Ukuguqula:
Azat Khadiev: Sawubona. Igama lami ngingu-Azat Khadiev. Ngingunjiniyela we-PaaS we-Mail.ru Cloud Solutions. Ngikanye nami nangu uPavel Selivanov waseSouthbridge. Sisengqungqutheleni ye-DevOpsDays. Uzonikeza inkulumo lapha mayelana nokuthi ungakha kanjani i-DevOps nge-Kubernetes, kodwa cishe ngeke uphumelele. Kungani kunesihloko esimnyama kangaka?
UPavel Selivanov: Empeleni akudangali. Kumayelana neqiniso lokuthi sizama ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi emphakathini wethu ngosizo lobuchwepheshe. Futhi sizama ukuxazulula izinto ngosizo lobuchwepheshe ngendlela yohlangothi olulodwa. I-Kubenetes iyafana - lena into ababhekene nayo, omunye angase athi i-Ops. Kepha sinomqondo omuhle kanjiniyela we-DevOps. Unjiniyela we-DevOps unesibopho se-Kubernetes. Ngesikhathi esifanayo... Njengoba wenza i-Kubernetes, kodwa abafana be-Dev abazi zonke lezi Kubernetes nhlobo, abazi ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi wenzeni - futhi yonke into iphila ngendlela efanayo kubo. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Kubernetes iqukethe izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo, amathuluzi enziwe ngomumo ukuze kusetshenziswe lobu buchwepheshe ukwelula le ndlela ye-DevOps, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-Dev ne-Ops. Sisebenzisa leli thuba kancane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi sidlulisela ngisho nezakhiwo zamanje kuwo wonke lawa mathuluzi e-DevOps - i-Docker, i-Kubernetes, amafu nokunye - sishubisa lesi simo nakakhulu. Futhi siqala ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngokuhlukile kunalokho abehlosiwe. Futhi nje kwakhiwa izinduku ezimbi kubo bonke lobu buchwepheshe.
Azat Khadiev: Ngiyabona. Kuzwakala njengesihloko esibanzi. Ucabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezivame kakhulu izinkampani ezinazo njengamanje? With Kubernetes.
I-Pavel Selivanov: Inkinga evame kakhulu nge-Kubernetes ukuntuleka kwamakhono. Lena inkinga evamile ku-IT. Kuhlale kushoda ongoti. Kuhlale kuntuleka amakhono. Futhi manje ngeKubernetes awekho amakhono anele. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kusenezisombululo esenziwe ngomumo eziyi-XNUMX% emakethe ezingakuvumela ukuthi uthole i-Kubernetes, kepha ngasikhathi sinye awunawo amakhono adingekayo; kukhona ezimbalwa zazo emakethe. Futhi lezo ezikhona, zonke ziphakamisa imibuzo ethile. Nge-Kubernetes, sihlala sifuna abantu abakuqondayo lokhu. Sizama ukuvumelanisa intuthuko kulokhu.
I-Azat Khadiev: Futhi uma kubhekwa ukushoda kwamanje kwabasebenzi ku-IT. Okuhlale kukhona. Futhi manje kukhona. Ucabanga ukuthi ungaphila kanjani ngaphansi kwalezi zimo? Yimaphi ama-hacks empilo akhona?
Pavel Selivanov: Lifehacks. Okokuqala, ngokombono wamafu, i-hack yempilo ibukeka kanjena - ake sinikeze amanye amakhono akho. Futhi sizozithathela zona. Futhi sizokwenza lokhu ngaphakathi kwethu. Futhi lokho konke kuhle. Ngaphandle kokuthi kubalulekile ukuqonda kulabo abayisebenzisayo... Empeleni umzuzu omuhle kakhulu... Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma sinikeza ingxenye yamakhono ethu endaweni ethile kumafu noma kumhlinzeki, sithola isisombululo sendawo yonke ngokubuyisela. . Uma sikhuluma nje, sinesizindalwazi esenza izinto eziqondile, futhi simiswe ngendlela eqondile. Ngokunikeza le database efwini, thina, vele, singaxosha umlawuli owayejwayele ukubhekana namaqoqo esizindalwazi - i-Amazon efanayo noma i-Google izosenzela lokhu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Amazon noma i-Google ngeke isivumele ukuthi silungiselele ngokucacile imininingwane yethu. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu, izinkampani ezinkulu - kunoma yikuphi, zifika ezingeni lokuthi esikhathini esithile sempilo yabo zisebenzisa izixazululo zamafu, bese, noma kunjalo, zibuyela ekubuyiseleni amakhono, ngoba kudingeka okuthile okucacile. .
I-Azat Khadiev: Ingabe izixazululo zendawo yonke zimbi noma zingakhiwa okwengeziwe ngesisekelo sazo?
UPavel Selivanov: Cha, izixazululo zomhlaba wonke azimbi neze. Izixazululo zomhlaba wonke zinhle. Izixazululo nje jikelele... jikelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lapha. Kufana nokuthatha iskripthi esivamile... Uma ungakwazi ukwakha yonke ingqondo yomsebenzi wenkampani mayelana nalesi script esivamile, isicelo esivamile, khona-ke lokho kuhle. Futhi uma i-logic yomsebenzi ihlukile, kodwa uthatha lesi sixazululo sendawo yonke, iskripthi sendawo yonke - futhi uqale, njengesikhova, ukudonsa imbulunga, lokhu kubi. Futhi akukho lutho olungalungile nge-universalism ngokwayo.
U-Azat Khadiev: Uma lo mphathi esevele ekusebenzela, iphuzu alikho ekuxoshweni kwakhe. Uzokwazi nje ukwenza okwengeziwe.
UPavel Selivanov: Yebo, susa isimiso kuye futhi ubanike endaweni ethile kumuntu ozokwenziwa endaweni ethile lapho. Lena indlela enhle ngempela. Iphuzu elibalulekile lapha ukuthi ngabe lesi sixazululo esijwayelekile sifanele icala elithile.
U-Azat Khadiev: Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, ngibona ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zenza into efanayo. Bamisa iqoqo le-Kubernetes futhi bacabanga ngokulikala. Futhi yonke le misebenzi iphindaphindeka kakhulu.
UPavel Selivanov: Yebo, nakanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sithatha i-Kubernetes ngokuqondile, kunephuzu elinjalo lokuthi kunolwazi oluncane olujulile, oluhle ku-Kubernetes emakethe njengamanje. Futhi uKubernetes ungumakhi omkhulu kangangokuthi uma uyiqasha enkampanini, ulungele ukuhamba nonjiniyela ozokwenza sonke lesi sikhathi esigcwele. Futhi kuyabiza. Bese uzama ukuthola unjiniyela onjalo futhi. Uma ngikhuluma ngami, angithandi ngempela noma yiziphi izixazululo zamafu, ngoba nginokuqonda okuhle nokujulile kokuthi uKubernetes usebenza kanjani. Futhi ngokuvamile emafwini ngivele ngiswele okuthile engikucelayo - kodwa bangitshela ukuthi "Cha, awukwazi." Hhayi-ke uma kunjalo, ngiyaxolisa, kodwa ngingenza kangcono kune-Cloud. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ungenaye unjiniyela wesikhathi esigcwele, awufuni ukukhokhela lo njiniyela osebenzisa i-Kubernetes, futhi uhlala umkhokhela imali eningi ukuze nje uzame, khona-ke ifu lilungile. isixazululo esihle, esihle. Ngoba okungenani kukhona abafana abahlezi lapho umhlinzeki esebaqashile. Futhi bayakwazi abakwenzayo. Futhi lezo zinto eziyisisekelo ozidinga nsuku zonke zikhona.
U-Azat Khadiev: Ucabangani ngesimo samanje saseKubernetes? Kuzokwenzekani kuye eminyakeni emihlanu neyishumi?
UPavel Selivanov: Umbuzo omuhle. Ngiyazi nje ukuthi kwenzekani emphakathini wethu ngalokhu. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ngeke kusale lutho ngaphandle kukaKubernetes. Isimo esenzeka nge-Linux kudala. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-Linux kunabantu abahlala ku-BSD, cishe banemisebenzi eqondile. Kunabantu abasebenza ngaphansi kwamaseva e-Windows - Windows - cishe, banemisebenzi ethile, noma bamane banekhono kule ndaba futhi abakalungeli ukusuka lapho. Kunoma yikuphi, indinganiso ensimini yethu i-Linux. Kunombono wokuthi uKubernetes uzoba yizinga elifanayo le-de facto, futhi ngeke kube khona lutho ngaphandle kukaKubernetes. I-Kubernetes izophatha hhayi kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuthunyelwa kwazo, ukuthunyelwa, nokukala. Ngokuvamile, phatha yonke into. Manje sebevele bebuza: "Kungenzeka yini ukusunduza isizindalwazi ku-Kubernetes?" Ngivame ukusho ukuthi inkinga lapha ayikho ku-Kubernetes, kodwa iku-Docker. Uma usukulungele ukuthi isizindalwazi sakho sisebenze ezitsheni, izosebenza kanje. Bayangiphendula: βCha, cha, cha, linda. Asikho isidingo sezitsha. Udinga amaKubernetes. Sizoyixhumela ku-node. Okusho ukuthi, konke kuzoba njengoba sinakho manje, uKubernetes kuphela ozokuphatha konke. " Futhi lokhu kuwumqondo omuhle ngempela. Okungukuthi, i-Kubernetes iyinto enjalo lapho ungeza enkampanini, uma inkampani ine-Kubernetes nezinqubo ezakhelwe phezu kwayo, khona-ke umuntu oqondayo lokhu - udinga nje ukuyibuka izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze athi: " Ngikulungele ukukweseka. Ngokugcwele. Ngokuphelele. Ngiyayiqonda indlela izinto ezikusebenzela ngayo.β Ngokuphambene nezindlela ezingenayo i-Kubernetes - lapha ezinye izinduku zaxoshwa, lapha ezinye izinduku. Okubalulekile lapha, Terraform lapha. Umuntu ubhale konke lokhu, futhi kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ukukuthola. lapha. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe i-Kubernetes izoba yi-de facto standard, angazi. Namuhla, ubukeka ethanda ukuvelela futhi eqiniseka kakhulu kunezixazululo ezikhona eduze kwakhe.
U-Azat Khadiev: Hhayi-ke, ukuqhathanisa neLinux kunesibindi impela. Isebenza emshinini owodwa - yilokho kuphela. Futhi uKubernetes usebenza emishinini eminingi. Izinguquko eziyisigidi nezizathu zivela ngokushesha. Yebo, inesibindi. Uma nje ucabangela ukuthi kukhona izimbangi kule paradigm. Isibonelo, i-Serverless. Ingabe uKubernetes usengozini nezimbangi ezinjalo?
U-Pavel Selivanov: Kusuka ku-Serverless... (ukuhleka) I-Serverless - sisaqonda ukuthi kukhona amaseva ngemva kwakho konke. Ngisanda kuzwa umbiko ngalolu daba. Lapho umuntu uthe asekhona amaseva - futhi lokhu kuyifu. Kodwa kufanele siqonde njalo ukuthi ifu nalo linamaseva. Kukhona amaseva we-hardware wangempela, i-rack, futhi afakwe endaweni ethile. Ifu leli. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu kukhona i-Serverless, lapho kukhona amaseva "akukho". Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi: ingabe i-Serverless izowina i-Kubernetes? Kimina kubonakala sengathi i-Serverless izothuthela e-Kubernetes. Kubahlinzeki abahlinzeka nge-Serverless, i-Kubernetes iyinkundla elula kakhulu yokuhlinzeka ngalokhu. Yebo, mhlawumbe esikhathini esithile sizoyeka ukukhuluma nge-Kubernetes ngokomthetho, njengokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezicelo zebhizinisi. Kodwa endaweni ethile ekujuleni, abahlinzeki kanye nonjiniyela bazoba ne-Kubernetes, lapho konke lokhu kuzokwenziwa khona.
I-Azat Khadiev: Isihloko esihluke kancane. Kukhona into efana nonjiniyela ogcwele isitaki. Ucabangani ngabo? Ingabe zikhona?
U-Pavel Selivanov: Um ... unjiniyela we-Fullstack ... Hhayi-ke, kubonakala kimi ukuthi kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinto ukuthi ... Uyazi, kukhona into efana ne-T-shaped. Ingabe abantu abanjalo bayadingeka embonini yanamuhla? Yebo, siyakudinga ngempela. Sidinga abantu abanombono obanzi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bangochwepheshe emkhakheni othile omncane. Futhi lapha unjiniyela we-Fullstack uyefana - umuntu owenza yonke into. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-front-end, ukuhlola, i-back-end, amaseva nakho konke okunye. Angikholwa ukuthi enkampanini enkulu umuntu oyedwa angakwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi oluncane kupharamitha ngayinye. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuba nolwazi oluncane nje, njengokuthi kwenzekani kulokhu, angazi lutho - lokhu futhi akusebenzi emhlabeni wanamuhla. Okusho ukuthi, lapha ngizothi... ngizolilahla igama elithi Fullstack. Siyabadinga ngempela onjiniyela. Sidinga ama-DevOps. Nginomuzwa wokuthi sizophinde sicabange ngalo mzuzu maduze. Futhi ngeke badingeke.
U-Azat Khadiev: Ungakwazi ukudalula?
U-Pavel Selivanov: Kubonakala kimi ukuthi thina embonini sizofika esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zindima ze-Dev ne-Ops zizonyamalala maduze. Uma sidinga ochwepheshe futhi sizingela... Sidinga umthuthukisi onjalo nonjalo, sidinga abalawuli abanjalo nabanjalo, sidinga onjiniyela be-DevOps - manje sesinabo, manje sizophinde sibe nonjiniyela bokukhiqiza, onjiniyela be-SRE. Nakuba eqinisweni, esikudingayo onjiniyela esifuna ukubaqasha. Ingemuva alibalulekile kangako. Ngoba... Isibonelo, i-SRE ithi izinkinga zengqalasizinda zihlezi ziyizinkinga zesofthiwe. Ngakho... Ake sithathe abathuthukisi - ngokombono wokuthi umthuthukisi ungunjiniyela - sibabeke emnyangweni wezokulungisa futhi bazoxazulula lezi zinkinga ngendlela efanayo njengoba bexazulula izinkinga zebhizinisi ngosizo lwekhodi, ngosizo. yobunjiniyela kanjalo.
U-Azat Khadiev: Futhi kusukela kulo mbono ... Indlela yokuxoxisana nonjiniyela abanjalo?
UPavel Selivanov: O, umbuzo omuhle. Cishe usengaphezu kwalokho engikuqondayo kule mpilo. Kodwa ngizokwenza nje isibonelo. Ayihlangene nenhlolokhono. Lokhu kumayelana nohlelo lwethu lwezemfundo eRussia. Ku-IT, siyazi ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwemfundo eRussia luphelelwe yisikhathi emhlabeni we-IT, akuyona into okufanele lube yiyo. Ngikhuluma ngokwesilinganiso ngeRussia enkulu - nokuthi kwenzekani lapho. Abantu bayathweswa iziqu abangakakulungeli neze ukungena ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu noma inkampani yezobuchwepheshe ngakusasa ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu. Futhi kubi. Sibafundisa izinto ezingavamile, nakuba kufanele sibafundise ukuthi bathuthukela kanjani i-Android, i-iOS, indlela yokusebenzisa i-Git nazo zonke lezi zinto. Eqinisweni, kubonakala sengathi akunjalo. Ikolishi yisikhathi lapho abazali bakho bekukhokhela kakhulu. Impilo yakho yonke. Futhi unganikela iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila kwakho ukuze ufunde ngokujulile. Futhi funda konke lokhu okumise okwe-T. Lapho ungafunda esikhungweni ukuthi luyini uhlelo lokulawula inguqulo, yimaphi amaphethini okuthuthukiswa akhona, indlela yokuhlola yonke into, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zolwazi kanye nezilinganisi ezikhona. Futhi lapho uya emsebenzini, uqala ukujula endaweni ethile. Futhi yile ndlela esibathola ngayo onjiniyela. Futhi uhlelo lwethu lwemfundo eRussia lusondele kakhulu kuleli qiniso kunalokho esikucabangayo. Sinikezwa ukuqeqeshwa okuhle kwezibalo, sinikezwa ukuqeqeshwa okuhle kwe-algorithmic, sinikezwa ukuqonda okuthile kwezilimi zokuhlela. Futhi mayelana nenhlolokhono, kimi kubonakala sengathi kukhona okusondelene nalokhu. Sidinga ukuxoxisana nonjiniyela. Sidinga ingaphezulu lika-T lokumise okwe-T. Ngoba izothola umugqa oqondile wohlamvu T.
U-Azat Khadiev: Yebo, kuyathakazelisa. Eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokufunda ekolishi, kimi kwabonakala sengathi imfundo yami yayixakile futhi ayanele. Kwathi lapho umsebenzi uqhubeka, lapho imisebenzi ijula, amaphrojekthi akhula, ngabona ukuthi cha, ngafundiswa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Pavel, ngiyabonga. Bekujabulisa kakhulu ukulalela izimpendulo zakho. Asilalele umbiko wakho.
UPavel Selivanov: Ngiyabonga.
Source: www.habr.com