Onjiniyela be-DevOps bangochwepheshe bemikhakha eminingi abakwaziyo ukwenza izinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi bazi ukuthi onjiniyela, i-QA nabaphathi basebenza kanjani. Bayakwazi ukuhlela, basebenzise amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha futhi abalahleki lapho bebhekene nomsebenzi abangawazi. Kukhona onjiniyela abambalwa be-DevOps - bazimisele ukubakhokhela ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200-300, kodwa kusenezikhala eziningi.
UDmitry Kuzmin uchaza ukuthi yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-DevOps nokuthi yini okudingeka uyifunde ukuze ufake isicelo saleso sikhundla. Ibhonasi: izixhumanisi ezibalulekile zezincwadi, amavidiyo, iziteshi kanye nomphakathi wochwepheshe.
Wenzani unjiniyela we-DevOps?
Esimeni se-DevOps, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi imigomo. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-DevOps akuyona indawo ethile yomsebenzi, kodwa ifilosofi yobungcweti. Kuyindlela esiza onjiniyela, abahloli nabaphathi besistimu basebenze ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokungabi nazihibe.
Ngakho-ke, unjiniyela we-DevOps unguchwepheshe osebenzisa le ndlela enqubweni yomsebenzi:
- Esigabeni sokuhlela, unjiniyela we-DevOps usiza ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezakhiwo uhlelo lokusebenza oluzolisebenzisa, ukuthi luzokala kanjani, nokukhetha isistimu ye-orchestration.
- Ngemuva kwalokho usetha amaseva, ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo nokulayisha amakhodi, nokuhlola imvelo.
- Bese izenzela ukuhlola futhi ixazulule izinkinga zokuthunyelwa.
- Ngemuva kokukhululwa, kubalulekile ukuqoqa impendulo kubasebenzisi futhi usebenzise ukuthuthukiswa. I-DevOps yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abasebenzisi abakuboni lokhu kuthuthukiswa futhi inqubo yokubuyekeza iyaqhubeka.
- Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ixazulula inqwaba yezinkinga ezisiza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lomsebenzi lwabathuthukisi, i-QA, abaphathi bezinhlelo nabaphathi.
Konke okubhalwe ngenhla kwenzeka kumaphrojekthi aseduze nokuhle. Ezweni langempela, kufanele uqale iphrojekthi lapho ukuhlela kugejiwe, ukwakheka kwakungalungile, futhi waqala ukucabanga ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho wonke amaphrojekthi emiswa. Futhi ukuqonda zonke lezi zinkinga, ukuzixazulula nokwenza yonke into isebenze kuyikhono elibalulekile likachwepheshe we-DevOps.
Kunokudideka emakethe yamathalente. Kwesinye isikhathi ibhizinisi lifuna onjiniyela be-DevOps esikhundleni sikanjiniyela wezinhlelo, unjiniyela wokwakha, noma omunye umuntu. Izibopho nazo ziyashintsha kuye ngobukhulu benkampani kanye nesiqondiso - endaweni ethile bafuna umuntu ozobonisana naye, endaweni ethile bacelwa ukuba benze konke okuzenzakalelayo, futhi endaweni ethile kudingeka benze imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe yomphathi wesistimu owazi ukuhlela.
Okudingayo ukuze uqale emsebenzini
Ukungena kulo mkhakha kudinga ukuzilungiselela kwangaphambili. Ngeke ukwazi ukumane uthathe izifundo kusukela ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokuqonda lutho nge-IT, futhi ufunde ukuya ezingeni elincane. Kudingeka ingemuva lobuchwepheshe:
- Kuhle uma usebenza izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu njengomlawuli wesistimu, uchwepheshe wemisebenzi noma wokuhlola. Noma okungenani ube nombono wokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziqala kanjani, zingathuthuka kuyiphi indawo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona iphutha. Uma ungenalo ulwazi lomsebenzi, thatha noma yisiphi isifundo sokuphatha i-Linux, uphinda yonke into eyenzekayo emshinini wakho wasekhaya.
- Qonda ukuthi ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi busebenza kanjani - funda ukufaka, ukulungisa nokuphatha amanethiwekhi endawo nawendawo ebanzi.
- Bona ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani futhi lusebenza kanjani - bhala imibhalo embalwa ku-Python noma i-Go, zama ukuqonda izimiso ze-OOP (Object-Oriented Programming), funda ngomjikelezo wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo ojwayelekile.
- Ulwazi lwesiNgisi lobuchwepheshe luzoba usizo - akudingekile ukuxhumana ngezihloko zamahhala, kwanele ukukwazi ukufunda imibhalo kanye nezixhumanisi.
Akudingekile ukwazi yonke into esohlwini ngokuningiliziwe; ukuqala ukufunda i-DevOps, izinga elincane lokuqeqeshwa lanele. Uma unesizinda esinjalo sobuchwepheshe, zama ukubhalisa ezifundweni.
Yini i-DevOps Okufanele Yazi
Unjiniyela omuhle we-DevOps uchwepheshe wemikhakha eminingi onombono obanzi kakhulu. Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo, kuzodingeka uqonde izindawo ezimbalwa ze-IT ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuthuthukiswa
I-DevOps izobhala iskripthi esizosiza onjiniyela bafake ikhodi kuseva. Izodala uhlelo oluhlola ukusabela kwesizindalwazi βngokuphazima kwesoβ. Izobhala isicelo sokulawula inguqulo. Okokugcina, vele uqaphele inkinga yokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka ivele kuseva.
Uchwepheshe oqinile we-DevOps wazi izilimi ezimbalwa ezilungele ukuzenzekelayo. Akawaqondi kahle, kodwa angabhala ngokushesha uhlelo oluncane noma afunde ikhodi yomunye umuntu. Uma ungakaze uhlangabezane nentuthuko ngaphambili, qala ngePython - ine-syntax elula, kulula ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe bamafu, futhi kunemibhalo eminingi nemitapo yolwazi.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza
Akunakwenzeka ukwazi wonke amakhono enguqulo ngayinye yesistimu ngayinye - ungachitha izinkulungwane zamahora ekuqeqeshweni okunjalo futhi ngeke kube usizo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-DevOps enhle iqonda imigomo evamile yokusebenza kunoma iyiphi i-OS. Noma, uma sibheka okushiwo ezikhaleni, iningi selisebenza eLinux.
Unjiniyela omuhle uyaqonda ukuthi iyiphi isistimu engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa iphrojekthi, yimaphi amathuluzi okufanele asetshenziswe, nokuthi yimaphi amaphutha okungenzeka avele phakathi nokuqaliswa noma ukusebenza.
Amafu
Cloud technology market ngokwesilinganiso ngo-20-25% ngonyaka - ingqalasizinda enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwekhodi yokuhlola, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingxenyeni, futhi ulethe izibuyekezo kubasebenzisi. I-DevOps enhle iqonda kokubili izixazululo zamafu ne-hybrid.
Izidingo ezijwayelekile zonjiniyela ngokuvamile zihlanganisa i-GCP, i-AWS ne-Azure.
Lokhu kubandakanya ubungoti kumathuluzi e-CI/CD. Ngokuvamile, i-Jenkins isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, kodwa ama-analogues kufanelekile ukuzama. Ziningi zazo, isibonelo uBuddy, TeamCity kanye neGitlab CI. Kuzoba usizo ukufunda i-Terraform - iyithuluzi elimemezelayo elikusiza ukuthi usethe ukude futhi ulungiselele ingqalasizinda emafini. KANYE I-Packer, edingekayo ukuze udale ngokuzenzakalelayo izithombe ze-OS.
Amasistimu e-Orchestration nama-microservices
I-Microservice Architecture inezinzuzo eziningi - ukuzinza, ikhono lokukala ngokushesha, ukwenza lula nokusebenzisa kabusha. I-DevOps iyaqonda ukuthi ama-microservices asebenza kanjani futhi angalindela izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Ubazi kahle uDocker noKubernetes. Iyaqonda ukuthi iziqukathi zisebenza kanjani, kwakhiwa kanjani isistimu ukuze ukwazi ukukhubaza ezinye zazo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesistimu iyonke. Isibonelo, angakha iqoqo le-Kubernetes esebenzisa i-Ansible
Yini enye i-DevOps okufanele izame?
Uhlu lwamathuluzi angaba wusizo kunjiniyela we-DevOps alupheli. Abanye basebenza ku-orchestration yephrojekthi, abanye bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi besebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa nokuhlola, kanti abanye bathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ekulawuleni ukucushwa. Kule nqubo, kuzocaca ukuthi kumbiwe kuphi nokuthi yimaphi amaphrojekthi azoba usizo.
Nansi enye ubuncane obuncane obuzosiza ekuqaleni:
- Qonda ukuthi i-Git ne-Github isebenza kanjani uma ungakenzi. Faka i-GitLab kuseva yakho.
- Jwayelana nezilimi zemakhaphu ze-JSON ne-YAML.
- Faka futhi uzame ukusebenza kusizindalwazi - hhayi i-MySQL kuphela, kodwa ne-NoSQL. Zama i-MongoDB.
- Qonda ukuthi ukuphatha kanjani ukucushwa kwamaseva amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-Ansible.
- Setha ukuqapha ukulayisha kanye namalogi ngokushesha. Zama inhlanganisela ye-Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager.
- Bheka izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu zokusatshalaliswa kwezilimi ezahlukahlukene - udinga nje ukujwayelana, ukuzisebenzisa futhi uziqonde kuphrojekthi yokuqeqeshwa noma yokusebenza.
Kungani kufanele uqale ukufunda i-DevOps manje
Kukhona ukushoda kwabasebenzi emakethe yonjiniyela be-DevOps. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngokwemibandela inani nekhwalithi yezikhala:
- E-Russia, ku-HeadHunter kuphela, imisebenzi engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-2 itholakala njalo kuleli gama elingukhiye.
- Futhi abantu abayi-1 kuphela abathumele ukuqhubeka kwabo.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukuthumela i-resume akusho ukufuna umsebenzi ngenkuthalo, kuvela ukuthi kuchwepheshe oyedwa kunezikhala ezimbili noma ezintathu - lesi simo asikho ngisho nasemakethe ethandwayo yokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Engeza lapha izikhala ezengeziwe ezivela eziteshini ze-Habr ne-Telegram - ukushoda kochwepheshe kukhulu.
Naka izidingo zamaholo abenzi bezicelo
I-DevOps ayifunwa kangako emhlabeni - uma uzothuthela e-USA noma e-Europe, khona-ke ku-portal kuphela. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-34 zifuna ochwepheshe abanjalo. Izidingo ezivamile zihlanganisa isipiliyoni seminyaka engu-1-3, ikhono lokusebenza namafu, futhi ungesabi imisebenzi yokubonisana.
Kukhona izikhathi eziningi okunikezwayo okumbalwa kwe-freelancing - Onjiniyela be-DevOps bafuna ikakhulukazi abasebenzi nezikhundla zesikhathi esigcwele.
Ukuthola iphrojekthi efanelekile yokuzimela kunzima, kodwa kungenzeka
Indlela evamile yomsebenzi kanjiniyela we-DevOps ingacatshangwa into enjengale:
- Usebenze njengomphathi wesistimu enkampanini encane ye-IT izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ufunda ulimi olulungele ukuzishintshanisa.
- Ufunda ngokujulile izifundo cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
- Ukuthuthela komunye umsebenzi - enkampanini ethengisa izixazululo zamafu, igatsha lenkampani enkulu, kubathuthukisi bamaphrojekthi amakhulu. Kalula nje, lapho kunesidingo sokuzenzakalela njalo nokusebenza. Esimeni sokuqala cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100.
- Useneminyaka eminingi esebenza futhi efunda, ekhulisa iholo lakhe izikhathi eziningana.
- Iba uchwepheshe emphakathini oqeqeshiwe futhi ingena ekubonisaneni. Noma ikhula ibe umakhi wesistimu noma umqondisi we-IT.
I-DevOps inzima. Udinga ukuhlanganisa amakhono ochwepheshe abaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Iba umuntu olungele ukunikeza ngcono lapho abanye ochwepheshe be-IT bengacabangi ngisho nganoma yini enye. Bakhokha kakhulu ngalokhu, kodwa futhi badinga inani elikhulu lolwazi.
Ingakanani i-DevOps ezuzayo?
Ngokwemininingwane yekota yesibili ka-2019, umholo omaphakathi wama-devops uphakathi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 neziyi-160. Kukhona izinhlinzeko ezishibhile - ikakhulukazi izinkulungwane ezingama-60-70.
Kukhona njalo izinhlinzeko ezifika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-200, futhi kunezikhala ezinamaholo afinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-330.
Phakathi kochwepheshe bokusebenza, i-DevOps ikhokhelwa kakhulu kunabanye. Umthombo:
Onjiniyela be-DevOps, okuhlanganisa nabaqalayo, manje sebedingeka emabhange amakhulu, ezinkampanini, ezinsizakalweni zamafu, izinhlelo zokuhweba nezinye izinhlangano ezikhathalela ukugcina izixazululo zazo ze-IT.
Umuntu ozokhethwa kahle kakhulu esikhaleni esincane oneholo lezinkulungwane ezingama-60-90 angaba umlawuli wesistimu onesipiliyoni esingangonyaka kanye nediploma ekhethekile.
Azikho izibalo ezinjalo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi abantu abanolwazi ku-Linux bakhokhelwa kakhulu
Ongakubuka nokufunda ukuze ukhule emsebenzini wakho
Ukuze ungene emhlabeni we-DevOps, zama imithombo embalwa yolwazi:
- [YouTube, ENG] - amavidiyo amaningi avela ezinkomfeni namawebinars ezemfundo.
- [YouTube, RUS] - imibiko yevidiyo evela enkomfeni yochwepheshe ye-DevOps e-Russia.
- [incwadi, RUS] ingenye yezincwadi ezidume kakhulu ngefilosofi ye-DevOps. Le ncwadi iqukethe izimiso ezijwayelekile zendlela yokusebenza; isho ukuthi yini okufanele uyinake kuqala lapho usebenza kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi.
- [incwadi, RUS] - ithiyori nezimiso eziningi mayelana nendlela ukuphathwa kwesistimu okufanele kwakhiwe ngayo.
- [incwadi, ENG] - isibuyekezo samasonto onke sezindaba mayelana nokwenzeka ku-DevOps emhlabeni jikelele.
- [I-Telegraph, RUS] - izindaba zemboni, izimemezelo zengqungquthela, izixhumanisi zama-athikili nezincwadi ezintsha ezithakazelisayo.
- [I-Telegram, RUS] - Ingxoxo yolimi lwesi-Russian lapho ungacela khona iseluleko futhi ucele usizo ngokulungiselela.
- I-Devops.com isayithi elikhulu lamazwe ngamazwe elinama-athikili, ama-webinars, ama-podcasts namakholomu avela ezinkampanini ezinkulu embonini.
- - Umphakathi okhuluma isiRashiya wonjiniyela be-DevOps nabazwelayo.
- Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zolimi ozolusebenzisela ukuthuthukiswa.
Lapho ungafunda khona i-DevOps
Ungathola ulwazi oluhlelekile esifundweni ""ku-Netology. Uzofunda umjikelezo ogcwele wendlela yokusebenza:
- Funda indlela yokuhlaziya ikhodi futhi usebenzise ngokushesha amathuluzi okulawula inguqulo.
- Qonda izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, ukuhlola nokwakha.
- Funda ukuphatha nokwenza izinguquko zohlelo lokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Thola ukusebenzelana ngamathuluzi okumisa nawokuphatha.
- Zijwayeze ukukhetha ngokushesha futhi ulungiselele izinsiza ezidingekayo zokuqapha.
Thola isifundo sokuhlela sePython njengebhonasi - uzoxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha nakalula. Konke kuyasebenza - sisebenzisa i-AWS, GCP noma i-Azure.
Lokhu kwanele ukushintsha unjiniyela oyimfundamakhwela noma umlawuli wesistimu abe yi-DevOps efunwayo futhi ukhuphule ithegi yakho yentengo emakethe yezabasebenzi.
Source: www.habr.com