Amasistimu asabalalisiwe angaba nzima ukuwaphatha ngoba anezakhi eziningi ezihambayo, ezishintshayo okudingeka zonke zisebenze kahle ukuze uhlelo lusebenze. Uma enye yezakhi ihluleka, uhlelo kufanele luyibone, idlule futhi ilungise, futhi konke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulolu chungechunge lwe-Kubernetes Best Practices, sizofunda ukuthi singasetha kanjani izivivinyo Zokulungela Nokuphila ukuze sihlole impilo yeqoqo le-Kubernetes.
Ukuhlola Impilo kuyindlela elula yokwazisa isistimu ukuthi isicelo sakho siyasebenza noma cha. Uma isicelo sakho siphansi, amanye amasevisi akufanele afinyelele kuso noma athumele izicelo kuso. Esikhundleni salokho, isicelo kufanele sithunyelwe kwesinye isenzakalo sohlelo lokusebenza esivele sisebenza noma esizoqaliswa kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu kufanele ibuyisele ukusebenza okulahlekile kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Kubernetes izoqala ukuthumela ithrafikhi ku-pod lapho zonke iziqukathi ezingaphakathi kwamaphodi zisebenza, futhi iqalise kabusha iziqukathi lapho ziphahlazeka. Lokhu kuziphatha kwesistimu okuzenzakalelayo kungase kube kuhle ngokwanele ukuqala, kodwa ungathuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa komkhiqizo wakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola ukuhlanzeka okungokwezifiso.
Ngenhlanhla, i-Kubernetes yenza lokhu kube lula ukukwenza, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokuziba lokhu kuhlola. I-Kubernetes inikeza izinhlobo ezimbili Zokuhlolwa Kwezempilo, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko endleleni ngayinye esetshenziswa ngayo.
Ukuhlola Ukulungela kuklanyelwe ukutshela u-Kubernetes ukuthi isicelo sakho sesilungele ukuphatha ithrafikhi. Ngaphambi kokuvumela isevisi ukuthi ithumele ithrafikhi ku-pod, u-Kubernetes kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlola ukulungela kuphumelele. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-Readiness kwehluleka, i-Kubernetes izoyeka ukuthumela ithrafikhi ku-pod kuze kudlule ukuhlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Liveness kutshela u-Kubernetes ukuthi isicelo sakho siyaphila noma sifile. Esimweni sokuqala, i-Kubernetes izoyishiya yodwa, okwesibili izosusa i-pod efile bese ibuyisela entsha.
Ake sicabange ngesimo lapho isicelo sakho sithatha iminithi elingu-1 ukuze sifudumale futhi siqalise. Isevisi yakho ngeke iqale ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lokusebenza selulayishwe ngokugcwele futhi lusebenza, nakuba ukuhamba komsebenzi sekuqalile. Uzoba nezinkinga uma ufuna ukukhuphula lokhu kuthunyelwa kumakhophi amaningi, ngoba lawo makhophi akufanele athole ithrafikhi aze alunge ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Kubernetes izoqala ukuthumela ithrafikhi ngokushesha nje lapho izinqubo ezingaphakathi kwesiqukathi ziqala.
Uma usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokulungela, i-Kubernetes izolinda kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuvumela isevisi ukuthi ithumele ithrafikhi kukhophi entsha.
Ake sicabange ngesinye isimo lapho isicelo silenga isikhathi eside, simisa izicelo zokusevisa. Njengoba inqubo iqhubeka nokusebenza, ngokuzenzakalelayo u-Kubernetes uzothatha ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle futhi aqhubeke nokuthumela izicelo ku-pod engasebenzi. Kodwa uma usebenzisa i-Liveness, i-Kubernetes izobona ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza alusasizi izicelo futhi luzoqala kabusha i-pod efile ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi ukulungela nokusebenza kuhlolwa kanjani. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuhlola - i-HTTP, i-Command ne-TCP. Ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi yazo ukuhlola. Indlela evamile yokuhlola umsebenzisi uphenyo lwe-HTTP.
Noma ngabe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kungesona iseva ye-HTTP, usengadala iseva ye-HTTP engasindi ngaphakathi kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuze uhlanganyele nokuhlolwa kwe-Liveness. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-Kubernetes izoqala ukukhala i-pod, futhi uma impendulo ye-HTTP iku-200 noma 300 ms ububanzi, izobonisa ukuthi i-pod inempilo. Uma kungenjalo, imojuli izomakwa ngokuthi "ayiphilile".
Ngokuhlolwa komyalo, i-Kubernetes isebenzisa umyalo ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi sakho. Uma umyalo ubuya nekhodi yokuphuma enguziro, isiqukathi sizomakwa njengesinempilo, ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho sithola inombolo yesimo sokuphuma kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-255, isiqukathi sizomakwa ngokuthi "sigulayo". Le ndlela yokuhlola iwusizo uma ungakwazi noma ungafuni ukusebenzisa iseva ye-HTTP, kodwa ukwazi ukusebenzisa umyalo ozohlola impilo yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Indlela yokugcina yokuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kwe-TCP. I-Kubernetes izozama ukusungula uxhumano lwe-TCP echwebeni elishiwo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, isitsha sithathwa njengenempilo, uma kungenjalo, sithathwa njengento engenakukwazi ukusebenza. Le ndlela ingaba usizo uma usebenzisa isimo lapho ukuhlola ngesicelo se-HTTP noma ukukhishwa komyalo kungasebenzi kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinsizakalo eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa kusetshenziswa i-TCP kuzoba i-gRPC noma i-FTP.
Ukuhlolwa kungalungiswa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ngemingcele ehlukene. Ungacacisa ukuthi kufanele zibulawe kangaki, ukuthi iyini impumelelo nokwehluleka, nokuthi ulinde isikhathi esingakanani ukuze uthole izimpendulo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bheka imibhalo yezivivinyo Zokulungela Nokuphila. Nokho, kunephuzu elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu ekusetheni ukuhlolwa kwe-Liveness - ukulungiselelwa kokuqala kokulibaziseka kokuhlola kokuqalaDelaySeconds. Njengoba ngishilo, ukwehluleka kwalokhu kuhlola kuzoholela ekuqalweni kabusha kwemojuli. Ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukuhlola akuqali kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lokusebenza selulungele ukusebenza, ngaphandle kwalokho luzoqala ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ngokuqalisa kabusha. Ngincoma ukusebenzisa isikhathi sokuqalisa se-P99 noma isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuqalisa sohlelo lokusebenza kusuka kusigcinalwazi. Khumbula ukulungisa leli nani njengoba isikhathi sokuqalisa sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza siya sishesha noma sihamba kancane.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bazoqinisekisa ukuthi Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo kuyisheke eliyisibopho lanoma yiluphi uhlelo olusabalalisiwe, futhi i-Kubernetes nayo ihlukile. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile, okungenazinkinga kwe-Kubernetes futhi akulula kubasebenzisi.
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