I-DevOps isiphenduke isihloko esidume kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Abantu abaningi baphupha ngokujoyina, kodwa, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezinga lamaholo.
Abanye abantu baklelisa ama-DevOps ku-resume yabo, nakuba bengahlali bazi noma bewuqonda kahle umnyombo wegama. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ngemva kokufunda i-Ansible, i-GitLab, i-Jenkins, i-Terraform nokunye okunjalo (uhlu lungaqhutshwa ngokuvumelana nokuthanda kwakho), ngokushesha uzoba "i-devopsist". Lokhu akulona iqiniso.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngibambe iqhaza kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-DevOps ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kwalokho, usebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ezikhundleni kusukela kumphathi wesistimu kuya kumqondisi we-IT. Njengamanje i-DevOps Lead Engineer e-Playgendary.
Ubani i-DevOps
Umqondo wokubhala indatshana uvele ngemuva komunye umbuzo: "ngubani i-DevOps?" Alikho igama elimisiwe lokuthi ungubani noma ubani. Ezinye zezimpendulo sezikhona kulokhu . Okokuqala, ngizoqokomisa amaphuzu ayinhloko asuka kuyo, bese ngihlanganyela engikuphawulile nengikucabangayo.
I-DevOps ayiyena uchwepheshe ongaqashwa, hhayi isethi yezinsiza, futhi hhayi umnyango wonjiniyela ononjiniyela.
I-DevOps iyifilosofi nendlela yokusebenza.
Ngamanye amazwi, isethi yemikhuba esiza onjiniyela basebenzisane ngokusebenzayo nabalawuli besistimu. Okungukuthi, ukuxhuma nokuhlanganisa izinqubo zomsebenzi komunye nomunye.
Ngokufika kwe-DevOps, ukwakheka nezindima zochwepheshe zahlala zifana (kukhona onjiniyela, kukhona onjiniyela), kepha imithetho yokusebenzisana ishintshile. Imingcele phakathi kweminyango ifiphele.
Imigomo ye-DevOps ingachazwa ngamaphuzu amathathu:
- Isofthiwe kumele ibuyekezwe njalo.
- Isoftware kumele yenziwe ngokushesha.
- Isoftware kufanele isetshenziswe ngokufanele nangesikhathi esifushane.
Alikho ithuluzi elilodwa le-DevOps. Ukulungisa, ukudiliva nokufunda imikhiqizo eminingana akusho ukuthi i-DevOps isivele enkampanini. Kunamathuluzi amaningi futhi wonke asetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukene, kodwa asebenza inhloso eyodwa efanayo.
Futhi lokhu kuyingxenye kuphela yamathuluzi we-DevOps
Bengixoxisana nabantu ngesikhundla sikanjiniyela we-DevOps iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 manje, futhi ngiye ngabona ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqonda ngokucacile ingqikithi yaleli gama. Ngiqongelele ulwazi oluthile, engikuqaphelile kanye nemicabango engifuna ukwabelana ngayo.
Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwenhlolokhono, ngibona isithombe esilandelayo: ochwepheshe ababheka i-DevOps njengesihloko somsebenzi ngokuvamile banokungaqondi nozakwabo.
Kwakukhona isibonelo esiphawulekayo. Kwafika insizwa kunhlolokhono inamagama amaningi ahlakaniphile ku-resume yayo. Emisebenzini yakhe emithathu yokugcina, wayenesipiliyoni sezinyanga ezingu-5-6. Ngishiye iziqalo ezimbili ngoba "azizange zihambe." Kodwa mayelana nenkampani yesithathu, wathi akekho omqondayo lapho: abathuthukisi babhala ikhodi ku-Windows, futhi umqondisi uphoqa le khodi ukuthi "igoqwe" ku-Docker evamile futhi yakhelwe epayipini le-CI / CD. Lo mfana washo izinto eziningi ezingezinhle ngendawo asebenza kuyo kanye nozakwabo - bengifuna ukuphendula: "Ngakho-ke ngeke udayise indlovu."
Ngabe sengimbuza umbuzo ophakeme ohlwini lwami kuwo wonke umuntu ozobhapathizwa.
- Isho ukuthini i-DevOps kuwe uqobo?
- Ngokuvamile noma ngikubona kanjani?
Nganginesithakazelo embonweni wakhe siqu. Wayeyazi inkolelo-mbono nomsuka waleli gama, kodwa wayephikisana kakhulu nawo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi i-DevOps yayiyisihloko somsebenzi. Yilapho okulele khona umsuka wezinkinga zakhe. Kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abanombono ofanayo.
Abaqashi, njengoba bezwe okuningi mayelana "nomlingo we-DevOps", bafuna ukuthola umuntu ozofika futhi adale lo "mlingo". Futhi abafake izicelo abavela esigabeni esithi βDevOps is a jobβ abaqondi ukuthi ngale ndlela ngeke bakwazi ukufeza okulindelekile. Futhi, ngokuvamile, babhale i-DevOps ku-resume yabo ngoba iwumkhuba futhi bayikhokhela kakhulu.
Indlela ye-DevOps nefilosofi
Indlela yokusebenza ingaba ithiyori futhi isebenziseke. Esimweni sethu, ingeyesibili. Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, i-DevOps iyisethi yemikhuba namasu asetshenziselwa ukufeza imigomo eshiwo. Futhi esimweni ngasinye, kuye ngezinqubo zebhizinisi zenkampani, kungase kuhluke kakhulu. Okungakwenzi kube ngcono noma kubi kakhulu.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-DevOps iyindlela yokufinyelela imigomo.
Manje mayelana nokuthi iyini ifilosofi ye-DevOps. Futhi lona cishe umbuzo onzima kakhulu.
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza impendulo emfushane futhi emfushane, ngoba ayikamiswa ibe semthethweni. Futhi njengoba abalandeli befilosofi ye-DevOps bematasa kakhulu ekusebenzeni, asikho nje isikhathi sefilosofi. Nokho, lena inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobene ngokuqondile nemisebenzi yobunjiniyela. Kukhona ngisho nendawo ekhethekile yolwazi - .
Sasingekho isifundo esinjalo enyuvesi yami, kwakufanele ngizifundele yonke into ngedwa ngisebenzisa izinto engangingazithola ngeminyaka yawo-90s. Isihloko siyakhethwa ngemfundo yobunjiniyela, yingakho ukushoda kokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwempendulo. Kodwa labo bantu abacwiliswe kakhulu ku-DevOps baqala ukuzwa "umoya" othile noma "ukuqonda okungaqondakali" kwazo zonke izinqubo zenkampani.
Ngisebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwami, ngazama ukwenza ngokusemthethweni ezinye βzemibonoβ yale filosofi. Umphumela uba okulandelayo:
- I-DevOps akuyona into ezimele engahlukaniswa ibe yindawo ehlukile yolwazi noma umsebenzi.
- Bonke abasebenzi benkampani kufanele baqondiswe indlela ye-DevOps lapho behlela imisebenzi yabo.
- I-DevOps ithinta zonke izinqubo ezingaphakathi kwenkampani.
- I-DevOps ikhona ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zesikhathi zanoma yiziphi izinqubo ngaphakathi kwenkampani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zayo kanye nokunethezeka okukhulu kwamakhasimende.
- I-DevOps, ngolimi lwesimanje, yisikhundla esisebenzayo saso sonke isisebenzi senkampani, okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-IT esizungezile.
Ngicabanga ukuthi βizinkulumoβ zami ziyisihloko esihlukile sokuxoxa ngaso. Kodwa manje kukhona okumele akhelwe kukho.
Okwenziwa yi-DevOps
Igama eliyinhloko lapha ukuxhumana. Kuningi ukuxhumana, umqalisi wawo okufanele kube nguye kanye unjiniyela ofanayo we-DevOps. Kungani kunjalo? Ngoba lena ifilosofi kanye nendlela yokusebenza, bese kuphela ulwazi lobunjiniyela.
Angikwazi ukukhuluma ngokuzethemba okungu-100% mayelana nemakethe yezabasebenzi yaseNtshonalanga. Kepha ngazi okuningi ngemakethe ye-DevOps eRussia. Ngaphezu kwamakhulu ezingxoxo, phakathi nonyaka odlule nengxenye ngibambe iqhaza emakhulwini ezinto ezisetshenziswayo zezobuchwepheshe zesevisi ethi "Ukuqaliswa Kwe-DevOps" yezinkampani ezinkulu namabhange aseRussia.
E-Russia, i-DevOps iseyisihloko esincane kakhulu, kodwa esivele sithrendayo. Ngokwazi kwami, eMoscow kuphela ukushoda kochwepheshe abanjalo ngo-2019 kwakunabantu abangaphezu kwe-1000. Futhi igama elithi Kubernetes labaqashi licishe lifane nendwangu ebomvu yenkunzi. Abalandeli baleli thuluzi balungele ukulisebenzisa ngisho nalapho kungenasidingo futhi kunenzuzo yezomnotho. Umqashi akaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yiziphi izimo okufanele zisetshenziswe, futhi ngokusetshenziswa okufanele, ukugcinwa kweqoqo le-Kubernetes kubiza izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngaphezu kokuthumela isicelo kusetshenziswa uhlelo olujwayelekile lweqoqo. Yisebenzise lapho uyidinga khona ngempela.
Ukusebenzisa i-DevOps kuyabiza ngokwemali. Futhi ilungisiswa kuphela lapho iletha izinzuzo zezomnotho kwezinye izindawo, hhayi ngokwayo.
Onjiniyela be-DevOps, empeleni, bangamaphayona - yibona okufanele babe ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa le ndlela enkampanini kanye nezinqubo zokwakha. Ukuze lokhu kube yimpumelelo, uchwepheshe kufanele ahlanganyele njalo nabasebenzi kanye nozakwabo kuwo wonke amazinga. Njengoba ngivame ukusho, bonke abasebenzi benkampani kufanele babambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokusebenzisa i-DevOps: kusukela kowesifazane ohlanzayo kuya ku-CEO. Futhi lokhu kuyisidingo. Uma ilungu elincane kakhulu leqembu lingazi futhi liqondi ukuthi iyini i-DevOps nokuthi kungani izenzo ezithile zenhlangano zenziwa, khona-ke ukuqaliswa okuyimpumelelo ngeke kusebenze.
Futhi, unjiniyela we-DevOps udinga ukusebenzisa insiza yokuphatha ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, ukuze unqobe "ukumelana nemvelo" - lapho iqembu lingakalungeli ukwamukela amathuluzi we-DevOps nendlela yokwenza.
Umthuthukisi kufanele abhale ikhodi nezivivinyo kuphela. Ukuze enze lokhu, akadingi ikhompuyutha ephathekayo enamandla kakhulu azosebenzisa kuyo futhi asekele yonke ingqalasizinda yephrojekthi. Isibonelo, umthuthukisi ongaphambili ugcina zonke izici zohlelo lokusebenza kukhompuyutha yakhe ephathekayo, okuhlanganisa isizindalwazi, i-emulator ye-S3 (minio), njll. Okusho ukuthi, uchitha isikhathi esiningi egcina le ngqalasizinda yendawo futhi elwa yedwa yedwa nazo zonke izinkinga zesixazululo esinjalo. Esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa ikhodi yangaphambili. Abantu abanjalo bangamelana kakhulu nanoma yiluphi ushintsho.
Kodwa kukhona amaqembu okuthi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ajabule ukwethula amathuluzi amasha nezindlela, futhi ahlanganyele ngenkuthalo kule nqubo. Nakuba nakulokhu, ukuxhumana phakathi kukanjiniyela we-DevOps nethimba akuzange kukhanselwe.
Uma i-DevOps ingadingeki
Kunezimo lapho i-DevOps ingadingeki. Leli yiqiniso - lidinga ukuqondwa futhi lamukelwe.
Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kunoma yiziphi izinkampani (ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane), lapho inzuzo yabo ingaxhomeki ngokuqondile ekubeni khona noma ukungabikho kwemikhiqizo ye-IT ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolwazi kumakhasimende. Futhi lapha asikhulumi ngewebhusayithi yenkampani, kungaba "ikhadi lebhizinisi" elimile noma elinamabhulokhi wezindaba ashukumisayo, njll.
I-DevOps iyadingeka lapho ukwaneliseka kweklayenti lakho kanye nesifiso salo sokubuyela kuwe futhi kuncike ekutholakaleni kwalezi zinsizakalo zolwazi ukuze uxhumane neklayenti, ikhwalithi yalo kanye nokukhomba.
Isibonelo esimangalisayo yibhange elilodwa elaziwayo. Inkampani ayinawo amahhovisi amaklayenti ajwayelekile, ukugeleza kwamadokhumenti kwenziwa ngeposi noma ngeposi, futhi abasebenzi abaningi basebenzela ekhaya. Inkampani iyekile ukuba yibhange nje futhi, ngokubona kwami, isiphenduke inkampani ye-IT enobuchwepheshe be-DevOps obuthuthukisiwe.
Ezinye izibonelo eziningi nezinkulumo zingatholakala ekurekhodweni kwemihlangano enezihloko nezinkomfa. Ngizivakashele mathupha ezinye zazo - lokhu kuyinto ewusizo kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ngale ndlela. Nazi izixhumanisi zeziteshi ze-YouTube ezinezinkulumo ezinhle nezinto zokwakha ku-DevOps:
Manje bheka ibhizinisi lakho bese ucabanga ngalokhu: Inkampani yakho kanye nenzuzo yayo incike kangakanani emikhiqizweni ye-IT ukuze ivumele ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende?
Uma inkampani yakho ithengisa izinhlanzi esitolo esincane futhi okuwukuphela komkhiqizo we-IT yi-1C emibili: Ukuhlelwa kwebhizinisi (Accounting kanye ne-UNF), ngakho-ke akwenzi mqondo ukukhuluma nge-DevOps.
Uma usebenza ebhizinisini elikhulu lokuhweba nokukhiqiza (isibonelo, ukhiqiza izibhamu zokuzingela), kufanele ucabange ngakho. Ungathatha isinyathelo futhi udlulisele kubaphathi bakho amathuba okusebenzisa i-DevOps. Yebo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, hola le nqubo. Isikhundla sokusebenza singenye yezimiso ezibalulekile zefilosofi ye-DevOps.
Usayizi nomthamo wenzuzo yezimali yonyaka akuwona umbandela oyinhloko wokunquma ukuthi inkampani yakho iyayidinga yini i-DevOps.
Ake sicabange ngebhizinisi elikhulu lezimboni elingasebenzisani ngqo namakhasimende. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto nezinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto. Angiqiniseki manje, kodwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ββββkwangaphambilini, iminyaka eminingi konke ukuxhumana kwamakhasimende kwenziwa nge-imeyili nefoni.
Amakhasimende abo awuhlu olulinganiselwe lwabadayisi bezimoto. Futhi ngamunye unikezwa uchwepheshe ovela kumenzi. Konke ukugeleza kwemibhalo yangaphakathi kwenzeka nge-SAP ERP. Abasebenzi bangaphakathi empeleni bangamakhasimende ohlelo lolwazi. Kodwa le IS ilawulwa ngezindlela zakudala zokuphatha amasistimu eqoqo. Okungabandakanyi ithuba lokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-DevOps.
Ngakho-ke isiphetho: kumabhizinisi anjalo, ukuqaliswa kwe-DevOps akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, uma sikhumbula izinhloso zendlela yokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kwesihloko. Kodwa angikhiphi ukuthi basebenzisa amanye amathuluzi we-DevOps namuhla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinkampani eziningi ezincane ezithuthukisa isofthiwe zisebenzisa indlela ye-DevOps, ifilosofi, imikhuba namathuluzi. Futhi bakholelwa ukuthi izindleko zokusebenzisa i-DevOps yizindleko ezibavumela ukuthi baqhudelane ngokuphumelelayo emakethe yesofthiwe. Izibonelo zezinkampani ezinjalo zingabonakala .
Umbandela oyinhloko wokuqonda ukuthi i-DevOps iyadingeka yini: inani lemikhiqizo yakho ye-IT enalo enkampanini nakumakhasimende.
Uma umkhiqizo oyinhloko wenkampani owenza inzuzo kuyisofthiwe, udinga i-DevOps. Futhi akubalulekile kangako uma uhola imali yangempela usebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izitolo eziku-inthanethi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezinemidlalo.
Noma yimiphi imidlalo ikhona ngenxa yoxhaso: oluqondile noma olungaqondile oluvela kubadlali. E-Playgendary, sithuthukisa imidlalo yamaselula yamahhala enabantu abangaphezu kuka-200 ababambe iqhaza ngokuqondile ekudalweni kwayo. Siyisebenzisa kanjani i-DevOps?
Yebo, kufana ncamashi nalokhu kuchazwe ngenhla. Ngihlala ngixhumana nonjiniyela nabahloli, futhi ngiqhuba uqeqesho lwangaphakathi lwezisebenzi kundlela yokusebenza ye-DevOps namathuluzi.
Manje sisebenzisa i-Jenkins ngenkuthalo njengethuluzi lamapayipi e-CI/CD ekusebenziseni wonke amapayipi okuhlanganisa nge-Unity kanye nokuthunyelwa okulandelayo ku-App Store kanye ne-Play Market. Okuningi okuvela kukhithi yamathuluzi yakudala:
- I-Asana - yokuphatha iphrojekthi. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Jenkins kulungiselelwe.
- I-Google Meet - yemihlangano yevidiyo.
- I-Slack - yezokuxhumana nezexwayiso ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izaziso ezivela ku-Jenkins.
- I-Atlassian Confluence - yokwenza imibhalo nomsebenzi weqembu.
Izinhlelo zethu ezisheshayo zihlanganisa ukwethula ukuhlaziywa kwekhodi emile kusetshenziswa i-SonarQube kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-UI okuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa i-Selenium esigabeni Sokuhlanganisa Okuqhubekayo.
Esikhundleni isiphetho
Ngithanda ukuphetha ngomcabango olandelayo: ukuze ube unjiniyela we-DevOps oqeqeshwe kakhulu, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nabantu.
Unjiniyela we-DevOps ungumdlali weqembu. Futhi akukho okunye. Isinyathelo sokuxhumana nozakwethu kufanele sivele kuye, hhayi ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo ezithile. Uchwepheshe we-DevOps kufanele abone futhi aphakamise isixazululo esingcono kakhulu seqembu.
Futhi yebo, ukuqaliswa kwanoma yisiphi isisombululo kuzodinga ukuxoxisana okuningi, futhi ekugcineni kungase kushintshe ngokuphelele. Ukuthuthukisa ngokuzimela, ukuphakamisa nokusebenzisa imibono yakhe, umuntu onjalo unenani elikhulayo kokubili eqenjini nakumqashi. Okuyinto, ekugcineni, ibonakala enanini lomholo wakhe wanyanga zonke noma ngendlela yamabhonasi engeziwe.
Source: www.habr.com