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Sinesihloko esisha esibalulekile - ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-IT. Kwa-HighLoad++ sivame ukukhuluma ngendlela yokwenza izinsiza ezimatasa zisheshe, futhi ku-Frondend Conf sikhuluma ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esipholile esinganciphisi. Sihlala sinezihloko ezimayelana nokuhlola, kanye ne-DevOpsConf mayelana nokuhlanganisa izinqubo ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola. Kodwa mayelana nalokho okungabizwa ngokuthi ikhwalithi ngokujwayelekile, nendlela yokusebenza kuyo ngokugcwele - cha.
Asilungise lokhu nge - sizothuthukisa isiko lokucabanga ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina womsebenzisi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka. Umkhuba wokungagxili endaweni yakho yesibopho, nokuhlanganisa ikhwalithi hhayi kuphela nabahloli.
Ngezansi kwesinqamuleli sizokhuluma nenhloko yekomidi lohlelo, inhloko yokuhlola kwa-Tinkoff.Business, umdali womphakathi we-QA okhuluma isiRashiya. Anastasia Aseeva-Nguyen mayelana nesimo semboni ye-QA kanye nomsebenzi wengqungquthela entsha.
- Nastia sawubona. Sicela usitshele ngawe.
Anastasia: Ngilawula ukuhlola ebhange, ngibhekene neqembu elikhulu kakhulu - singabantu abangaphezu kuka-90. Sinomugqa webhizinisi obalulekile; sinesibopho se-ecosystem yezinhlangano ezisemthethweni.
Ngafundela ubukhenikha nezibalo futhi ekuqaleni ngangifuna ukuba umklami wezinhlelo. Kodwa lapho ngithola isipho esithakazelisayo, nganquma ukuzizama njengomhloli. Okuxakayo ukuthi, lokhu kuvele kwaba wubizo lwami. Manje ngiyawubona wonke umsebenzi wami kulo mkhakha.
Ngingumlandeli oshisekayo wesiyalo Sokuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi. Anginandaba nokuthi imiphi imikhiqizo edalwe, ukuthi ikhwalithi iphathwa kanjani enkampanini, eqenjini futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa.
Kuyangicacela lokho umphakathi kule ndlela awukavuthwa ngokwanele, okungenani eRussia. Asiqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi akulona nje iqiniso lokuhlola isicelo sokuhambisana nezidingo. Ngingathanda ukuguqula lesi simo.
— Usebenzisa amagama athi Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi nokuhlola. Emehlweni omuntu ojwayelekile, la magama amabili avame ukuhlangana. Zihluke kanjani uma umba ujule?
U-Anastasia: Kunalokho, awahlukile. Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yesiyalo Sokuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi; kuwumsebenzi oqondile - lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi ngihlola okuthile. Empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlola, futhi abantu abahlukahlukene banesibopho sezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola. Kepha lapha eRussia, lapho kuvela igagasi labasebenzi bangaphandle abahlinzeka ngabahloli ezinkampanini, ukuhlolwa kwehliswa kwaba uhlobo olulodwa.
Ezimweni eziningi, anqunyelwe kuphela ekuhloleni okusebenzayo: ahlola ukuthi lokho onjiniyela abakufake amakhodi kuyahambisana nencazelo futhi yilokho kuphela.
— Sicela usitshele ukuthi yimiphi eminye imikhakha yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ekhona? Yini enye, ngaphandle kokuhlola, efakiwe lapha?
Anastasia: Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi, okokuqala, kumayelana nokudala umkhiqizo wekhwalithi. Okusho ukuthi, siyazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo zekhwalithi umkhiqizo wethu okufanele ube nazo. Ngokufanelekile, uma sikuqonda lokhu, singaqhathanisa ukuthi ubani othonya lezi zimfanelo zekhwalithi. Akunandaba, unjiniyela, umphathi wephrojekthi noma uchwepheshe womkhiqizo ungumuntu onethonya ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, ukusalela emuva kwawo, kanye namasu awo.
Umhloli uqaphela kakhulu indima yakhe. Uyaqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe awukona nje ukuhlola ukuhambisana nezidingo, kodwa futhi ukuhlola izimfuneko, ukungabaza ukwakheka okuvela kuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo, futhi adalule zonke izidingo ezisobala kanye nokulindelwe yiklayenti. Lapho siletha ukusebenza okusha kumakhasimende ethu, kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zawo ngokweqiniso futhi sixazulule ubuhlungu bawo. Uma sicabanga ngazo zonke izici zekhwalithi, iklayenti liyokwaneliseka futhi lizoqonda ukuthi inkampani ewusebenzisayo umkhiqizo wayo izikhathalela ngempela izithakazelo zalo, futhi ayisebenzi ngomgomo othi “ukukhipha nje isici.”
- Kubonakala sengathi lokhu osanda kukuchaza kuwumsebenzi wochwepheshe bomkhiqizo. Lokhu, empeleni, akukhona mayelana nokuhlola hhayi mayelana nekhwalithi - ngokuvamile kumayelana nokuphathwa komkhiqizo, cha?
Anastasia: Kuhlanganisa. Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi akusona isiyalo umuntu oyedwa onesibopho ngaso. Manje kunendlela ethandwayo ekuhloleni, indlela ebizwa ngokuthi Ukuhlola Okusheshayo. Incazelo yakhe ikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi lena yindlela yethimba yokuhlola, ehlanganisa isethi ethile yemikhuba. Ithimba lonke linomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa le ndlela; akudingekile nokuthi kube nomhloli eqenjini. Ithimba lonke ligxile ekuletheni inani ekhasimendeni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inani lihlangabezana nokulindelwe yikhasimende.
- Kuvela ukuthi ikhwalithi ihlangana cishe nazo zonke iziyalo ezizungezile, ibeka uhlaka kukho konke okuzungezile?
Anastasia: Kulungile. Uma sicabanga ukuthi sifuna ukwakha kanjani umkhiqizo wekhwalithi, siqala ukucabanga ngezici ezihlukahlukene zekhwalithi. Isibonelo, ungahlola kanjani ukuthi senze isici esidingwa yiklayenti lethu.
Kulapho lolu hlobo lokuhlola lungena khona: I-UAT (ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa komsebenzisi). Ngeshwa, akuvamile ukwenziwa eRussia, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona emaqenjini e-SCRUM njengedemo yeklayenti lokugcina. Lolu wuhlobo olujwayelekile lokuhlola ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphambi kokuvula ukusebenza kwawo wonke amaklayenti, siqale senze i-UAT, okungukuthi, simema umsebenzisi wokugcina ohlolayo futhi anikeze impendulo ngokushesha - ukuthi umkhiqizo uyahlangabezana yini nokulindelwe futhi uxazulule ubuhlungu. Kuphela ngemva kwalokhu lapho ukukala kuwo wonke amanye amaklayenti kwenzeka.
Okusho ukuthi, sigxila ebhizinisini, kuklayenti lokugcina, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakhohlwa ngobuchwepheshe. Izinga lomkhiqizo nalo lincike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe. Uma sinesakhiwo esibi, ngeke sikwazi ukukhipha ngokushesha izici futhi sihlangabezane nokulindelwe yikhasimende. Kungase kube nezimbungulu eziningi lapho uzama ukukala, noma lapho uzama ukulungisa kabusha singase sephule okuthile. Konke lokhu kuzothinta ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Kusukela kulo mbono, ukwakheka kufanele kube ngendlela yokuthi singabhala ikhodi ehlanzekile ezosivumela ukuba senze izinguquko ngokushesha futhi singesabi ukuthi sizophula yonke into. Ukuze lokho kubuyekezwa kuphindaphindeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngenxa nje yokuthi sinefa eliningi, futhi sidinga ukwenza izigaba zokuhlola ezinde.
- Sekukonke, abathuthukisi, abaklami bezakhiwo, ososayensi bemikhiqizo, abaphathi bemikhiqizo, nabahloli ngokwabo sebevele behilelekile. Obani abanye ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi?
Anastasia: Manje ake sicabange ukuthi sesivele sisilethile isici kuklayenti. Ngokusobala, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo idinga ukugadwa ngisho nalapho usuvele ukhiqizwa. Kulesi sigaba, izimo ezinezimo ezingabonakali, okuthiwa izimbungulu, zingase zivele.
Umbuzo wokuqala uthi sibhekana kanjani nalezi zimbungulu ngemuva kokuthi sesiwukhiphile umkhiqizo? Ngokwesibonelo, sisabela kanjani ekucindezelekeni? Iklayenti ngeke lijabule kakhulu uma ikhasi lithatha ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-30 ukulayisha.
Yilapho ukuxhashazwa kuqala khona noma, njengoba bekubiza kanjalo manje, I-DevOps. Eqinisweni, laba ngabantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa umkhiqizo lapho usuvele ukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqapha. Kukhona ngisho nohlobo oluncane lokuhlola - ukuhlola ekukhiqizeni, lapho sizivumela ukuthi singahloli okuthile ngaphambi kokukhishwa futhi sikuhlole ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni. Lolu uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ngokombono wokuhlela ingqalasizinda evumela ukuthi uphendule ngokushesha isigameko, usithonye, futhi usilungise.
Ingqalasizinda nayo ibalulekile. Kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kungenakwenzeka ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sinakho ngempela konke esingathanda ukukunikeza iklayenti. Siyikhiphela ekukhiqizeni futhi siqale ukubamba izimo ezingabonakali. Futhi konke ngoba ingqalasizinda ekuhlolweni ayihambisani nengqalasizinda ekukhiqizeni. Lokhu kuholela ohlotsheni olusha lokuhlola - ukuhlolwa kwengqalasizinda. Lokhu ukucushwa okuhlukahlukene, izilungiselelo, ukufuduka kwesizindalwazi, njll.
Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo - mhlawumbe ithimba lidinga ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda njengekhodi.
Ngikholwa ukuthi ingqalasizinda ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngethemba ukuthi kuzoba nombiko engqungqutheleni ngodaba lwangempela. Sibhalele uma ulungele ukusitshela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ukuthi ingqalasizinda njengekhodi iyithinta kanjani ikhwalithi. Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi yenza kube lula ukuhlola zonke izilungiselelo nokuhlola izinto okungenzeka zingenzeki. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kuphinde kuhileleke ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wekhwalithi.
- Kuthiwani ngezibalo kanye nemibhalo?
Anastasia: Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu kumasistimu ebhizinisi. Uma sikhuluma ngebhizinisi, abantu abafana nabahlaziyi kanye nabahlaziyi bezinhlelo bafika ngokushesha engqondweni. Ngezinye izikhathi babizwa ngokuthi ababhali bezobuchwepheshe. Bathola umsebenzi wokubhala imininingwane ethile futhi bawuqedele, ngokwesibonelo, inyanga yonke.
Kuye kwafakazelwa kaningi ukuthi ukubhala amadokhumenti anjalo kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okude kakhulu kanye nokuphindaphinda okude kokucwengwa, ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola izimbungulu ziyabonakala futhi ukubuyisela kuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezihibe eziningi ezikhuphula izindleko zokuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungase kwethule ubungozi. Kubonakala sengathi sinekhodi yereferensi ebhaliwe, kodwa-ke senza izinguquko eziphula isakhiwo esicatshangelwe kahle.
Umphumela awuwona umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuphelele, ngoba ama-patches asevele evele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ikhodi kwezinye izindawo ayihlanganiswa ngokwanele nokuhlolwa, ngoba izikhathi zokugcina ziyaphela, zonke izimbungulu zidinga ukuvalwa ngokushesha. Futhi konke ngoba ukucaciswa kwangempela akuzange kucabangele wonke amaphuzu okudingeka asetshenziswe.
Onjiniyela abazona izinambuzane futhi ababhali ikhodi enamaphutha ngenhloso.
Ukube besiqale sacabanga ngencazelo ebingahlanganisa wonke amaphuzu adingekayo, khona-ke konke bekuzokwenziwa ngendlela edingekayo. Kodwa lokhu kuyi-utopia.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubhala ukucaciswa okuphelele kwamakhasi ayi-100. Yingakho ke kudingeka ucabange ngezinye izindlela zokubhala imibhalo, ukucaciswa, ukusetha imisebenzi engasisondeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi unjiniyela wenza lokho kanye okudingekayo.
Nazi izindlela ezivela ku-Agile ezifika engqondweni - izindaba zabasebenzisi ezinemibandela yokwamukela. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu emaqenjini athuthuka ngokuphindaphinda okuncane.
- Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa kokusebenziseka, ukusebenziseka komkhiqizo, ukuklama?
Anastasia: Leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kukhona abaklami eqenjini. Ngokuvamile, abaklami basetshenziswa njengesevisi - kungaba umnyango wokuklama noma umklami okhishwe ngaphandle. Kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho kubonakala sengathi umklami ulalele uchwepheshe womkhiqizo futhi wenza lokho ayekuqonda. Kodwa lapho siqala ukuphindaphinda, kuvela ukuthi lokho okwenziwa empeleni kwakungekhona okwakulindelwe: umklami ukhohlwe okuthile, akazange acabange ngokugcwele ngokuziphatha, ngoba akekho eqenjini futhi hhayi kumongo, noma ngaphambili. -unjiniyela wokugcina akazange ayiqonde ngokugcwele isakhiwo. Kungase kuthathe iziphindaphindo ezimbalwa ngenxa nje yokuthi kunenkinga ngonjiniyela ongaphambili oqonda umklamo.
Futhi kunenkinga eyodwa futhi. Amasistimu wokuklama manje athola ukuduma. Baphezu kwe-hype, kodwa izinzuzo ezivela kubo azibonakali ngokuphelele.
Ngihlangabezana nombono wokuthi izinhlelo zokuklama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zenza intuthuko ibe lula, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibeka imingcele eminingi ku-interface.
Ngenxa yalokho, asenzi isici esifunwa iklayenti, kodwa leso esisilungele, ngoba sesivele sinama-cubes athile esingayenza kuwo.
Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi yisihloko okufanele sibhekisiswe futhi sizibuze ukuthi ekuzameni ukwenza idizayini ibe lula ngempela sixazulula iphuzu lobuhlungu beklayenti.
- Kunenani elimangalisayo lezihloko ezihlobene Nokuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi. Ingabe ikhona ingqungquthela eRussia lapho kungaxoxwa khona zonke?
Anastasia: Kunengqungquthela yokuhlola endala kunazo zonke, ezobanjwa okwesi-25 kulo nyaka futhi ibizwa nge-SQA Days Quality Assurance Conference. Ixoxa kakhulu ngamathuluzi nezindlela ezithile zokuhlola zabahloli abasebenzayo. Njengomthetho, imibiko yezinsuku ze-SQA ihlolisisa ngokujulile izindawo ezithile endaweni yesibopho sabahloli ngokwabo, kodwa hhayi imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuqondeni amathuluzi ahlukene nezindlela, indlela yokuhlola isizindalwazi, ama-API, njll. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukhuthazi ukubandakanya okungaphezu nje kokuhlola ekudaleni umkhiqizo ongcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahloli abazibandakanyi kakhulu enqubweni yokucabanga ngomgomo womhlaba wonke womkhiqizo nengxenye yawo yebhizinisi.
Ngiphethe umnyango omkhulu futhi ngenza izingxoxo eziningi ezinikeza ukuqonda ngesimo semboni yonkana. Njengomthetho, abafana bethu basebenza emabhizinisini, futhi banendawo ecacile yesibopho. Ozakwethu abasebenza kumaphrojekthi angaphandle basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola: bona ngokwabo bangenza ukuhlolwa komthwalo, ukuhlola ukusebenza, ngisho nokuhlola ukuphepha ngezinye izikhathi, ngoba basiza ngempela iqembu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngingathanda ukuthi abafana baseRussia nabo baqale ukucabanga ukuthi imboni ayigcini ngokuhlola ukusebenza.
- Ngale njongo, sihlela ingqungquthela entsha, i-QualityConf, enikezelwe kwikhwalithi njengomkhakha obalulekile. Sitshele kabanzi ngalo mbono, yini inhloso enkulu yengqungquthela?
Anastasia: Sifuna ukwakha umphakathi wabantu abanentshisekelo yokwenza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi. Nikeza inkundla lapho bengeza khona, balalele imibiko futhi bahambe ngemva kwengqungquthela benokuqonda okuqondile kwalokho okudingeka kushintshwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi.
Kulezi zinsuku ngivame ukuzwa isicelo sokubonisana mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ngiyenze uma kunezinkinga zokuhlola kanye nekhwalithi. Uma uqala ukuxhumana namaqembu, uyabona ukuthi inkinga ayikho kubahloli ngokwabo, kodwa indlela inqubo eyakhiwe ngayo. Isibonelo, lapho onjiniyela bekholelwa ukuthi banesibopho sokubhala ikhodi kuphela, isibopho sabo siphela ngaso leso sikhathi lapho benikeza umsebenzi ekuhlolweni.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ocabanga ukuthi ikhodi ebhalwe kabi, enekhwalithi ephansi enezakhiwo ezingezinhle isongela izinkinga ezinkulu zephrojekthi. Abacabangi ngezindleko zamaphutha, ukuthi izimbungulu ezigcina zikhiqizwa zingabangela izindleko ezinkulu zenkampani kanye neqembu. Alikho isiko lokucabanga ngalokhu. Ngifuna siqale ukuyisabalalisa engqungqutheleni.
Ngiyaqonda ukuthi lokhu akuyona into entsha. U-Edward Deming, umbhali wezimiso ezingu-14 zekhwalithi, wabhala mayelana nezindleko zephutha emuva ekhulwini elidlule. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi njengesiyalo kusekelwe kule ncwadi, kodwa, ngeshwa, intuthuko yesimanje iyakhohlwa ngakho.
- Ingabe uhlela ukuthinta izihloko ngokuqondile mayelana nokuhlola namathuluzi?
Anastasia: Ngiyavuma ukuthi kuzoba nemibiko ngamathuluzi. Kunamathuluzi asebenza emhlabeni wonke izinkampani namaqembu angaba nomthelela kuwo umkhiqizo.
Yonke imibiko izohlanganiswa emhlabeni wonke ngomsebenzi owodwa ofanayo: ukudlulisela izethameli ukuthi ngosizo lwale ndlela, ithuluzi, indlela, inqubo, uhlobo lokuhlola, sibe nomthelela izinga lomkhiqizo futhi sathuthukisa impilo yeklayenti.
Ngeke neze sibe nemibiko mayelana nethuluzi ngenxa yethuluzi. Yonke imibiko efakwe ohlelweni izohlanganiswa umgomo ofanayo.
— Obani abazoba nentshisekelo kulokho okhuluma ngakho, obona njengezivakashi zengqungquthela?
Anastasia: Sizoba nemibiko yonjiniyela abanendaba nesiphetho sephrojekthi yabo, umkhiqizo, uhlelo. Ngokunjalo, kuzoba nentshisekelo kubahloli futhi, kubonakala kimi, ikakhulukazi kubaphathi. Ngabaphathi, ngiqonde abantu abenza izinqumo futhi abangathonya isiphetho nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, isistimu, iqembu ngokunjalo.
Laba ngabantu abazibuzayo ukuthi bangathuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma uhlelo. Engqungqutheleni yethu, bazofunda ngamasethi ahlukahlukene wezinyathelo futhi bazokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yini engalungile ngabo manje nokuthi yini okudingeka ishintshwe.
Ngicabanga ukuthi umbandela oyinhloko ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngekhwalithi futhi ufuna ukuyithonya. Cishe ngeke sikwazi ukufinyelela abantu abacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenza okokuqala.
- Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi imboni iyonke isivuthiwe ukukhuluma hhayi nje ngokuhlolwa, kodwa ngesiko lekhwalithi?
Anastasia: Ngicabanga ukuthi sengivuthiwe. Manje izinkampani eziningi ziyasuka endleleni yendabuko ye-Waterfall ezibheke ku-Agile. Kukhona ukugxila kwamakhasimende, abantu emaqenjini baqala ukucabanga ukuthi bangawenza kanjani umkhiqizo wekhwalithi. Ngisho nezinkampani zamabhizinisi ziphinde zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga.
Uma ngibheka isibalo sezicelo eziqhamuka emphakathini, ngikholwa wukuthi sekuyisikhathi. Angiqiniseki, vele, ukuthi lokhu kuzoba uguquko olukhulu, kodwa ngingathanda ukuthi lokhu kuguquguquka kokwazi kwenzeke.
- Kuvunyelwene! Sizotshala isiko futhi sishintshe ukwazi.
Ingqungquthela yokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemikhiqizo ye-IT kuzokwenzeka eMoscow ngoJuni 7. Uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezakha umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu, sinezimo zokulwa ngempumelelo neziphazamisi ekukhiqizeni, sihlole izindlela ezidumile ekusebenzeni kwethu - sidinga ulwazi lwakho. zabo izicelo ngaphambi kukaMeyi 1, kanye neKomidi Lohlelo lizosiza ukugxila endikimbeni yobuqotho bengqungquthela iyonke.
Xhuma ku , lapho sixoxa ngezindaba zekhwalithi kanye nengqungquthela, sibhalisele ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba zohlelo.
Source: www.habr.com