Le ndatshana iphakamisa indlela yokungeniswa okungaqondakali okuthuthukiswe umbhali njengenhlanganisela yezinhlinzeko zezibalo ezingaqondakali kanye nethiyori yama-fractals, yethula umqondo wezinga lokuphindaphinda kwesethi engaqondakali, futhi yethula incazelo yokuphindaphinda okungaphelele kwe isethwe njengobukhulu bayo obuyingxenye bokumodelisa indawo yesihloko. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwendlela ehlongozwayo kanye namamodeli olwazi adalwe ngokwesisekelo sawo njengamasethi angacacile kuthathwa njengokuphathwa komjikelezo wempilo wezinhlelo zolwazi, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokusebenzisa nokuhlola isofthiwe.
Ukubheka
Enqubweni yokuklama nokuthuthukiswa, ukuqaliswa nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zolwazi, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqoqwe futhi kuhlelwe idatha, ulwazi nolwazi oluqoqwe ngaphandle noma oluvela esigabeni ngasinye somjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe. Lokhu kusebenza njengolwazi oludingekayo kanye nokwesekwa kwendlela yokusebenza komsebenzi wokuklama nokwenza izinqumo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni zokungaqiniseki okuphezulu nasezindaweni ezakhiwe ngobuthaka. Isisekelo solwazi esakhiwe ngenxa yokuqoqwa nokuhlelwa kwezinsiza ezinjalo akufanele nje sibe umthombo wolwazi oluwusizo oluzuzwe ithimba lephrojekthi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa uhlelo lolwazi, kodwa futhi lube nezindlela ezilula kakhulu zokubonisa imibono emisha, izindlela kanye nezindlela ezilula zokubonisa imibono emisha, izindlela nezindlela zokwenza umsebenzi. ama-algorithms wokuqalisa imisebenzi yephrojekthi. Ngamanye amazwi, isisekelo esinjalo solwazi siyinqolobane yemali yengqondo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithuluzi lokulawula ulwazi [3, 10].
Ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenziseka, kanye nekhwalithi yesisekelo solwazi njengethuluzi kuhlobana nokuqina kwensiza yokugcinwa kwaso nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokukhipha ulwazi. Ukuqoqwa nokuqoshwa kolwazi kulula nangokushesha kusizindalwazi kanye nemiphumela engaguquki yemibuzo kuyo, kuba ngcono futhi kuthembeke nakakhulu ithuluzi ngokwalo [1, 2]. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezihlukene kanye namathuluzi okuhlela asebenza ezinhlelweni zokuphatha isizindalwazi, okuhlanganisa ukujwayela kobudlelwano kusizindalwazi esihlobene, akuvumeli ukuchaza noma ukumodela izingxenye ze-semantic, ukuhumusha, isikhawu kanye namasethi e-semantic aqhubekayo [4, 7, 10]. Lokhu kudinga indlela ye-methodological ehlanganisa izimo ezikhethekile ze-ontologies elinganiselwe futhi ilethe imodeli yolwazi eduze nokuqhubeka kwencazelo yendawo yesihloko yohlelo lolwazi.
Indlela enjalo ingaba inhlanganisela yezinhlinzeko zethiyori yezibalo ezingaqondakali kanye nomqondo we-fractal dimension [3, 6]. Ngokwenza kahle incazelo yolwazi ngokuya ngemibandela yezinga lokuqhubeka (usayizi wesinyathelo sokucatshangelwa kwencazelo) ngaphansi kwezimo zomkhawulo ngokuya ngomgomo wokungapheleli kukaGödel (ohlelweni lolwazi - ukungapheleli okuyisisekelo kokucabanga, ulwazi. ethathwe kulolu hlelo ngaphansi kwesimo sokungaguquguquki kwayo), ukwenza ukufiphala okulandelanayo (ukunciphisa ukufiphala), sithola incazelo esemthethweni ebonisa indikimba ethile yolwazi ngokugcwele nangokuhlangene ngangokunokwenzeka futhi okungenzeka ngayo ukwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi. izinqubo zolwazi - ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa, ukucubungula nokudlulisa [5, 8, 9].
Incazelo yokuphindaphinda kwesethi engacacile
Vumela u-X kube isethi yamanani kwezinye izici zesistimu ehleliwe:
(1)
lapho n = [N ≥ 3] – inani lamanani esici esinjalo (ngaphezu kwesethi eyisisekelo (0; 1) – (amanga; iqiniso)).
Vumela u-X = B, lapho u-B = {a,b,c,…,z} kuyisethi yokulingana, isici-nge-elementi esihambisana nesethi yamanani wesici X.
Khona-ke isethi engacacile , ehambisana nomqondo ongacacile (esimweni esivamile) ochaza isici esingu-X, ingamelwa ngokuthi:
(2)
lapho u-m eyisinyathelo sokuhlukanisa incazelo, ngingoka-N - ukuphindaphindeka kwesinyathelo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe imodeli yolwazi mayelana nohlelo lolwazi ngokwemibandela yokuqhubeka (ukuthamba) kwencazelo, kuyilapho sihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yendawo yokungapheleli kokucabanga, sethula. izinga lokuphindaphinda kwesethi engacacile futhi sithola inguqulo elandelayo yokumelwa kwayo:
(3)
kuphi – isethi ehambisana nomqondo ongacacile, ovame ukuchaza isici X ngokugcwele kunesethi , ngokwemibandela yokuthamba; I-re-degree of recursion yencazelo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi (yehliswa kusethi ecacile) esimweni esikhethekile, uma kunesidingo.
Ukwethulwa kobukhulu be-fractional
Lapho Re = 1 isethi isethi evamile engacacile yezinga lesi-2, okuhlanganisa njengamasethi ama-elementi angacacile (noma amamephu awo acacile) achaza wonke amanani wesici X [1, 2]:
(4)
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyicala eliwohlokayo, futhi ekumeleleni okuphelele kakhulu, ezinye zezakhi kungaba amasethi, kuyilapho okunye kungaba izinto ezingasho lutho (ezilula kakhulu). Ngakho-ke, ukuchaza isethi enjalo kuyadingeka ukwethula ukuphindaphinda okuyingxenye – i-analogue ye-fractional dimension of space (kulo mongo, indawo ye-ontology yendawo ethile yesifundo) [3, 9].
Uma i-Re iyingxenye, sithola okufakiwe okulandelayo :
(5)
kuphi - isethi engacacile yenani X1, - isethi engaqondakali yenani X2, njll.
Kulokhu, i-recursion iba yi-fractal, futhi amasethi ezincazelo azifani.
Ukuchaza Ukusebenza Okuningi Kwemojuli
Isakhiwo sohlelo lolwazi oluvulekile luthatha umgomo we-modularity, oqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukala, ukuphindaphinda, ukuguquguquka nokuvela kwesistimu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Modular kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuletha ukuqaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinqubo zolwazi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ekufanekisweni kwenhloso yazo yemvelo emhlabeni wangempela, ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi afaneleka kakhulu ngokwezakhiwo zawo zokusebenza, aklanyelwe ukuthi angafaki abantu esikhundleni, kodwa ukusiza ngempumelelo. nabo ekuphathweni kolwazi.
Imojuli iyinhlangano ehlukile yesistimu yolwazi, okungenzeka ibe yisibopho noma ozikhethela yona ngezinjongo zokuba khona kwesistimu, kodwa kunoma yikuphi inikeza isethi eyingqayizivele yemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesistimu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokusebenza kwamamojula zingachazwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu zokusebenza: ukudala (ukurekhoda idatha entsha), ukuhlela (ukushintsha idatha erekhodiwe ngaphambilini), ukususa (ukusula idatha erekhodiwe ngaphambilini).
Vumela u-X kube isici esithile somsebenzi onjalo, khona-ke isethi ehambisanayo X ingamelwa ngokuthi:
(6)
lapho i-X1 - indalo, i-X2 - ukuhlela, i-X3 - ukususwa,
(7)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi imojula kufana nokuthi ukudalwa kwedatha akufani ngokwakho (kwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda - umsebenzi wokudala awuziphindi), futhi ukuhlela nokususwa esimweni esivamile kungabandakanya kokubili ukuqaliswa kwe-elementi-by-elementi (ukwenza umsebenzi ezicini ezikhethiwe zamasethi edatha) futhi ngokwazo zifaka phakathi imisebenzi efana neyakhe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma umsebenzi wokusebenza X ungenziwanga kumojuli enikeziwe (ayisetshenziswanga ohlelweni), khona-ke isethi ehambisana nomsebenzi onjalo ibhekwa njengengenalutho.
Ngakho-ke, ukuchaza umqondo ongacacile (isitatimende) "imojula ikuvumela ukuthi wenze umsebenzi ngesethi ehambisanayo yedatha ngezinjongo zohlelo lolwazi," isethi engacacile. esimweni esilula ingamelwa kanje:
(8)
Esimweni esivamile, isethi enjalo inedigri ye-recursion elingana no-1,6(6) futhi i-fractal futhi i-fuzzy ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukulungiselela izimo zokusebenzisa nokuhlola imojuli
Ezigabeni zokuthuthuka nokusebenza kohlelo lolwazi, izimo ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ezichaza ukuhleleka nokuqukethwe kokusebenza kokusebenzisa amamojula ngokwenhloso yawo yokusebenza (izimo ezisetshenziswayo), kanye nokuhlola ukuthobela okulindelekile kanye imiphumela yangempela yamamojula (izimo zokuhlola) .icala lokuhlola).
Ngokucabangela imibono eshiwo ngenhla, inqubo yokusebenza kwezimo ezinjalo ingachazwa kanje.
Isethi engacacile yakhiwe yemojuli :
(9)
kuphi
- isethi engaqondakali yokusebenza kokudala idatha ngokuya ngokusebenza X;
- isethi engacacile yokusebenza kwedatha yokuhlela ngokokusebenza kuka-X, kuyilapho izinga lokuphindaphinda a (ukushumeka komsebenzi) kuyinombolo engokwemvelo futhi esimweni esincane silingana no-1;
- isethi engacacile yokusebenza kokususa idatha ngokuya ngomsebenzi X, kuyilapho idigri ye-recursion b (ukushumeka komsebenzi) iyinombolo engokwemvelo futhi esimweni esincane silingana no-1.
Isixuku esinjalo siyachaza yini ngempela (iziphi izinto zedatha) ezidaliwe, ezihleliwe kanye/noma ezisusiwe nganoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwemojuli.
Bese kuhlanganiswa isethi yezimo zokusebenzisa i-Ux yokusebenza kuka-X kumojula okukhulunywa ngayo, ngayinye echazayo. kungani (imuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi) izinto zedatha ezichazwe isethi zidaliwe, zahlelwa futhi/noma zisusiwe? , futhi ngaluphi uhlelo:
(10)
lapho u-n iyinani lezimo zokusetshenziswa ze-X.
Okulandelayo, isethi yezimo zokuhlola ze-Tx kuhlanganiswa ukusebenza kuka-X esimweni ngasinye sokusetshenziswa semojuli okukhulunywa ngayo. Umbhalo wokuhlola uyachaza, imaphi amanani edatha asetshenziswayo futhi ngaluphi uhlelo lapho kwenziwa icala lokusebenzisa, futhi yimuphi umphumela okufanele utholakale:
(11)
lapho [D] kuwuxhaxha lwedatha yokuhlola, n inombolo yezimo zokuhlola zika-X.
Endleleni echaziwe, inani lezimo zokuhlola lilingana nenani lamacala okusetshenziswa ahambisanayo, okwenza umsebenzi ube lula ekuchazeni kwawo kanye nokubuyekeza njengoba uhlelo lukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-algorithm enjalo ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kwamamojula wesofthiwe wesistimu yolwazi.
isiphetho
Indlela eyethulwe yokungeniswa okungaqondakali ingasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukene zomjikelezo wempilo wanoma yiluphi uhlelo lolwazi oluyimojuli, kokubili ngenjongo yokuqongelela ingxenye echazayo yesisekelo solwazi, kanye nokusebenza ngezimo zokusebenzisa nokuhlola amamojula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungeniswa okungaqondakali kusiza ekuhlanganiseni ulwazi olusekelwe ezincazelweni ezingacacile ezitholiwe, njenge-“cognitive kaleidoscope”, lapho ezinye izici zihlala zicacile futhi zingaqondakali, kuyilapho ezinye, ngokomthetho wokuzifanisa, zisetshenziswa inani lezikhathi ezishiwo ku- izinga lokuphindaphinda kwesethi ngayinye yedatha eyaziwayo. Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, amasethi angaqondakaliyo akha imodeli engasetshenziswa kokubili ngezinjongo zesistimu yolwazi kanye nezintshisakalo zokucinga ulwazi olusha jikelele.
Lolu hlobo lwendlela yokusebenza lungahlukaniswa njengendlela eyingqayizivele “yobuhlakani bokwenziwa”, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amasethi ahlanganisiwe akufanele aphikisane nomgomo wokucabanga okungaphelele futhi aklanyelwe ukusiza ubuhlakani bomuntu, hhayi esikhundleni sawo.
Izinkomba
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Source: www.habr.com