana ilandelana yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi olunembe kangaka mayelana nezingozi. I-post-mortem ibhalwe unjiniyela osemsebenzini, owaba ngowokuqala ukuphendula isignali yezimo eziphuthumayo futhi waqala ukulungisa konke. Kungani kuhlushwa onjiniyela abazabalaza ebusuku ngokubhala ama-facaps ngokubhala imibiko? Le datha ikuvumela ukuthi ubone sonke isithombe futhi uhambise ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda endaweni efanele.
Enkulumweni yakhe, u-Alexey wabelane ngendlela yokubhala i-postmortem ewusizo ngempela nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani umkhuba wemibiko enjalo enkampanini enkulu. Uma uthanda izindaba ezimayelana nokuthi othile wenzenjani, bukela ividiyo yokusebenza.
Siyaqonda ukuthi umbono wakho we-DevOps ungase ungafani nowethu. Kuzokujabulisa ukwazi ukuthi ubona kanjani ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps. Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho nombono walesi sihloko kumazwana.
Yimiphi imibiko esesiyamukele kakade ohlelweni?
Kuleli sonto IKomidi Lohlelo lamukele imibiko emi-4: ngezokuphepha, ingqalasizinda kanye nezinqubo ze-SRE.
Mhlawumbe isihloko esibuhlungu kakhulu sokuguqulwa kwe-DevOps: kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafana bomnyango wezokuvikela ababhubhisi ukuxhumana okwakhiwa kakade phakathi kwentuthuko, ukusebenza nokuphatha. Ezinye izinkampani zilawula ngaphandle komnyango wezokuphepha kolwazi. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuphepha kolwazi kuleli cala? Mayelana nakho UMona Arkhipov kusuka ku-sudo.su. Embikweni wakhe sifunda:
- yini okudingeka ivikelwe futhi kubani;
- yiziphi izinqubo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile;
- ukuthi i-IT kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha kolwazi zihlangana kanjani;
- iyini i-CIS CSC nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani;
- kanjani futhi ngaziphi izinkomba zokwenziwa njalo ukuhlola ukuphepha kolwazi.
Umbiko olandelayo uphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda njengekhodi. Yehlisa inani lendlela yokwenza ngesandla futhi ungaguquleli yonke iphrojekthi ibe isiphithiphithi, kungenzeka yini lokhu? Kulo mbuzo UMaxim Kostrikin wase-Ixtens. Inkampani yakhe isebenzisa I-Terraform ukusebenza nengqalasizinda ye-AWS. Ithuluzi lilungile, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukudala ibhulokhi enkulu yekhodi uma uyisebenzisa. Ukugcinwa kwefa elinjalo kuzobiza kakhulu njalo ngonyaka.
I-Maxim izobonisa ukuthi amaphethini okubekwa kwekhodi asebenza kanjani, okuhloswe ngawo ukwenza lula ukuzenzekelayo nokuthuthukiswa.
Okunye sizozwa ngengqalasizinda UVladimir Ryabov kusukela Playkey. Lapha sizokhuluma ngenkundla yengqalasizinda, futhi sizofunda:
- indlela yokuqonda ukuthi indawo yokugcina isetshenziswa ngempumelelo;
- abasebenzisi abangamakhulu ambalwa bangathola kanjani i-10 TB yokuqukethwe uma kuphela i-20 TB yokugcina isetshenziswa;
- indlela yokucindezela idatha izikhathi ezi-5 futhi uyinikeze abasebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela;
- indlela yokuvumelanisa idatha endizeni phakathi kwezikhungo zedatha eziningana;
- indlela yokuqeda noma yiliphi ithonya labasebenzisi komunye nomunye lapho usebenzisa umshini owodwa wokubuka ngokulandelana.
Imfihlo yalomlingo ubuchwepheshe I-ZFS ye-FreeBSD kanye nemfoloko yayo entsha I-ZFS ku-Linux. U-Vladimir uzokwabelana ngamacala avela ku-Playkey.
Matvey Kukuy from Amixr.IO ngomumo ngezibonelo zokuphila , kwenzenjani SRE nokuthi kusiza kanjani ukwakha izinhlelo ezithembekile. I-Amixr.IO idlula izehlakalo zamakhasimende ngokusebenzisa i-backend yayo inqwaba yamaqembu asemsebenzini emhlabeni wonke asevele abhekane namacala ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150. Engqungqutheleni, uMatvey uzokwabelana ngezibalo kanye nemininingwane inkampani yakhe eqoqwe ngayo ngokuxazulula izinkinga zamakhasimende nokuhlaziya ukwehluleka.
Ngiyaphinda futhi ngiyakunxusa ukuthi ungabi nomhawu futhi wabelane ngolwazi lwakho njengesamurai ye-DevOps. Khonza ukuze uthole umbiko, futhi mina nawe sizoba nezinyanga ezingu-2,5 ukulungiselela isethulo esihle kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukuba umlaleli, ephephandabeni elinezibuyekezo zezinhlelo futhi ucabange ngokujulile ngamathikithi okubhuka kusenesikhathi, ngoba azobiza kakhulu uma sekusondele izinsuku zengqungquthela.
Source: www.habr.com