Ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisipele olusebenza kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Veeam Agent ye-Linux isebenza ekusabalaliseni kusuka ku-Red Hat 6 naku-Debian 6, kuya ku-OpenSUSE 15.1 naku-Ubuntu 19.04, kufanele uxazulule izinkinga eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi umkhiqizo wesofthiwe uhlanganisa imojuli ye-kernel.
I-athikili idalwe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezivela enkulumweni engqungqutheleni .
I-Linux akuyona nje enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidume kakhulu. Empeleni, lena inkundla lapho ungenza khona okuthile okuhlukile, okuthile okungokwakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Linux inokusabalalisa okuningi okuhlukile kusethi yezingxenye zesofthiwe. Futhi lapha kuphakama inkinga: ukuze umkhiqizo wesofthiwe usebenze kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa, kufanele ucabangele izici zomunye nomunye.
Abaphathi bephakheji. .deb vs .rpm
Ake siqale ngenkinga esobala yokusabalalisa umkhiqizo ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokusabalalisa imikhiqizo yesofthiwe ukubeka iphakheji endaweni yokugcina ukuze umphathi wephakheji eyakhelwe ohlelweni akwazi ukuyifaka kusukela lapho.
Kodwa-ke, sinamafomethi amabili ephakheji adumile: ngomzuzu ΠΈ i-deb. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu kuzomele asekele.
Emhlabeni wamaphakheji we-deb, izinga lokuhambisana liyamangalisa. Iphakheji efanayo ifaka futhi isebenza kahle ngokulinganayo kukho kokubili i-Debian 6 ne-Ubuntu 19.04. Amazinga enqubo yokwakha amaphakheji nokusebenza nawo, abekwe phansi ekusatshalalisweni kwakudala kwe-Debian, ahlala efanelekile ku-Linux Mint entsha kanye ne-OS yokuqala. Ngakho-ke, esimweni se-Veeam Agent ye-Linux, iphakethe ledeb elilodwa lepulatifomu ngayinye yehadiwe lanele.
Kodwa emhlabeni wamaphakheji we-rpm, umehluko mkhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona abasabalalisi ababili abazimele ngokuphelele, i-Red Hat ne-SUSE, ukuhambisana okungadingekile ngokuphelele. Okwesibili, laba basabalalisi banamakhithi okusabalalisa asuka kulabo. ukwesekwa nokuhlola. Asikho isidingo sokuhambisana phakathi kwabo futhi. Kuvele ukuthi i-el6, i-el7 ne-el8 banamaphakheji abo. Iphakheji ehlukile ye-Fedora. Amaphakheji we-SLES11 ne-12 kanye nelinye elihlukile le-openSUSE. Inkinga enkulu ukuncika namagama wephakheji.
Inkinga yokuncika
Ngeshwa, amaphakheji afanayo ngokuvamile agcina ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene ekusabalaliseni okuhlukene. Ngezansi kunohlu oluyingxenye yokuncika kwephakheji ye-veeam.
Okwe-EL7:
Nge-SLES 12:
- libblkid
- libgcc
- libstdc++
- ama-ncurses-libs
- fuse-libs
- ifayela-libs
- veeamsnap=3.0.2.1185
- libblkid1
- libgcc_s1
- libstdc++6
- libmagic1
- libfuse2
- I-veeamsnap-kmp=3.0.2.1185
Njengomphumela, uhlu lokuncika luhlukile ekusabalaliseni.
Okuba kubi kakhulu yilapho inguqulo ebuyekeziwe iqala ukucasha ngaphansi kwegama lephakheji elidala.
Isibonelo:
Iphakheji ibuyekeziwe ku-Fedora 24 iziqalekiso kusukela kunguqulo 5 ukuya kunguqulo 6. Umkhiqizo wethu wakhiwe ngenguqulo 5 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nokusabalalisa okudala. Ukuze ngisebenzise inguqulo yesi-5 endala yelabhulali ku-Fedora 24, kwadingeka ngisebenzise iphakheji ama-ncurses-compat-libs.
Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona amaphakheji amabili e-Fedora, anokuncika okuhlukile.
Okunye okuthokozisayo. Ngemuva kwesibuyekezo esilandelayo sokusabalalisa, iphakheji ama-ncurses-compat-libs ngenguqulo yesi-5 yelabhulali kuvele ukuthi ayitholakali. Kuyabiza ukuthi umsabalalisi ahudule imitapo yolwazi emidala enguqulweni entsha yokusabalalisa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, inkinga yaziphinda ekusabalaliseni kwe-SUSE.
Ngenxa yalokho, okunye ukusatshalaliswa kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kuyeke ukuncika okusobala kukho ama-ncurses-libs, futhi ulungise umkhiqizo ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nanoma iyiphi inguqulo yelabhulali.
Ngendlela, kunguqulo 8 ye-Red Hat ayisekho iphakheji ye-meta i-python, okwakubhekiselwa kwabadala abalungile i-python 2.7. Kukhona i-python2 ΠΈ i-python3.
Okunye kubaphathi bephakheji
Inkinga yokuncika indala futhi kade yabonakala. Khumbula nje isihogo seDependency.
Ukuhlanganisa imitapo yolwazi ehlukahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze zonke zisebenze ngokuzinzile futhi zingangqubuzani - empeleni, lona umsebenzi noma yimuphi umsabalalisi we-Linux azama ukuwuxazulula.
Umphathi wephakheji uzama ukuxazulula le nkinga ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Isidlakela kusukela kuCanonical. Umbono oyinhloko: uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kubhokisi lesihlabathi elihlukaniswe futhi livikelwe ohlelweni oluyinhloko. Uma isicelo sidinga amalabhulali, ahlinzekwa nohlelo ngokwalo.
I-Flatpak futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza kubhokisi lesihlabathi usebenzisa Iziqukathi ze-Linux. Umqondo we-sandbox nawo uyasetshenziswa I-AppImage.
Lezi zixazululo zikuvumela ukuthi udale iphakheji elilodwa lanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa. Uma kwenzeka I-Flatpak ukufakwa nokwethulwa kohlelo lokusebenza kungenzeka ngaphandle kolwazi lomlawuli.
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenza kubhokisi lesihlabathi. Abanye abantu badinga ukufinyelela okuqondile endaweni yesikhulumi. Angikhulumi ngisho ngamamojula we-kernel, ancike ngokuqinile ku-kernel futhi angangeni emcabangweni we-sandbox.
Inkinga yesibili ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa okudumile endaweni yebhizinisi kusuka kuRed Hat kanye ne-SUSE akukaqukathi ukwesekwa kwe-Snappy neFlatpak.
Mayelana nalokhu, i-Veeam Agent ye-Linux ayitholakali lutho neze .
Ukuphetha umbuzo mayelana nabaphathi bamaphakheji, ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona inketho yokulahla abaphathi bephakheji ngokuphelele ngokuhlanganisa amafayela kanambambili kanye neskripthi sokuwafaka ephaketheni elilodwa.
Inqwaba enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi udale iphakethe elilodwa elijwayelekile lokusatshalaliswa okuhlukahlukene namapulatifomu, wenze inqubo yokufaka esebenzayo, wenze ngokwezifiso ezidingekayo. Ngihlangabezane kuphela namaphakheji anjalo e-Linux avela ku-VMware.
Buyekeza inkinga
Ngisho noma zonke izinkinga zokuncika zixazululiwe, uhlelo lungase lusebenze ngendlela ehlukile ekusabalaliseni okufanayo. Imayelana nezibuyekezo.
Kunamasu okubuyekeza ama-3:
- Okulula kakhulu ukungalokothi ubuyekeze. Ngamisa iseva futhi ngakhohlwa ngakho. Kungani ubuyekeze uma konke kusebenza? Izinkinga ziqala lapho uqala ukuxhumana nosekelo. Umdali wokusabalalisa usekela kuphela ukukhishwa okubuyekeziwe.
- Ungathemba umsabalalisi futhi usethe izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo. Kulokhu, ucingo lokusekela kungenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kwesibuyekezo esingaphumelelanga.
- Inketho yokuvuselela okwenziwa ngesandla kuphela ngemva kokuyiqhuba kungqalasizinda yokuhlola iyona ethembeke kakhulu, kodwa ebiza kakhulu futhi edla isikhathi. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukuyikhokhela.
Njengoba abasebenzisi abahlukene basebenzisa amasu ahlukene okubuyekeza, kuyadingeka ukusekela kokubili ukukhishwa kwakamuva kanye nakho konke okukhishwe ngaphambilini. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubo yokuhlola futhi kwengeza ubuhlungu bekhanda ethimbeni labasekeli.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinkundla zehadiwe
Izingxenyekazi zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihlukene ziyinkinga eqondene kakhulu nekhodi yomdabu. Okungenani, kufanele uqoqe okuhamba ngakubili kungxenyekazi ngayinye esekelwayo.
Kuphrojekthi ye-Veeam Agent ye-Linux, asikakwazi ukusekela noma yini efana nale RISC.
Ngeke ngigxile kakhulu kulolu daba. Ngizochaza kuphela izinkinga eziyinhloko: izinhlobo ezincike endaweni, njenge size_t, ukuqondanisa kwesakhiwo nokuhleleka kwebhayithi.
Ukuxhumanisa okumile kanye/noma okuguquguqukayo
Kodwa umbuzo uthi "Ungaxhuma kanjani nemitapo yolwazi - ngokuguqukayo noma ngokwezibalo?" kufanelekile ukuxoxa.
Njengomthetho, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-C/C++ ngaphansi kwe-Linux zisebenzisa ukuxhumanisa okuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kusebenza kahle uma uhlelo lokusebenza lwakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukusatshalaliswa okuthile.
Uma umsebenzi uwukumboza ukusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene ngefayela elilodwa kanambambili, kuzomele ugxile ekusabalaliseni okudala okusekelwayo. Kithina, lena yiRed Hat 6. Iqukethe i-gcc 4.4, engasekeli ngisho ne-C++11 standard. .
Sakha iphrojekthi yethu sisebenzisa i-gcc 6.3, esekela ngokugcwele i-C++14. Ngokwemvelo, kulesi simo, ku-Red Hat 6 kufanele uphathe i-libstdc++ futhi uthuthukise imitapo yolwazi nawe. Indlela elula ukuxhuma kubo ngokwezibalo.
Kodwa maye, akuyona yonke imitapo yolwazi engaxhunywa ngokwezibalo.
Okokuqala, imitapo yolwazi yesistimu njenge libfuse, libblkid kuyadingeka ukuxhumanisa ngamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwawo ne-kernel namamojula ayo.
Okwesibili, kukhona ubuqili ngamalayisensi.
Ilayisensi ye-GPL ngokuyisisekelo ikuvumela ukuthi uxhumanise imitapo yolwazi kuphela ngekhodi yomthombo ovulekile. I-MIT ne-BSD ivumela ukuxhumanisa okumile futhi ivumela imitapo yolwazi ukuthi ifakwe kuphrojekthi. Kodwa i-LGPL ayibonakali iphikisana nokuxhumanisa okumile, kodwa idinga ukuthi amafayela adingekayo ukuze kuxhunywe kwabelwane ngawo.
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenzisa ukuxhumanisa okuguquguqukayo kuzokuvimbela ukuthi unikeze noma yini.
Ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-C/C++
Ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-C/C++ zezingxenyekazi ezihlukene nokusabalalisa, kwanele ukukhetha noma ukwakha inguqulo efanelekile ye-gcc nokusebenzisa ama-cross-compilers ezakhiwo ezithile futhi uhlanganise lonke iqoqo lemitapo yolwazi. Lo msebenzi ungenzeka, kodwa unzima kakhulu. Futhi asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi umhlanganisi okhethiwe kanye nemitapo yolwazi izohlinzeka ngenguqulo esebenzayo.
Inzuzo esobala: ingqalasizinda yenziwe lula kakhulu, ngoba yonke inqubo yokwakha ingaqedwa emshinini owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwanele ukuqoqa isethi eyodwa yamabhinari wokwakha okukodwa futhi ungawafaka emaphaketheni wokusabalalisa okuhlukene. Lena yindlela amaphakheji e-veeam akhelwa ngayo i-Veeam Agent ye-Linux.
Ngokuphambene nalolu khetho, ungavele ulungiselele ipulazi lokwakha, okungukuthi, imishini eminingana yokuhlanganisa. Umshini ngamunye onjalo uzohlinzeka ngokuhlanganiswa kwesicelo kanye nomhlangano wephakheji wokusabalalisa okuthile kanye nesakhiwo esithile. Kulokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilungiselelwe umsabalalisi. Okusho ukuthi, isigaba sokulungiselela umhlanganisi nokukhetha imitapo yolwazi siyasuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokwakha ingafana kalula.
Nokho, kukhona okubi kule ndlela: ekusakazeni ngakunye ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esifanayo, kuzodingeka uqoqe isethi yakho yamafayela kanambambili. Okunye okungalungile ukuthi inombolo enkulu kangaka yemishini idinga ukugcinwa futhi inani elikhulu lesikhala sediski kanye ne-RAM kufanele kwabiwe.
Lena yindlela amaphakheji e-KMOD emojula ye-veeamsnap kernel ahlanganiswa ngayo ukuze kusatshalaliswe i-Red Hat.
Vula Isevisi Yokwakha
Ozakwethu abavela ku-SUSE bazame ukusebenzisa indawo emaphakathi ngendlela yenkonzo ekhethekile yokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nokuhlanganisa amaphakheji - .
Ngokuyinhloko, i-hypervisor eyenza umshini we-virtual, ifake wonke amaphakheji adingekayo kuwo, ihlanganise uhlelo lokusebenza futhi yakha iphakheji kule ndawo engayodwa, ngemva kwalokho umshini we-virtual ukhishwe.
Isihleli esisetshenziswe ku-OpenBuildService sizonquma ukuthi mingaki imishini ebonakalayo engayethula ngesivinini esilungile sokwakha iphakheji. Indlela yokusayina eyakhelwe ngaphakathi izosayina amaphakheji futhi iwalayishe endaweni yokugcina eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Isistimu yokulawula inguqulo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi izolondoloza umlando wezinguquko nokwakhiwa. Okusele nje ukungeza imithombo yakho kulolu hlelo. Awudingi ngisho nokusetha iseva ngokwakho; ungasebenzisa evuliwe.
Nokho, kukhona inkinga: isivuni esinjalo sinzima ukungena kungqalasizinda ekhona. Isibonelo, ukulawula inguqulo akudingekile; sesivele sinawo owethu amakhodi omthombo. Indlela yethu yesiginesha ihlukile: sisebenzisa iseva ekhethekile. Inqolobane nayo ayidingeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa kokunye ukusatshalaliswa - ngokwesibonelo, i-Red Hat - kusetshenziswa kabi, okuqondakalayo.
Inzuzo yesevisi enjalo ukusekelwa okusheshayo kwenguqulo elandelayo yokusabalalisa kwe-SUSE. Ngaphambi kwesimemezelo esisemthethweni sokukhishwa, amaphakheji adingekayo ukuze ahlanganiswe athunyelwe endaweni yokugcina umphakathi. Entsha ivela ohlwini lokusatshalaliswa okutholakalayo ku-OpenBuildService. Sihlola ibhokisi futhi yengezwe ohlelweni lokwakha. Ngakho, ukwengeza inguqulo entsha yokusabalalisa kwenziwa cishe ngokuchofoza okukodwa.
Kungqalasizinda yethu, sisebenzisa i-OpenBuildService, lonke uhlobo lwamaphakheji e-KMP emojula ye-veeamsnap kernel yokusabalalisa kwe-SUSE kuyahlanganiswa.
Okulandelayo, ngithanda ukuhlala ezindabeni eziqondene namamojula we-kernel.
i-kernel ABI
Amamojula e-Linux kernel ngokomlando asatshalaliswa ngendlela yomthombo. Iqiniso liwukuthi abadali be-kernel abazithwali umthwalo ngokukhathazeka ngokusekela i-API ezinzile yamamojula we-kernel, futhi ikakhulukazi ezingeni kanambambili, okubizwa nangokuthi i-kABI.
Ukwakha imojula ye-vanilla kernel, nakanjani udinga izihloko zale kernel ethile, futhi izosebenza kuphela kule kernel.
I-DKMS ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokwakha amamojula lapho ubuyekeza i-kernel. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzisi benqolobane ye-Debian (kanye nezihlobo zayo eziningi) basebenzisa amamojula e-kernel kusuka endaweni yokugcina yokusabalalisa noma ahlanganiswe emthonjeni kusetshenziswa i-DKMS.
Nokho, lesi simo asihambisani ikakhulukazi nengxenye ye-Enterprise. Abasabalalisi bekhodi yokuphathelene bafuna ukusabalalisa umkhiqizo njengamabhambambili ahlanganisiwe.
Abalawuli abafuni ukugcina amathuluzi okuthuthukisa kumaseva okukhiqiza ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Abasabalalisi be-Enterprise Linux njengeRed Hat ne-SUSE banqume ukuthi bangakwazi ukusekela i-kABI ezinzile kubasebenzisi babo. Umphumela waba amaphakheji e-KMOD e-Red Hat namaphakheji e-KMP e-SUSE.
Ingqikithi yalesi sixazululo ilula kakhulu. Ngenguqulo ethile yokusabalalisa, i-kernel API ifriziwe. Umsabalalisi uthi usebenzisa i-kernel, isibonelo, i-3.10, futhi wenza izilungiso kuphela nokuthuthukiswa okungathinti ukuxhumana kwe-kernel, futhi amamojula aqoqwe ku-kernel yokuqala angasetshenziswa kuwo wonke alandelayo ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa.
I-Red Hat ifuna ukuhambisana kwe-kABI ukuze isatshalaliswe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Okusho ukuthi, imojula ehlanganisiwe ye-rhel 6.0 (ekhishwe ngoNovemba 2010) kufanele futhi isebenze kunguqulo 6.10 (ekhishwe ngoJuni 2018). Futhi lokhu cishe iminyaka engu-8. Ngokwemvelo, lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu.
Sirekhode izikhathi ezimbalwa lapho imojuli ye-veeamsnap iyeke ukusebenza ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhambisana ne-kABI.
Ngemuva kokuthi imojula ye-veeamsnap, ehlanganiselwe i-RHEL 7.0, kuvele ukuthi ayihambisani ne-kernel evela ku-RHEL 7.5, kodwa yalayisha futhi yaqinisekiswa ukuthi izophahlazeka iseva, sikuyekile ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kokuhambisana kwe-kABI kwe-RHEL 7.
Okwamanje, iphakheji ye-KMOD ye-RHEL 7 iqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwenguqulo ngayinye yokukhishwa kanye nombhalo olayisha imojuli.
U-SUSE wasondela emsebenzini wokuhambisana kwe-kABI ngokucophelela. Bahlinzeka ngokuhambisana kwe-kABI kuphela ngaphakathi kwephakethe elilodwa lesevisi.
Isibonelo, ukukhululwa kwe-SLES 12 kwenzeka ngo-September 2014. Futhi i-SLES 12 SP1 yayisivele ngo-December 2015, okungukuthi, isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka sesidlulile. Noma kokubili ukukhishwa kusebenzisa i-3.12 kernel, akuhambisani ne-kABI. Ngokusobala, ukugcina ukuhambisana kwe-kABI unyaka nje kulula kakhulu. Umjikelezo wonyaka wokubuyekezwa kwemojuli ye-kernel akufanele ubangele izinkinga kubadali bamamojula.
Njengomphumela wale nqubomgomo ye-SUSE, asibhalanga inkinga eyodwa ngokuhambisana kwe-kABI kumojula yethu ye-veeamsnap. Yiqiniso, inani lamaphakheji we-SUSE licishe libe i-oda lobukhulu obukhulu.
Iziqephu nama-backports
Nakuba abasabalalisi bezama ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-kABI nokuzinza kwe-kernel, baphinde bazame ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuqeda amaphutha ale kernel ezinzile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphezu "komsebenzi wabo emaphutheni," abathuthukisi bebhizinisi le-Linux kernel baqapha izinguquko ku-vanilla kernel futhi bazidlulisele kweyabo "ezinzile".
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuholela emisha .
Ekukhishweni kwakamuva kwe-Red Hat 6, kwenzeke iphutha kwesinye sezibuyekezo ezincane. Kuholele ekutheni imojuli ye-veeamsnap iqinisekiswe ukuthi izophahlazeka isistimu lapho kukhishwa isifinyezo. Ngemva kokuqhathanisa imithombo ye-kernel ngaphambi nangemva kwesibuyekezo, sithole ukuthi i-backport yayinecala. Ukulungiswa okufanayo kwenziwa kunguqulo ye-vanilla kernel 4.19. Ukuthi nje lokhu kulungiswa kusebenze kahle ku-vanilla kernel, kodwa lapho kuyidlulisela "esitebeleni" esingu-2.6.32, kwavela inkinga nge-spinlock.
Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uhlala enamaphutha, kodwa bekufanele yini ukuhudula ikhodi kusuka ku-4.19 kuya ku-2.6.32, ukubeka engozini ukuzinza?.. Angiqiniseki...
Okubi kakhulu lapho ukumaketha kuhileleka ekudonseni impi phakathi βkokuzinzaβ kanye βnesimanjemanjeβ. Umnyango wokumaketha udinga umnyombo wokusabalalisa okubuyekeziwe ukuze uzinze, ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ube ngcono ekusebenzeni futhi ube nezici ezintsha. Lokhu kuholela ekuvumelaneni okungajwayelekile.
Lapho ngizama ukwakha imojula ku-kernel 4.4 kusuka ku-SLES 12 SP3, ngamangala ukuthola ukusebenza ku-vanilla 4.8 kuyo. Ngokubona kwami, ukuqaliswa kwe-block I/O kwe-4.4 kernel kusuka ku-SLES 12 SP3 kufana kakhulu ne-4.8 kernel kunokukhishwa kwangaphambilini kwe-4.4 kernel ezinzile kusuka ku-SLES12 SP2. Angikwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti lekhodi elidluliselwe kusuka ku-kernel 4.8 kuya ku-SLES 4.4 ku-SP3, kodwa angikwazi ngisho nokubiza i-kernel ngesitebele esifanayo esingu-4.4.
Okungajabulisi kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi lapho ubhala imojuli engasebenza kahle ngokulinganayo kumakernel ahlukene, awusakwazi ukuthembela enguqulweni ye-kernel. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukusatshalaliswa. Kuhle ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukuzibandakanya encazelweni evela kanye nokusebenza okusha, kodwa leli thuba alihlali livela.
Ngenxa yalokho, ikhodi iba yiziqondiso zokuhlanganiswa ezinemibandela ezingajwayelekile.
Kukhona futhi ama-patches ashintsha i-kernel API ebhaliwe.
Ngahlangana nokwabiwa 5.16 futhi kwamangala kakhulu ukubona ukuthi ucingo lwe-lookup_bdev kule nguqulo ye-kernel lushintshe uhlu lwamapharamitha okokufaka.
Ukuyihlanganisa, bekufanele ngengeze iskripthi ku-makefile esihlola ukuthi umsebenzi we-lookup_bdev unawo yini ipharamitha yemaski.
Isayina amamojula e-kernel
Kodwa ake sibuyele endabeni yokusabalalisa iphakheji.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-kABI ezinzile ukuthi amamojula e-kernel angasayinwa njengefayela kanambambili. Kulokhu, umthuthukisi angaqiniseka ukuthi imojuli ayilimalanga ngephutha noma ishintshwe ngamabomu. Ungahlola lokhu ngomyalo we-modinfo.
Ukusabalalisa kwe-Red Hat kanye ne-SUSE kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole isiginesha yemojuli futhi uyilayishe kuphela uma isitifiketi esihambisanayo sibhalisiwe ohlelweni. Isitifiketi siwukhiye osesidlangalaleni okusayinwa ngawo imojuli. Siyisabalalisa njengephakheji ehlukile.
Inkinga lapha ukuthi izitifiketi zingakhelwa ku-kernel (abasabalalisi bayazisebenzisa) noma kufanele zibhalelwe imemori engaguquki ye-EFI kusetshenziswa insiza. mokutil. Isisetshenziswa mokutil Uma ufaka isitifiketi, sidinga ukuthi uqalise kabusha isistimu futhi, nangaphambi kokulayisha i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza, itshela umlawuli ukuthi avumele ukulayishwa kwesitifiketi esisha.
Ngakho, ukwengeza isitifiketi kudinga ukufinyelela komlawuli ophathekayo ohlelweni. Uma umshini utholakala ndawana thize efwini noma umane usegumbini leseva elikude futhi ukufinyelela kungenethiwekhi kuphela (isibonelo, nge-ssh), khona-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukwengeza isitifiketi.
I-EFI emishinini ebonakalayo
Naphezu kokuthi i-EFI sekuyisikhathi eside isekelwa cishe yibo bonke abakhiqizi be-motherboard, lapho ufaka uhlelo, umlawuli angase angacabangi ngesidingo se-EFI, futhi angase akhutshazwe.
Akuwona wonke ama-hypervisors asekela i-EFI. I-VMWare vSphere isekela i-EFI kusukela kunguqulo 5.
IMicrosoft Hyper-V iphinde yathola ukwesekwa kwe-EFI eqala ngeHyper-V yeWindows Server 2012R2.
Nokho, ekucushweni okuzenzakalelayo lokhu kusebenza kukhutshaziwe emishinini ye-Linux, okusho ukuthi isitifiketi asikwazi ukufakwa.
Ku-vSphere 6.5, setha inketho I-Boot evikelekile kungenzeka kuphela enguqulweni yakudala yesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu, esisebenza nge-Flash. I-Web UI ku-HTML-5 isemuva kakhulu.
Ukusabalalisa kokuhlola
Futhi ekugcineni, ake sicabangele udaba lokusatshalaliswa kokuhlola nokusabalalisa ngaphandle kokusekelwa okusemthethweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusabalalisa okunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale kumaseva ezinhlangano ezibucayi. Akukho ukusekelwa okusemthethweni kokusatshalaliswa okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, nikeza labo. Umkhiqizo awukwazi ukusekelwa ekusabalaliseni okunjalo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusabalalisa okunjalo kuba inkundla elula yokuzama izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlola. Isibonelo, i-Fedora, i-OpenSUSE Tumbleweed noma izinguqulo ezingazinzile ze-Debian. Azinzile impela. Bahlala benezinguqulo ezintsha zezinhlelo futhi njalo i-kernel entsha. Onyakeni, lokhu kusebenza kokuhlola kungase kugcine ku-RHEL, SLES noma Ubuntu obuyekeziwe.
Ngakho-ke uma okuthile kungasebenzi ekusabalaliseni kokuhlola, lesi yisizathu sokuthola inkinga futhi uyixazulule. Udinga ukulungiselela iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kusebenza kuzovela maduze kumaseva wokukhiqiza wabasebenzisi.
Ungafunda uhlu lwamanje lokusabalalisa okusekelwa ngokusemthethweni kwenguqulo 3.0 . Kodwa uhlu lwangempela lokusabalalisa lapho umkhiqizo wethu ungasebenza khona lubanzi kakhulu.
Ngokwami, nganginentshisekelo ekuhlolweni kwe-Elbrus OS. Ngemva kokuphothula iphakheji ye-veeam, umkhiqizo wethu wafakwa futhi wasebenza. Ngabhala ngalokhu kuhlolwa ku-HabrΓ© in .
Nokho, ukusekelwa kokusatshalaliswa okusha kuyaqhubeka. Silindele ukuthi kukhishwe inguqulo 4.0. I-Beta isizovela, ngakho hlala ubhekile !
Source: www.habr.com