Namuhla, cishe wonke umuntu unefoni ephaketheni lakhe (i-smartphone, ifoni yekhamera, ithebhulethi) engakwazi ukudlula ideskithophu yakho yasekhaya, ongazange uyibuyekeze iminyaka eminingana, ngokusebenza. Yonke igajethi onayo inebhethri le-lithium polymer. Manje umbuzo uwukuthi: yimuphi umfundi ozokhumbula kahle lapho uguquko olungaguquki olusuka "kokudayila" luye kumadivayisi asebenzayo lwenzeka?
Kunzima ... Kufanele ucindezele inkumbulo yakho, khumbula unyaka owathenga ngayo ifoni yakho yokuqala "ehlakaniphile". Kimina cishe 2008-2010. Ngaleso sikhathi, umthamo webhethri le-lithium ocingweni olujwayelekile wawungama-700 mAh; manje amandla ebhethri efoni afinyelela ku-4 XNUMX mAh.
Ukwanda komthamo izikhathi ezingu-6, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, cishe, ubukhulu bebhethri bukhuphuke izikhathi ezi-2 kuphela.
Njengathi , izixazululo ze-lithium-ion ze-UPS zinqoba imakethe ngokushesha, zinezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa futhi (ikakhulukazi ekamelweni leseva).
Bangane, namuhla sizozama ukuqonda futhi siqhathanise izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-iron-lithium phosphate (LFP) kanye nebhethri ye-lithium-manganese (LMO), sifunde izinzuzo nezinkinga zabo, futhi siqhathanise omunye nomunye ngokuvumelana nenani lezinkomba ezithile. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zamabhethri zingamabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-lithium-polymer, kodwa ahluke ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali. Uma unentshisekelo yokuqhubeka, sicela, ngaphansi kwekati.
Amathemba obuchwepheshe be-lithium ekugcinweni kwamandla
Isimo samanje eRussian Federation ngo-2017 saba kanje.
Kusetshenziswa umthombo: βUmqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi e-Russian Federation,β Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, Agasti 21, 2017.
Njengoba ubona, ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion ngaleso sikhathi babuhamba phambili ekusondeleni kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimboni (ngokuyinhloko ubuchwepheshe be-LFP).
Okulandelayo, ake sibheke okuthrendayo e-United States, noma ngokuqondile, sicabangele inguqulo yakamuva yedokhumenti:
Ireferensi: I-ABBM yizinhlaka zamandla zamandla kagesi angaphazamiseki, asetshenziswa embonini yamandla kagesi:
- Ukubhukelwa kukagesi kubasebenzisi ababalulekile ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kukagesi ngezidingo zabo (SN) 0,4 kV esiteshini esincane (PS).
- Njengedrayivu "yesigcinalwazi" yeminye imithombo.
- Isinxephezelo sokushoda kukagesi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kukhululwe izinsiza zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokudluliswa kukagesi.
- Ukuqoqwa kwamandla emini lapho izindleko zawo ziphansi (ebusuku).
Njengoba singabona, ubuchwepheshe be-Li-Ion, kusukela ngo-2016, bubambe ngokuqinile isikhundla esiholayo futhi babonisa ukukhula okuningi okusheshayo kuwo womabili amandla (MW) namandla (MWh).
Kuwo lo mbhalo singakwazi ukufunda okulandelayo:
βUbuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion bumele ngaphezu kuka-80% wamandla angeziwe namandla akhiqizwa izinhlelo ze-ABBM e-United States ekupheleni kuka-2016. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anomjikelezo wokushaja osebenza kahle kakhulu futhi akhulula amandla aqoqiwe ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomthamo omkhulu wamandla (ukuminyana kwamandla, inothi lombhali) kanye nemisinga ephumayo ephezulu, okuholele ekukhetheni kwabo njengamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini nezimoto zikagesi.β
Ake sizame ukuqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe obubili bebhethri ye-lithium-ion be-UPS
Sizoqhathanisa amaseli e-prismatic akhelwe kukhemikhali ye-LMO ne-LFP. Yilobu buchwepheshe obubili (obunokwehluka okufana ne-LMO-NMC) osekuyimiklamo yezimboni eyinhloko yezimoto ezihlukahlukene zikagesi nezimoto zikagesi.
Ukwehla kwezwi kumabhethri ezimotweni zikagesi kungafundwa laphaUyabuza, ukuthuthwa ngogesi kuhlangene ngani nakho? Ake ngichaze: ukusabalala okusebenzayo kwezimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Li-Ion sekuyisikhathi eside kudlula isigaba se-prototypes. Futhi njengoba sazi, bonke ubuchwepheshe bakamuva beza kithi buvela ezindaweni ezibizayo, ezintsha zokuphila. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe obuningi bezimoto beza kithi kusuka ku-Formula 1, ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusha beza empilweni yethu kusuka emkhakheni wesikhala, njalonjalo ... Ngakho-ke, ngokombono wethu, ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion manje bungena ezixazululweni zezimboni.
Ake sibheke ithebula lokuqhathanisa phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu, amakhemikhali ebhethri kanye nezinkampani zezimoto ngokwazo ezikhiqiza izimoto zikagesi (ama-hybrids).
Sizokhetha amaseli e-prismatic ngokukhethekile alingana nefomu lesici ukuze asetshenziswe ku-UPS. Njengoba ubona, i-lithium titanate (LTO-NMC) ingaphandle ngokwamandla athile agciniwe. Kusele abakhiqizi abathathu bamaseli e-prismatic alungele ukusetshenziswa ezisombululweni zezimboni, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-UPS.
Ngizocaphuna futhi ngihumushe embhalweni othi "Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila wempilo ende ye-lithium electrode yamabhethri emoto kagesi- iseli lamabhasi e-LEAF, Tesla kanye ne-VOLVO" (Original "Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila wempilo ende ye-lithium electrode yamabhethri emoto kagesi- iseli le LEAF , Tesla kanye nebhasi leVolvo" yangomhla ziyi-11 kuZibandlela 2017 evela ku-Mats Zackrisson. Ihlola kakhulu izinqubo zamakhemikhali kumabhethri ezimoto, umthelela wokudlidliza nezimo zokusebenza kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokulimala kwemvelo. Nokho, kunomusho owodwa othakazelisayo mayelana nokuqhathanisa ezimbili zobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion.
Ekuhumusheni kwami ββββkwamahhala kubukeka kanjena:
Ubuchwepheshe be-NMC bubonisa umthelela ophansi wemvelo ngekhilomitha lemoto ngayinye kunobuchwepheshe be-LFP obuneseli yebhethri ye-anode yensimbi, kodwa kunzima ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda amaphutha. Umqondo oyinhloko yilo: ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kwe-NMC kubangela isisindo esiphansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
1) Ubuchwepheshe be-Prismatic cell LMO, umenzi , kubiza u-$400.
Ukubukeka kweseli LMO
2) Ubuchwepheshe be-Prismatic cell LFP, umenzi , kubiza u-$160.
Ukubukeka kweseli ye-LFP
3) Ukuze uqhathanise, ake sengeze ibhethri eliyisipele lendiza elakhelwe ubuchwepheshe be-LFP kanye nalelo elibambe iqhaza ehlazweni elivusa amadlingozi. , umenzi we-True Blue Power.
Ukubukeka kwebhethri le-TB44
4) Ngombono, masingeze ibhethri le-UPS elijwayelekile
Ukubukeka kwebhethri le-UPS yakudala
Masibeke idatha yomthombo etafuleni.
Njengoba singabona, ngempela, amaseli e-LMO anokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwamandla; umthofu wakudala ungonga amandla ngokuphindwe kabili.
Kusobala kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi uhlelo lwe-BMS lwebhethri ye-Li-Ion luzokwengeza isisindo kulesi sixazululo, okungukuthi, luzonciphisa amandla athile ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20 (umehluko phakathi kwesisindo senetha lamabhethri nesixazululo esiphelele. kucatshangelwa izinhlelo ze-BMS, igobolondo lemojuli, isilawuli sekhabhinethi yebhethri). Isisindo sama-jumpers, ukushintsha kwebhethri nekhabethe lebhethri kucatshangwa ukuthi lilingana ngokwemibandela namabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye nohlu lwebhethri lamabhethri e-lead-acid.
Manje ake sizame ukuqhathanisa imingcele ebaliwe. Kulesi simo, sizokwamukela ukujula kokukhishwa komthofu njengo-70%, kanye ne-Li-Ion njengo-90%.
Qaphela ukuthi amandla athile aphansi ebhethri lendiza abangelwa ukuthi ibhethri ngokwalo (elingabhekwa njengemojuli) livalelwe kukesi lensimbi elingashi, linezixhumi kanye nesistimu yokushisisa ukuze isebenze ezimweni eziphansi zokushisa. Ukuze uqhathanise, kubalwa iseli elilodwa kubhethri le-TB44, lapho singaphetha ngokuthi izici ziyafana neseli ye-LFP evamile. Ukwengeza, ibhethri yendiza yenzelwe ukushaja okuphezulu / ukukhishwa kwemisinga, okuhlotshaniswa nesidingo sokulungisa ngokushesha indiza ukuze indiza entsha phansi kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhipha uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo ebhodini, isibonelo, ukulahlekelwa amandla ebhodini
Ngendlela, yile ndlela umenzi ngokwakhe aqhathanisa ngayo izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri endiza
Njengoba sibona ematafuleni:
I-1) Amandla ekhabhinethi yebhethri esimweni sobuchwepheshe be-LMO aphezulu.
2) Inani lemijikelezo yebhethri ye-LFP liphezulu.
3) Amandla adonsela phansi athile e-LFP mancane; ngakho-ke, ngomthamo ofanayo, ikhabethe lebhethri elisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-iron-lithium phosphate likhulu.
I-4) Ubuchwepheshe be-LFP abujwayele ukubaleka okushisayo, okubangelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, kubhekwa njengokuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion angahlanganiswa kanjani abe uhlu lwebhethri ukuze asebenze ne-UPS, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke lapha.Isibonelo, lo mdwebo. Kulokhu, isisindo net amabhethri kuyoba 340 kg, umthamo kuyoba 100 ampere-amahora.
Noma isekethe ye-LFP 160S2P, lapho isisindo senetha lamabhethri sizoba ngu-512 kg futhi umthamo uzoba amahora angu-200 ampere.
ISIPHETHO: Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabhethri ane-chemistry ye-iron-lithium phosphate (LiFeO4, LFP) asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, izici zawo zinezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwefomula yamakhemikhali ye-LMO, avumela ukushaja ngamandla aphezulu, futhi awathinteki kalula. engcupheni yokubaleka okushisayo. Iluphi uhlobo lwamabhethri ongawakhetha oluhlala ekuboneni komphakeli wesixazululo esihlanganisiwe esenziwe ngomumo, onquma lokhu ngokwenani lemibandela, futhi okungenani kukho konke izindleko zebhethri njengengxenye ye-UPS. Okwamanje, noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamabhethri e-lithium-ion lusengaphansi kwezindleko kunezixazululo ze-classical, kodwa amandla athile aphezulu amabhethri e-lithium ngeyunithi yesisindo kanye nobukhulu obuncane azonquma ngokuqhubekayo ukukhetha kumadivayisi amasha okugcina amandla. Kwezinye izimo, isisindo esiphansi esiphelele se-UPS sinquma ukukhetha kubuchwepheshe obusha. Le nqubo izokwenzeka ngokuphelele ingabonakali, futhi okwamanje ivinjelwa izindleko eziphakeme engxenyeni yamanani aphansi (izixazululo zendlu) kanye ne-inertia yokucabanga mayelana nokuphepha komlilo we-lithium phakathi kwamakhasimende afuna izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ze-UPS ku-UPS yezimboni. ingxenye enamandla angaphezu kuka-100 kVA. Izinga elimaphakathi nengxenye yamandla e-UPS ukusuka ku-3 kVA ukuya ku-100 kVA lingasetshenziswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion, kodwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane, libiza kakhulu futhi liphansi kunamamodeli e-serial enziwe ngomumo e-UPS asebenzisa amabhethri e-VRLA.
Ungathola imininingwane eyengeziwe futhi nixoxe ngesixazululo esithile usebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ekamelweni lakho leseva noma isikhungo sedatha ngokuthumela isicelo nge-imeyili. , noma ngokwenza isicelo kuwebhusayithi yenkampani .
OPULA TECHNOLOGIES - izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa ezibanzi ezivela kubaholi bomhlaba, eziguqulelwe ngqo ezinhlosweni nezinjongo zakho.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Unjiniyela Womklamo Oholayo
Umnyango Wezixazululo Zokuhlanganisa
I-Open Technologies Company
Source: www.habr.com