Umbiko uzokhuluma ngezinye izinqubo ze-DevOps, kodwa ngokombono wonjiniyela. Ngokuvamile, bonke onjiniyela abajoyina i-DevOps sebevele baneminyaka embalwa yolwazi lokuphatha ngaphansi kwebhande labo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho indawo yonjiniyela lapha. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, onjiniyela bamatasa balungisa "isiphazamisi esilandelayo esibucayi sosuku," futhi abanaso isikhathi sokubheka ngokushesha inkambu ye-DevOps. Ngokuqonda kombhali, i-DevOps, okokuqala, ingqondo evamile. Okwesibili, yithuba lokusebenza ngempumelelo. Uma ungunjiniyela, unengqondo futhi ufuna ukusebenza ngempumelelo njengomdlali weqembu, lo mbiko ungowakho.
Ake ngizethule, ngivuma ngokugcwele ukuthi kukhona abantu abangazi ekamelweni. Igama lami ngingu-Anton Boyko, ngiyi-Microsoft Azure MVP. Yini i-MVP? Lena i-Model-View-Presenter. I-Model-View-Presenter yimina impela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengamanje ngibambe isikhundla somakhi wesixazululo e-Ciklum. Futhi muva nje ngizithengele isizinda esihle kangaka, futhi ngibuyekeze i-imeyili yami, engivame ukuyibonisa kumaphrezentheshini. Ungangibhalela ku-: mina [inja] byokoant.pro. Ungangithumelela i-imeyili ngemibuzo. Ngiyaye ngibaphendule. Okuwukuphela kwento ukuthi angithandi ukuthola imibuzo nge-imeyili ehlobene nezihloko ezimbili: ezombusazwe nezenkolo. Ungangibhalela ngakho konke okunye nge-imeyili. Kuzodlula isikhathi, ngizophendula.
Amagama ambalwa ngami:
- Sengineminyaka engu-10 ngikulo mkhakha.
- Ngisebenze kwaMicrosoft.
- Ngingubaba ongumsunguli womphakathi wase-Ukraine we-Azure, esawusungula ndawana thize ngo-2014. Futhi sisenayo futhi siyayithuthukisa.
- Futhi ngingubaba womsunguli wengqungquthela ye-Azure, esiyibambe e-Ukraine.
- Ngisiza futhi ukuhlela i-Global Azure Bootcamp e-Kyiv.
- Njengoba ngishilo, ngiyi-Microsoft Azure MVP.
- Ngikhuluma njalo ezingqungqutheleni. Ngikuthanda kakhulu ukukhuluma ezinkomfeni. Onyakeni odlule ngakwazi ukucula izikhathi ezingaba ngu-40. Uma udlula e-Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Bulgaria, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain noma ukunikeza noma ukuthatha elinye izwe eYurophu, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uma uya engqungqutheleni enetimu yefu ekusakazweni kwayo, ungase ungibone ohlwini lwezikhulumi.
- Futhi ngingumlandeli we-Star Trek.
Ake sikhulume kancane nge-Ajenda. I-Ajenda yethu ilula kakhulu:
- Sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini i-DevOps. Ake sixoxe ukuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile. Ngaphambilini, i-DevOps kwakuyigama elingukhiye olibhale ku-resume yakho futhi ngokushesha wathola +$500 emholweni. Manje udinga ukubhala, isibonelo, i-blockchain ku-resume yakho ukuze uthole ama-dollar angu-+500 emholweni wakho.
- Bese-ke, lapho siqonda kancane ukuthi kuyini lokhu, sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini imikhuba ye-DevOps. Kodwa hhayi kakhulu kumongo we-DevOps ngokujwayelekile, kodwa mayelana nalezo zinqubo ze-DevOps ezingaba nentshisekelo konjiniyela. Ngizokutshela ukuthi kungani zingaba nesithakazelo kuwe. Ngizokutshela ukuthi kungani kufanele wenze lokhu nhlobo nokuthi kungakusiza kanjani uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane.
Isithombe sendabuko esiboniswa abantu abaningi. Yilokhu okwenzeka kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Kulapho sineminyango yezokuthuthukiswa nokusebenza esekela isofthiwe yethu. Futhi le minyango ayikhulumisani.
Mhlawumbe, uma ungakwazanga ukuyizwa ngokucacile eminyangweni ye-DevOps neyokusebenza, ungadweba isifaniso neminyango ye-Dev kanye ne-QA. Kunabantu abathuthukisa isoftware futhi kukhona abantu be-QA ababi ngokombono wabathuthukisi. Isibonelo, ngifaka ikhodi yami emangalisayo endaweni yokugcina, futhi kukhona umkhohlisi othile ohlezi lapho ongibuyisela le khodi futhi athi ikhodi yakho yimbi.
Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngoba abantu abaxhumani. Futhi bajikijela amaphakheji, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza komunye nomunye ngodonga oluthile lokungaqondi futhi bazame ukwenza okuthile ngawo.
Yilo lolu donga impela isiko le-DevOps lenzelwe ukulicekela phansi, i.e. phoqa abantu ukuthi baxhumane futhi okungenani baqonde ukuthi abantu abahlukene kuphrojekthi benzani nokuthi kungani umsebenzi wabo ubalulekile.
Futhi uma sikhuluma nge-DevOps, othile uzokutshela ukuthi i-DevOps yilapho iphrojekthi inokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo; othile uzothi i-DevOps iwukuthi iphrojekthi isebenzisa umkhuba "wengqalasizinda njengekhodi"; othile uzothi isinyathelo sokuqala ku-DevOps isici se-branching, amafulegi wesici.
Empeleni, konke lokhu kuyiqiniso ngendlela yakhona. Kodwa lezi yimikhuba yokugcina esinayo. Ngaphambi kokudlulela kulezi zinqubo, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngibheke lesi silayidi, esibonisa izigaba ezi-3 zokuqalisa indlela yokusebenza ye-Dev-Ops kuphrojekthi yakho, enkampanini yakho.
Lesi silayidi sinegama lesibili elingekho emthethweni. Ungasesha ku-inthanethi ukuze uthole ukuthi ayini ama-Musketeers ama-3 we-DevOps. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzothola lesi sihloko. Kungani 3 Musketeers? Ngezansi ithi: abantu, izinqubo kanye nemikhiqizo, i.e. I-PPP – iPorthos, iPorthos nePorthos. Nawa ama-Musketeers angu-3 we-DevOps. Lesi sihloko sichaza kabanzi ukuthi kungani lokhu kubalulekile nokuthi kuhlanganisani.
Uma uqala ukusebenzisa isiko le-DevOps, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lisetshenziswe ngendlela elandelayo.
Okokuqala udinga ukukhuluma nabantu. Futhi udinga ukuchazela abantu ukuthi iyini nokuthi bangathola kanjani izinzuzo ezithile kuyo.
Ingqungquthela yethu ibizwa nge-DotNet Fest. Futhi njengoba abahleli bangitshela, simeme ikakhulukazi izethameli zonjiniyela lapha, ngakho ngithemba ukuthi iningi labantu ehholo libambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni.
Sizokhuluma ngabantu, sizokhuluma ngalokho onjiniyela abafuna ukukwenza nsuku zonke. Yini abayifuna kakhulu? Bafuna ukubhala ikhodi entsha, basebenzise izinhlaka ezintsha, benze izici ezintsha. Yini encane abayifunayo onjiniyela? Lungisa iziphazamisi ezindala. Ngethemba ukuthi uyavumelana nami. Yilokhu abakufunayo onjiniyela. Bafuna ukubhala izici ezintsha, abafuni ukulungisa iziphazamisi.
Inani lezimbungulu ezikhiqizwa umthuthukisi othile lincike ekutheni izingalo zakhe ziqonde kangakanani nokuthi zikhula kangakanani ukusuka emahlombe akhe, hhayi emaphaketheni akhe ezinqe. Kodwa noma kunjalo, uma sinephrojekthi enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulandelela yonke into, ngakho-ke kungaba kuhle ngathi ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezizosisiza ukuthi sibhale ikhodi ezinzile futhi ephakeme kakhulu.
Yini ama-QA ayifunayo kakhulu? Angazi noma basehholo yini. Kunzima kimi ukusho ukuthi ngifuna i-QA, ngoba angikaze ngibe yiyo. Futhi akunacala kubafana, kuzothiwa ngiyethemba ngeke ngikwenze lokho. Kodwa hhayi ngenxa yokuthi ngibheka umsebenzi wabo njengento engenamsebenzi futhi engenamsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi angizibheki njengomuntu ongenza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo, ngakho ngeke ngize ngizame ukuwenza. Kodwa ngokuqonda kwami, lokho u-QA angakuthandi kakhulu ukuthi uzosebenza ekuseni, ehlale eqhuba uhlobo oluthile lokuhlolwa kokuhlehla, enyathela phezu kwalezi zimbungulu ezibikele abathuthukisi emiqhudelwaneni emi-3 edlule bese ethi: “Uyokwenza nini lokho. , Monsieur D 'Artagnan, lungisa lesi siphazamisi.' Futhi uMonsieur D'Artagnan uyamphendula: “Yebo, yebo, yebo, sengiyilungisile kakade.” Futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngilungise iphutha elilodwa futhi ngenza 5 endleleni.
Abantu abasekela lesi sixazululo ekukhiqizeni bafuna lesi sixazululo sisebenze ngaphandle kwezimbungulu, ukuze kungadingeki baqalise kabusha iseva njalo ngoLwesihlanu, lapho bonke abantu abavamile beya kubha. Abathuthukisi basetshenziswe ngoLwesihlanu, abalawuli bahlala kuze kube uMgqibelo, bezama ukulungisa lokhu kuthunyelwa futhi kulungiswe.
Futhi uma uchazela abantu ukuthi bahlose ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo, ungadlulela ekuhleleni izinqubo ngokusemthethweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungani? Ngoba uma sithi "ukwenza kube semthethweni," kubalulekile ukuthi uchaze ukuthi izinqubo zakho zenzeka kanjani endaweni ethile ku-napkin. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi uma, ngokwesibonelo, uthumela endaweni ye-QA noma endaweni yokukhiqiza, khona-ke kwenzeka njalo ngale ndlela; kulezi zigaba siqhuba, isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlolwa kwe-UI. Ngemuva kokuthunyelwa, sihlola ukuthi ngabe ukuthunyelwa kuhambe kahle noma akulungile. Kodwa usuvele unohlu olucacile lwezenzo okufanele ziphindwe kaninginingi uma uphakela ekukhiqizeni.
Futhi kuphela lapho izinqubo zakho sezisemthethweni, lapho uqala khona ukukhetha imikhiqizo ezokusiza ukuthi wenze lezi zinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngeshwa, ngivame ukubona lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphambene. Ngokushesha lapho othile ezwa igama elithi "DevOps", ngokushesha baphakamisa ukufaka i-Jenkins, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho befaka i-Jenkins, bazoba ne-DevOps. Bafake uJenkins, bafunda izindatshana ezithi “Kanjani” kuwebhusayithi yeJenkins, bazama ukufaka izinqubo kulezi zihloko, base beza kubantu bagoba abantu, bethi incwadi ithi udinga ukwenza ngale ndlela, ngakho sikwenza ngale ndlela.
Akukhona ukuthi i-Jenkins iyithuluzi elibi. Angiqondile ukusho lokho nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa lokhu kungomunye wemikhiqizo. Futhi yimuphi umkhiqizo owusebenzisayo kufanele kube yisinqumo sakho sokugcina, futhi ungabi ngesakho nhlobo. Umkhiqizo wakho akufanele uqhutshwe ukuqaliswa kwesiko nezindlela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda, yingakho ngichitha isikhathi esiningi kulesi silayidi futhi ngichaza konke lokhu isikhathi eside.
Ake sikhulume ngezinqubo ze-DevOps ngokuvamile. Bayini? Uyini umehluko? Ungawazama kanjani? Kungani zibalulekile?
Umkhuba wokuqala okungenzeka uke wezwa ngawo ubizwa ngokuthi Continuous Integration. Mhlawumbe othile kuphrojekthi unokudidiyelwa okuqhubekayo (CI).
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ngokuvamile lapho ngibuza umuntu: “Ingabe unayo i-CI kuphrojekthi?” bese ethi: “Yebo,” khona-ke lapho ngibuza ukuthi wenzani, ungichazela ngokuphelele yonke inqubo yokuzenzakalela. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
Eqinisweni, umkhuba we-CI uhlose nje ukuhlanganisa ikhodi ebhalwa abantu abahlukene ohlotsheni oluthile lwesisekelo sekhodi eyodwa. Yilokho kuphela.
Kanye ne-CI, kuvame ukuba neminye imikhuba endleleni - efana Nokuthunyelwa Okuqhubekayo, Ukuphathwa Kokukhishwa, kodwa sizokhuluma ngakho kamuva.
I-CI ngokwayo isitshela ukuthi abantu abahlukene babhala amakhodi futhi le khodi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokuqhubekayo ibe isisekelo sekhodi eyodwa.
Lokhu kusinikani futhi kungani kubalulekile? Uma sine-DotNet, lokho kuhle, kuwulimi oluhlanganisiwe, singahlanganisa uhlelo lwethu lokusebenza. Uma ihlanganisa, khona-ke lokhu sekuvele kuwuphawu oluhle. Lokhu akusho lutho okwamanje, kodwa kuwuphawu lokuqala oluhle esingaluhlanganisa okungenani.
Khona-ke singasebenzisa ezinye izivivinyo, okubuye kube umkhuba ohlukile. Izivivinyo zonke ziluhlaza - lolu uphawu lwesibili oluhle. Kodwa futhi, lokhu akusho lutho.
Kodwa kungani ungenza lokhu? Zonke izinqubo engizokhuluma ngazo namuhla zinenani elifanayo, okungukuthi, cishe izinzuzo ezifanayo futhi zilinganiswa cishe ngendlela efanayo.
Okokuqala, ikuvumela ukuba usheshise ukulethwa. Lokhu kukuvumela kanjani ukusheshisa ukulethwa? Uma senza izinguquko ezintsha kusisekelo sekhodi yethu, singazama ngokushesha ukwenza okuthile ngale khodi. Asilindi kuze kufike uLwesine ngoba ngoLwesine siyikhiphela i-QA Environment, siyenzela khona lapha nalapha.
Ngizokutshela indaba eyodwa ebuhlungu evela empilweni yami. Kwakukudala, ngisemusha futhi ngimuhle. Manje sengimncane kakade, ngimuhle futhi ngihlakaniphile, futhi ngithobekile. Esikhathini esithile esidlule ngangikuphrojekthi. Sibe nethimba elikhulu labathuthukisi abangaba ngu-30. Futhi saba nephrojekthi enkulu, enkulu Yebhizinisi eyathuthukiswa cishe iminyaka eyi-10. Futhi sasinamagatsha ahlukene. Endaweni yokugcina sasinegatsha okwakuhamba kulo abathuthukisi. Futhi kwakukhona igatsha elalibonisa inguqulo yekhodi ekhiqizwayo.
Igatsha lokukhiqiza lalingemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 kwegatsha elalitholakala kubathuthukisi. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho nginesiphazamisi endaweni ethile eya ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yephutha labathuthukisi, ngoba bavumele, futhi ngenxa yephutha le-QA, ngoba beyibhekile, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ngithola umsebenzi we-hotfix yokukhiqiza, bese kufanele ngibuyisele emuva izinguquko zekhodi yami ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Kufanele ngikhumbule enganginakho ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule futhi ngizame ukukulungisa lapho.
Uma ungakabi nalokhu kuzizwisa okwamanje, ungakuzama kuphrojekthi yakho yasekhaya. Okubalulekile ukuthi, ungazami kwezentengiso. Bhala imigqa embalwa yekhodi, ukhohlwe ngayo izinyanga eziyisithupha, bese uyabuya futhi uzame ukuchaza ngokushesha ukuthi leyo migqa yekhodi imayelana nani nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani noma uyithuthukise kanjani. Kuyisipiliyoni esijabulisa kakhulu.
Uma sinomkhuba Wokuhlanganisa Okuqhubekayo, khona-ke lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sikuhlole ngenani lamathuluzi azenzakalelayo khona lapha futhi khona manje, ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ngibhale ikhodi yami. Lokhu kungase kunganginiki isithombe esigcwele, kodwa noma kunjalo, kuzosusa okungenani ezinye zezingozi. Futhi uma kukhona isiphazamisi esingase sibe khona, ngizokwazi ngaso manje, okungukuthi, emizuzwini embalwa ngokoqobo. Ngeke ngidinge ukuhlehlisa izinyanga ezi-3. Ngizodinga kuphela ukuhlehlisa imizuzu emi-2. Umshini omuhle wekhofi ngeke ube nesikhathi sokwenza ikhofi emizuzwini emi-2, ngakho-ke lokho kuhle kakhulu.
Lokhu kunevelu ukuthi ingaphindaphindwa isikhathi nesikhathi kuphrojekthi ngayinye, i.e. hhayi nje leyo oyibekele yona. Ungaphinda kokubili ukuzijwayeza futhi i-CI ngokwayo izophindwa kulo lonke ushintsho olusha olwenzayo kuphrojekthi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele izinsiza ngoba ithimba lakho lisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngeke usaba nesimo lapho isiphazamisi siza kuwe sisuka kukhodi osebenze nayo ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Ngeke usaba nokushintsha komongo uma uhleli futhi uchitha amahora amabili okuqala uzama ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekeni ngaleso sikhathi futhi ungene engqikithini yomongo ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukulungisa okuthile.
Singakukala kanjani ukuphumelela noma ukwehluleka kwalo mkhuba? Uma ubikela umphathi omkhulu lokho esikusebenzise kuphrojekthi ye-CI, uzwa blah blah blah. Siyisebenzisile, KULUNGILE, kodwa kungani, yasilethelani, siyikala kanjani, siyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele noma ngokungalungile kangakanani?
Okokuqala ukuthi, sibonga i-CI, singasebenzisa kaningi, futhi kaningi ngokunembile ngoba ikhodi yethu inamandla okuzinza. Ngendlela efanayo, isikhathi sethu sokuthola iphutha sincishisiwe futhi isikhathi sokulungisa leli phutha sincishisiwe ngokunembile ngoba sithola impendulo evela ohlelweni khona lapha namanje, yini engalungile ngekhodi yethu.
Omunye umkhuba esinawo i-Automation Testing umkhuba, ovame ukuza nomkhuba we-CI. Bahamba bebambene.
Yini ebalulekile ukuyiqonda lapha? Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izivivinyo zethu zihlukile. Futhi ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo ngakunye kuhloswe ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhona. Sine, isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi okusivumela ukuthi sihlole imojuli ngokwehlukana, i.e. Isebenza kanjani ku-vacuum? Lokhu kuhle.
Siphinde sibe nokuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa okusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi amamojula ahlukene ahlangana kanjani. Kuhle futhi.
Singase sibe nokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-UI okusivumela ukuthi sihlole ukuthi umsebenzi nge-UI uhlangabezana kanjani nezimfuneko ezithile ezibekwe ikhasimende, njll.
Izivivinyo ezithile ozenzayo zingathinta ukuthi uzisebenzisa kaningi kangakanani. Ukuhlolwa kwamayunithi kuvame ukubhalwa kufushane futhi kuncane. Futhi zingaqaliswa njalo.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwe-UI okuzenzakalelayo, kuhle uma iphrojekthi yakho incane. Ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuzenzakalela kwe-UI kungathatha isikhathi esanele. Kodwa ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwe-UI okuzenzakalelayo kuyinto ethatha amahora ambalwa kuphrojekthi enkulu. Futhi kuhle uma kungamahora ambalwa. Okuwukuphela kwento ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuziqhuba kuzo zonke izakhiwo. Kunengqondo ukuwagijimisa ebusuku. Futhi lapho wonke umuntu eza emsebenzini ekuseni: kokubili abahloli nonjiniyela, bathole uhlobo oluthile lombiko wokuthi senze i-UI autotest ebusuku futhi sathola le miphumela. Futhi lapha, ihora lomsebenzi wesiphakeli esizohlola ukuthi umkhiqizo wakho uyahlangabezana yini nezidingo ezithile lizobiza kakhulu kunehora lomsebenzi kanjiniyela ofanayo we-QA, noma ngabe unjiniyela we-Junior QA osebenzela ukudla kanye nokubonga. Noma kunjalo, ihora lokusebenza komshini lizobiza kancane. Yingakho kunengqondo ukutshala imali kuyo.
Nginenye iphrojekthi engikade ngisebenza kuyo. Sibe nokugijima amasonto amabili kulo msebenzi. Lo msebenzi wawumkhulu, ubalulekile emkhakheni wezezimali, futhi iphutha alikwazanga ukwenziwa. Futhi ngemva kokugijima kwamasonto amabili, umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa walandelwa inqubo yokuhlola, eyathatha amanye amaviki angu-4. Zama ukubona ngeso lengqondo izinga lenhlekelele. Sibhala ikhodi amasonto amabili, bese siyenza i-CodeFreeze, siyifake enguqulweni entsha yohlelo lokusebenza, bese siyidlulisela kubahloli. Abahloli bayayihlola amanye amaviki angu-4, i.e. Ngenkathi beyihlola, sinesikhathi sokubalungiselela ezinye izinguqulo ezimbili. Icala elibuhlungu ngempela leli.
Futhi sibatshele ukuthi uma ufuna ukukhiqiza kakhudlwana, kunengqondo kuwe ukuthi usebenzise izinqubo Zokuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo, ngoba yilokhu okukulimazayo khona lapha, khona manje.
Prakthiza Ukuthunyelwa Okuqhubekayo. Kuhle, usuqedile ukwakha. Lokhu sekuvele kuhle. Ikhodi yakho ihlanganisiwe. Manje kungaba kuhle ukusebenzisa lesi sakhiwo endaweni ethile. Ake sithi endaweni yonjiniyela.
Kungani ibalulekile? Okokuqala, ungabheka ukuthi uphumelele kangakanani ngenqubo yokuthunyelwa ngokwayo. Ngihlangabezane namaphrojekthi afana nalawa, uma ngibuza: “Uyisebenzisa kanjani inguqulo entsha yohlelo lokusebenza?”, abafana bangitshela ukuthi: “Siyayihlanganisa futhi siyipakishe kungobo yomlando ye-zip. Sithumela kumphathi ngeposi. Umlawuli ulanda futhi andise le ngobo yomlando. Futhi ihhovisi lonke liqala ukuthandazela ukuthi iseva ithathe inguqulo entsha. ”
Ake siqale ngento elula. Isibonelo, bakhohlwe ukufaka i-CSS kungobo yomlando noma bakhohlwe ukushintsha i-hashtag egameni lefayela le-java-script. Futhi uma senza isicelo kuseva, isiphequluli sicabanga ukuthi sesivele sinalo ifayela le-java-script futhi sinquma ukungalilandi. Futhi kwakukhona inguqulo endala, kukhona okwakushoda. Ngokuvamile, kungase kube nezinkinga eziningi. Ngakho-ke, inkambiso Yokuthunyelwa Okuqhubekayo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole okungenani ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma uthatha isithombe esiyinkomba esihlanzekile futhi usilayishe endaweni ehlanzekile ngokuphelele. Ungabona lapho lokhu kuholela khona.
Futhi, uma uhlanganisa ikhodi phakathi komunye nomunye, i.e. phakathi komyalo, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ibukeka kanjani ku-UI.
Enye yezinkinga ezenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa i-vanilla java-script eningi ukuthi abathuthukisi ababili bamemezele ngamawala okuguquguqukayo okunegama elifanayo entweni yewindi. Futhi-ke, kuye ngenhlanhla yakho. Ifayela likabani le-java-script elikhishiwe okwesibili lizobhala ngaphezulu izinguquko zenye. Kuyajabulisa kakhulu futhi. Uyangena: into eyodwa isebenzela umuntu oyedwa, enye ayisebenzi komunye. Futhi "kuyamangalisa" uma konke kuphuma ekukhiqizeni.
Ukuzijwayeza okulandelayo esinakho wukwenza Ukubuyisela Ngokuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi ukubuyela emuva kunguqulo yangaphambilini yohlelo lokusebenza.
Kungani lokhu kubalulekile konjiniyela? Basekhona abakhumbula iminyaka ekude, ekude, lapho amakhompiyutha ayemakhulu nezinhlelo zincane. Futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthuthukisa iwebhu kwaba nge-PHP. Akukhona ukuthi i-PHP iwulimi olubi, nakuba kunjalo.
Kodwa inkinga yayihlukile. Lapho sisebenzisa inguqulo entsha yesayithi lethu le-php, silisebenzise kanjani? Isikhathi esiningi sasivula i-Far Manager noma enye into. Futhi ilayishe lawa mafayela ku-FTP. Futhi ngokuzumayo saqaphela ukuthi sinesiphazamisi esincane, esincane, isibonelo, sikhohlwe ukubeka i-semicolon noma sikhohlwe ukushintsha iphasiwedi ye-database, futhi kukhona iphasiwedi ye-database, ekhona kumsingathi wendawo. Futhi sinquma ukuxhuma ngokushesha ku-FTP futhi sihlele amafayela khona lapho. Umlilo nje lo! Yilokhu okwakudumile ngeminyaka yawo-90s.
Kodwa, uma ungazange ubheke ikhalenda, iminyaka engu-90 cishe yayiyiminyaka engama-30 edlule. Manje konke kwenzeka ngokuhlukile. Futhi zama ukucabanga ngezinga lenhlekelele lapho bekutshela ukuthi: “Sithumele umkhiqizo, kodwa kukhona okungahambanga kahle lapho. Nakhu ukungena kwakho kwe-FTP nephasiwedi, xhuma ekukhiqizeni futhi ukulungise ngokushesha lapho. " Uma ungu-Chuck Norris, lokhu kuzosebenza. Uma kungenjalo, uzibeka engcupheni yokuthi uma ulungisa iphutha elilodwa, uzokwenza ezinye ezingu-10. Yingakho nje lo mkhuba wokuhlehla ubuyele enguqulweni yangaphambili ikuvumela ukuthi uzuze okuningi.
Noma ngabe into embi ngandlela thize ingenile endaweni ethile, kubi, kepha ayibulali. Ungakwazi ukubuyela emuva enguqulweni yangaphambilini onayo. Ibize ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, uma kulula ukuyibona kulelo gama. Ungakwazi ukubuyela emuva kule nguqulo yangaphambilini, futhi abasebenzisi basazokwazi ukusebenza ngomkhiqizo wakho, futhi uzoba nesikhathi esanele sebhafa. Ungakwazi ngokuzola, ngaphandle kokuxhamazela, uthathe konke lokhu futhi ukuhlole endaweni, ukulungise, bese ulayisha inguqulo entsha. Kunengqondo ngempela ukwenza lokhu.
Manje ake sizame ukuhlanganisa ngandlela-thile imikhuba emibili yangaphambilini ndawonye. Sizothola eyesithathu ebizwa ngeRelease Management.
Uma sikhuluma Ngokusetshenziswa Okuqhubekayo ngendlela yayo yakudala, sithi kufanele sidonse ikhodi egatsheni elithile endaweni yokugcina, siyihlanganise futhi siyithumele. Kuhle uma sinendawo efanayo. Uma sinezindawo ezimbalwa, lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele sidonse ikhodi njalo, ngisho nasekuzinikeleni okufanayo. Sizoyikhipha njalo, sizoyakha njalo futhi sizoyithumela endaweni entsha. Okokuqala, lesi yisikhathi, ngoba ukwakha iphrojekthi, uma unayo enkulu futhi uvela kuma-90s, kungathatha amahora ambalwa.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona okunye ukudabuka. Uma wakha, ngisho emshinini ofanayo, uzokwakha imithombo efanayo, awusenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi lo mshini usesimweni esifanayo njengoba wawunjalo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kokugcina.
Ake sithi othile ungene futhi wabuyekezela i-DotNet noma, ngokuphambene, othile unqume ukususa okuthile. Futhi-ke une-dissonance yokuqonda ukuthi kusukela kulokhu kuzinikela emasontweni amabili edlule sakha isakhiwo futhi konke kwakuhamba kahle, kodwa manje kubonakala sengathi umshini ofanayo, ukuzinikela okufanayo, ikhodi efanayo esizama ukuyakha, kodwa ayisebenzi. . Uzobhekana nalokhu isikhathi eside futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi uzolithola. Okungenani, uzokonakalisa izinzwa zakho kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, inkambiso Yokuphatha Ukukhishwa iphakamisa ukwethula okunye okungeziwe okubizwa ngokuthi inqolobane ye-artifact noma igalari noma ilabhulali. Ungabiza noma yini oyifunayo.
Umbono oyinhloko ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho sinezinhlobo ezithile zokuzibophezela lapho, ake sithi, egatsheni esilungele ukulithumela ezindaweni zethu ezihlukene, siqoqa izicelo kulokhu kuzinikela nakho konke esikudingayo kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, siyakupakisha. kwingobo yomlando ye-zip futhi uyigcine endaweni ethile ethembekile. Futhi kulesi sitoreji singathola le ngobo yomlando ye-zip noma kunini.
Bese siyayithatha bese siyiphakela ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni ye-dev. Sigijima lapho, futhi uma konke kuhamba kahle, bese sithumela esiteji. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, lapho-ke sithumela ingobo yomlando efanayo ekukhiqizweni, okuhamba ngakubili okufanayo, okuhlanganiswe kanye ncamashi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sinegalari efana nalena, iphinde isisiza ukuthi sibhekane nezingozi esizilungise kusilayidi sokugcina lapho sikhuluma ngokuhlehlisa enguqulweni yangaphambilini. Uma ukhiphe okuthile okungalungile ngephutha, ungakwazi njalo ukuthatha noma iyiphi enye inguqulo yangaphambilini kusuka kule galari futhi uyekise ukusetshenziselwa kulezi zindawo ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyele kalula enguqulweni yangaphambilini uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Kukhona omunye umkhuba omkhulu. Mina nawe siyaqonda ukuthi uma sibuyisela izinhlelo zethu zokusebenza enguqulweni yangaphambilini, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi sidinga nengqalasizinda yenguqulo yangaphambilini.
Uma sikhuluma ngengqalasizinda ebonakalayo, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi le yinto emiswa ngabaphathi. Futhi uma udinga, yithi, ukuze uthole iseva entsha ofuna ukuhlola kuyo inguqulo entsha yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kufanele ubhale ithikithi kuma-admins noma ama-devops. I-Devops izothatha amaviki angu-3 kulokhu. Futhi ngemva kwamasonto angu-3 bazokutshela ukuthi sikufakele umshini obonakalayo, onomgogodla owodwa, amagigabhayithi amabili e-RAM kanye neseva ye-Windows ngaphandle kwe-DotNet. Uthi: "Kodwa bengifuna iDotNet." Bona: “Ok, buya ngemva kwamaviki ama-3.”
Umbono wukuthi ngokusebenzisa Ingqalasizinda njengezinqubo zeKhodi, ungaphatha ingqalasizinda yakho ebonakalayo njengenye insiza.
Mhlawumbe, uma omunye wenu enza izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-DotNet, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ngomtapo wolwazi obizwa nge-Entity Framework. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile nokuthi I-Entity Framework ingenye yezindlela iMicrosoft eziphusha ngayo. Ngokusebenza nesizindalwazi, lena indlela ebizwa nge-Code First. Kulapho uchaza ngekhodi ukuthi ufuna isizindalwazi sakho sibukeke kanjani. Bese uthumela uhlelo lokusebenza. Ixhuma ku-database, yona ngokwayo inquma ukuthi yimaphi amatafula akhona nokuthi yimaphi amatafula angekho, futhi idala konke okudingayo.
Ungenza okufanayo ngengqalasizinda yakho. Awukho umehluko phakathi kokuthi udinga isizindalwazi sephrojekthi noma udinga iseva ye-Windows yephrojekthi. Kumane kuyinsiza. Futhi ungenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudalwa kwalesi sisetshenziswa, ungenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucushwa kwalo mthombo. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ufuna ukuhlola umqondo omusha, indlela entsha, ngeke udinge ukuthi ubhale ithikithi kuma-devops, ungamane uzenzele ingqalasizinda ehlukanisiwe kusuka kuzifanekiso ezenziwe ngomumo, kusuka emibhalweni esenziwe ngomumo futhi uyisebenzise. kukhona konke ukuhlola kwakho. Ungasusa lokhu, uthole imiphumela futhi ubike kabanzi ngakho.
Umkhuba olandelayo, okhona futhi obalulekile, kodwa osetshenziswa abantu abambalwa, Ukuqapha Ukusebenza Kwesicelo.
Bengifuna ukusho into eyodwa kuphela nge-Application Performance Monitoring. Yini ebaluleke kakhulu ngalo mkhuba? Yilokhu Ukuqapha Ukusebenza Kwesicelo kucishe kufane nokulungisa ifulethi. Lesi akusona isimo sokugcina, yinqubo. Udinga ukukwenza njalo.
Ngendlela enhle, kungaba kuhle ukwenza i-Application Performance Monitoring cishe kuwo wonke amabhilidi, nakuba, njengoba uqonda, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa, okungenani, idinga ukwenziwa ekukhishweni ngakunye.
Kungani ibalulekile? Ngoba uma ngokuzumayo uhlangabezana nokwehla kokusebenza, udinga ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi kungani. Uma ithimba lakho linokugijima kwamaviki amabili, khona-ke okungenani kanye emavikini amabili kufanele usebenzise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kwenye iseva ehlukile, lapho unephrosesa egxilile, i-RAM, amadiski, njll. Futhi uqalise lezo zivivinyo zokusebenza ezifanayo. . Uthola umphumela. Bona ukuthi ishintshe kanjani ku-sprint yangaphambilini.
Futhi uma uthola ukuthi ukudonswa kwemidlalo kwehle kakhulu ndawana thize, kuyosho ukuthi kungenxa yezinguquko ezenzeke emasontweni amabili edlule. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone futhi ulungise inkinga ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi, lawa cishe amamethrikhi afanayo ongakala ngawo ukuthi ukwenze ngempumelelo kangakanani.
Umkhuba olandelayo esinawo umkhuba Wokuphatha Ukucushwa. Bambalwa kakhulu abakuthatha ngokungathi sína lokhu. Kodwa ngikholwe, lokhu empeleni kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu.
Kube nendaba ehlekisayo muva nje. Laba bafana beza kimi bathi: “Sisize sihlole ukuphepha kwesicelo sethu.” Sabheka ikhodi ndawonye isikhathi eside, bangitshela ngesicelo, badweba imidwebo. Futhi ukuhlanganisa noma ukususa yonke into yayinengqondo, iqondakala, iphephile, kodwa kwakukhona eyodwa KODWA! Babenamafayela okumisa ekulawuleni umthombo wabo, okuhlanganisa nalawo avela ekukhiqizeni ngesizindalwazi se-IP, anokungena ngemvume namagama ayimfihlo okuxhunywa kulezi sizindalwazi, njll.
Futhi ngithi: “Bafo, kulungile, uyivalile indawo yakho yokukhiqiza nge-firewall, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi unokungena nephasiwedi yesizindalwazi sokukhiqiza khona kanye ekulawuleni umthombo futhi noma yimuphi umthuthukisi angakwazi ukuyifunda sekuvele kuyingozi enkulu yokuphepha. . Futhi noma ngabe isicelo sakho sivikeleke kangakanani ngokombono wekhodi, uma usishiya silawulwa umthombo, awusoze waphumelela noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa noma kuphi.” Yilokho engikhuluma ngakho.
Ukuphathwa kokucushwa. Singase sibe nokucushwa okuhlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, singase sibe nokungena okuhlukile kanye namagama ayimfihlo esizindalwazi se-QA, idemo, indawo yokukhiqiza, njll.
Lokhu kulungiselelwa kungabuye kuzenzekele. Kufanele njalo ihluke ohlelweni ngokwalo. Kungani? Ngoba wakhe uhlelo lokusebenza kanye, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza alukhathali ukuthi uxhumeke kuseva ye-SQL usebenzisa i-IP enjalo noma enjalo ne-IP enjalo, kufanele isebenze ngokufanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ngokuzumayo omunye wenu esafaka i-hardcoding intambo yokuxhuma kukhodi, khumbula-ke ukuthi ngizokuthola futhi ngikujezise uma uzithola ukuphrojekthi efanayo nami. Lokhu kuhlala kubekwe ekucushweni okuhlukile, isibonelo, kuwebhu.config.
Futhi lokhu kulungiselelwa sekuvele kuphethwe ngokwehlukana, okungukuthi lesi isikhathi lapho unjiniyela nomqondisi bengeza futhi bahlale ekamelweni elilodwa. Futhi umthuthukisi angathi: “Bheka, nanka amabhanari wohlelo lwami lokusebenza. Bayasebenza. Uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga isizindalwazi ukuze lusebenze. Lapha eduze kwamabhanari kukhona ifayela. Kuleli fayela, le nkambu inesibopho sokungena ngemvume, lokhu okwephasiwedi, lokhu okwe-IP. Yisebenzise noma yikuphi." Futhi ilula futhi icacile kumphathi. Angayisebenzisa noma kuphi ngokuphatha lokhu kulungiselelwa.
Futhi umkhuba wokugcina engingathanda ukukhuluma ngawo umkhuba ohlobene kakhulu namafu. Futhi kuletha umphumela omkhulu uma usebenza efwini. Lokhu ukususwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kwendawo yakho.
Ngiyazi ukuthi kule ngqungquthela baningi abantu abaqhamuka emaqenjini engisebenza nawo. Futhi nawo wonke amaqembu engisebenza nawo, siyawusebenzisa lo mkhuba.
Kungani? Impela, bekungaba kuhle uma umthuthukisi ngamunye enomshini obonakalayo ongasebenza 24/7. Kodwa mhlawumbe lezi yizindaba kuwe, mhlawumbe awuzange unake, kodwa unjiniyela ngokwakhe akasebenzi 24/7. Unjiniyela ngokuvamile usebenza amahora angu-8 ngosuku. Ngisho noma esheshe wafika emsebenzini, uba nesidlo sasemini esikhulu lapho eya ejimini. Makube amahora angu-12 ngosuku lapho unjiniyela esebenzisa lezi zinsiza. Ngokomthetho wethu, sinezinsuku ezi-5 kweziyi-7 evikini ezithathwa njengezinsuku zokusebenza.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi nesonto lo mshini akufanele usebenze amahora angu-24, kodwa angu-12 kuphela, futhi ngezimpelasonto lo mshini akufanele usebenze nhlobo. Kubonakala sengathi yonke into ilula kakhulu, kodwa yini ebalulekile ukusho lapha? Ngokusebenzisa lo mkhuba olula kulolu hlelo oluyisisekelo, ikuvumela ukuthi wehlise izindleko zokunakekela lezi zindawo ngo-70%, okungukuthi uthathe intengo ye-dev yakho, i-QA, idemo, imvelo futhi wayihlukanisa ngo-3.
Umbuzo uwukuthi, yini okufanele yenziwe ngayo yonke imali? Isibonelo, abathuthukisi kufanele bathenge i-ReSharper uma bengakenzi. Noma ube nephathi ye-cocktail. Uma ngaphambilini ubunendawo eyodwa lapho kokubili i-dev ne-QA beklabile, futhi yilokho, manje ungenza oku-3 okuhlukile okuzohlukaniswa, futhi abantu ngeke baphazamisane.
Mayelana nesilayidi esinesilinganiso sokusebenza okuqhubekayo, singaqhathanisa kanjani ukusebenza uma besinamarekhodi angu-1 kusizindalwazi kuphrojekthi, ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva kukhona isigidi? Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi kungani futhi liyini iphuzu lokulinganisa ukusebenza?
Lona ngumbuzo omuhle, ngoba kufanele uhlale ulinganisa ukusebenza ezinsizeni ezifanayo. Okusho ukuthi, ukhipha ikhodi entsha, ukala ukusebenza kukhodi entsha. Isibonelo, udinga ukuhlola izimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, ake sithi ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kanjani kumthwalo omncane, lapho kunabasebenzisi abayi-1 futhi usayizi wedathabheyisi ungamagigabhayithi angu-000. Uwulinganise wathola izinombolo. Okulandelayo sithatha esinye isimo. Isibonelo, abasebenzisi abangu-5, usayizi wesizindalwazi 5 terabyte. Sayithola imiphumela sayikhumbula.
Yini ebalulekile lapha? Okubalulekile lapha ukuthi kuye ngesimo, umthamo wedatha, inani labasebenzisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, njll., ungangena emikhawulweni ethile. Isibonelo, kumkhawulo wekhadi lenethiwekhi, noma umkhawulo we-hard drive, noma umkhawulo wamakhono okucubungula. Yilokhu okubalulekile ukuthi ukuqonde. Ezimweni ezehlukene ufinyelela emikhawulweni ethile. Futhi udinga ukuqonda izinombolo uma uzishaya.
Ingabe sikhuluma ngokulinganisa ukusebenza endaweni yokuhlola ekhethekile? Okungukuthi, lokhu akukhona ukukhiqiza?
Yebo, lokhu akukona ukukhiqiza, lena indawo yokuhlola, ehlala ifana ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqhathanisa nezilinganiso zangaphambilini.
Kuqondwe ngiyabonga!
Uma ingekho imibuzo, ngicabanga ukuthi singaqeda. Ngiyabonga!
Source: www.habr.com