Ibhizinisi le-Quantum Communications lidala amasistimu okhiye wokusabalalisa okubethela. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukungenakwenzeka "kwe-wiretapping".
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Kungani kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi e-quantum?
Idatha ibhekwa njengevikelekile uma isikhathi sayo sokukhishwa kwemfihlo sidlula kakhulu "idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi." Namuhla, kuba nzima kakhulu ukufeza lesi simo - lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwama-supercomputers. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iqoqo lamakhompiyutha angama-80 ePentium 4 "asebenza kahle" () Ukubethela kwe-RSA okungu-1024-bit ngamahora angu-104 nje.
Ku-supercomputer, lesi sikhathi sizoba sifushane kakhulu, kodwa esinye sezixazululo zenkinga kungaba "i-cipher eqine ngokuphelele," umqondo wawo owahlongozwa u-Shannon. Kulezi zinhlelo, okhiye benziwa kumlayezo ngamunye, okwandisa ubungozi bokungena.
Lapha, uhlobo olusha lolayini wokuxhumana luzosiza - amanethiwekhi we-quantum adlulisa idatha (okhiye be-cryptographic) esebenzisa ama-photons angawodwa. Uma uzama ukubamba isignali, lawa ma-photon ayabhujiswa, okusebenza njengophawu lokungena esiteshini. Uhlelo olunjalo lokudluliswa kwedatha lwenziwa ibhizinisi elincane elisungula izinto ezintsha eNyuvesi yase-ITMO - I-Quantum Communications. Kulezi zinqola kukhona u-Arthur Gleim, inhloko ye-Quantum Information Laboratory, no-Sergei Kozlov, umqondisi we-International Institute of Photonics and Optoinformatics.
Indlela ubuchwepheshe busebenza ngayo
Isekelwe endleleni yokuxhumana kwe-quantum kumafrikhwensi aseceleni. Okuhlukile kwayo ukuthi ama-photon angawodwa awakhishwa ngokuqondile ngumthombo. Ayiswa kumafrikhwensi aseceleni ngenxa yokushintshwa kwesigaba kwama-pulses akudala. Isikhawu phakathi kwefrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi nama-subfrequencies cishe ngu-10-20 pm. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi usakaze isignali ye-quantum ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-200 ngesivinini esingu-400 Mbit / s.
Isebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-laser ekhethekile ikhiqiza i-pulse ene-wavelength engu-1550 nm futhi iyithumele ku-modulator yesigaba se-electro-optical. Ngemva kokushintshashintsha, kuvela amaza amabili aseceleni ahluka kusiphathi ngenani lesignali yomsakazo eshintshayo.
Okulandelayo, kusetshenziswa amashifu esigaba, isignali ibhalwa kancane kancane futhi idluliselwe ohlangothini lokwamukela. Uma ifika kumamukeli, isihlungi se-spectral sikhipha isignali yebhande eseceleni (sisebenzisa umtshina we-photon), siphinde sishintshe isigaba, futhi sisuse ukubethela kwedatha.
Ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kusungulwe uxhumano oluvikelekile lushintshaniswa ngesiteshi esivuliwe. Ukhiye "oluhlaza" ukhiqizwa kanyekanye kumamojula okudlulisa nokwamukela. Izinga lephutha libalelwa kulo, elibonisa ukuthi kube khona umzamo wokuthepha ngentambo inethiwekhi. Uma konke kuhlelekile, khona-ke amaphutha ayalungiswa, futhi ukhiye oyimfihlo we-cryptographic ukhiqizwa kumamojula okudlulisa nokwamukela.
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Okusamele kwenziwe
Naphezu "kokungafinyeleleki" kwethiyori kwamanethiwekhi we-quantum, okwamanje awanikezi ukuvikelwa okuphelele kwe-cryptographic. Izisetshenziswa zinomthelela onamandla kwezokuphepha. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iqembu lonjiniyela abavela eNyuvesi yase-Waterloo bathola ubungozi obungavumela idatha ukuthi ibanjwe kunethiwekhi ye-quantum. Kwakuhlotshaniswa nethuba "lokuphuphuthekisa" i-photodetector. Uma ukhanyisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo kumtshina, uyagcwala bese uyayeka ukubhalisa ama-photon. Bese, ngokushintsha ukushuba kokukhanya, ungakwazi ukulawula inzwa futhi ukhohlise uhlelo.
Ukuxazulula le nkinga, imigomo yokusebenza kwabamukeli kuzodingeka ishintshwe. Selukhona uhlelo lwemishini evikelekile olungazweli lapho kuhlaselwa imitshina - le mitshina ayifakiwe nje kuyo. Kodwa izixazululo ezinjalo zandisa izindleko zokuqalisa izinhlelo ze-quantum futhi azikakadluli elabhorethri.
βIthimba lethu nalo lisebenza ngale ndlela. Sisebenzisana nochwepheshe baseCanada namanye amaqembu angaphandle kanye nesiRashiya. Uma sikwazi ukuvala ubungozi ezingeni le-hardware, khona-ke amanethiwekhi e-quantum azosabalala futhi azoba inkundla yokuhlola ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha,β kusho u-Arthur Gleim.
Amathemba
Ziyanda izinkampani zasekhaya ezikhombisa intshisekelo kuzixazululo ze-quantum. I-Quantum Communications LLC kuphela enikeza amakhasimende amasistimu okudlulisa idatha amahlanu minyaka yonke. Isethi eyodwa yemishini, kuye ngobubanzi (kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-200 km), ibiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-10-12. Intengo iqhathaniswa nama-analogue angaphandle anemingcele yokusebenza enesizotha.
Kulo nyaka, i-Quantum Communications ithole ukutshalwa kwezimali ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi eziyikhulu. Le mali izosiza inkampani ukuletha umkhiqizo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Abanye babo bazoya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle. Ikakhulukazi, ukudalwa kwezinhlelo zokulawula i-quantum zezikhungo zedatha ezisabalalisiwe. Ithimba lithembele kumasistimu amamojula angahlanganiswa nengqalasizinda ekhona ye-IT.
Amasistimu wokudluliswa kwedatha ye-Quantum azoba yisisekelo sohlobo olusha lwengqalasizinda esikhathini esizayo. Amanethiwekhi e-SDN azovela asebenzisa amasistimu wokusabalalisa ukhiye we-quantum abhangqwe nokubethela okuvamile ukuvikela idatha.
I-cryptography yezibalo izoqhubeka isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ulwazi ngesikhathi sobumfihlo esilinganiselwe, futhi izindlela ze-quantum zizothola i-niche yazo ezindaweni lapho kudingeka khona ukuvikelwa kwedatha okuqinile.
Kubhulogi yethu ku-HabrΓ©:
Source: www.habr.com