– Sawubona, ngithole incwadi evela ku-Google Cupid izolo. Uncoma ukuthi ngihlukane nawe ngishade nenye indoda. Ngokohlaziyo oluvela kusongo lami kanye nelakho elithi “Amorous”, umlando wokuvakasha kwewebhusayithi, izincwadi ezithunyelwa ngezithunywa ezisheshayo, ukusebenzisana kwethu kwehle ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamunye wethu uthola imizwa eyakhayo engaphansi kobuncane obudingekayo emshadweni wethu.
- Futhi ubani ozoba umyeni wakho omusha? - ngezwi lendoda, ngokungalindelekile ngisho nakuye, umuntu angabona amanothi omona.
Athule lo wesifazane amnike ucingo lwakhe.
- Ngakho .... Imali engenayo yonyaka: $230, uhlala e-Oklahoma. Uke wahlangana naye?
- Cha, sithandwa. Ngibone kungcono ngimfonele ngemuva kokukhuluma nawe. Uzothini?
- Kuphuma kuwe.
- Awu, uyazi. I-Google ayinalo neze iphutha. Kanye nesaphulelo sentela sonyaka esingu-15% sakho nawe. Amaphuzu ayishumi amahle ezimeni zethu zomphakathi. Lena inketho enhle, idili elihle. Umshado wethu usuneminyaka engu-12 futhi akekho omunye ongasinikeza inani elingcono kakhulu lawo.
- Yiqiniso, othandekayo. Lena inketho enhle...
Yiqiniso, lokhu akulona iqiniso okwamanje. Kumnandi. Kodwa fantasy okungenzeka kakhulu. Ukuthambekela kwethonya elilokhu landa le-Internet kubantu selivele libonakala ngisho nakwabayizimpumputhe nezithulu.
Ukuphatha ukuqonda komphakathi ukuze kwandiswe ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezithile ngisho nokukhetha umongameli ofisa wezwe (!) Sekuvele kube IQINISO! Ukuphathwa kwemibhalo ye-elekthronikhi, ukuthenga ku-inthanethi, ukuqomisana emhlabeni jikelele - lokhu akuseyona ngisho into engokoqobo, kodwa ukwenzeka kwansuku zonke, okungajwayelekile kunemithandazo yangoLwesihlanu yamaSulumane kanye nokuya esontweni kwamaKristu. Esinye isinyathelo noma ezimbili, iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, futhi ngaphandle kokuqaphela thina ngokwethu sizobe singaphansi kweNethiwekhi, simbozwe kuyo phezulu kakhulu.
Ingabe lolu uhlobo lwekusasa olufunayo? Ngiyavuma, kuzoba ngokunethezeka kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa lokhu kuyinduduzo yexoxo emgodini wamanzi, oma emlilweni. Ekuqaleni kuhle, kodwa-ke awunawo amandla okugxuma ngaphandle kokuphekwa.
Uma umkhuba wokugcwalisa izimpilo zethu ngokuphelele nge-inthanethi uqhubeka, khona-ke singasho kufanele ukuthi: “Noma ubani ongumnikazi we-inthanethi ungumnikazi womhlaba.” Kodwa empeleni, ubani ophethe i-Internet? Noma ucabanga ukuthi umhlaba obonakalayo awunamnikazi, okungukuthi, ungowabo bonke abantu? Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi awunangqondo kangako.
I-inthanethi futhi ingeyawo wonke umuntu, njengoba nje ne-Antarctica ingeyawo wonke umuntu. Okungenani umPapua waseGuinea Bissau angeza lapho ngokukhululeka ngokuphelele. Kodwa empeleni, izwekazi lesithupha lingelamazwe amaningana angakwazi ukusebenzisa imali enkulu ekunakekeleni iziteshi zawo lapho.
Ngakho-ke ubani ophethe i-Internet, kubiza malini ukuba nayo, futhi kungenzeka yini ukugqashula umkhuba wokuthi abantu baqonywe yi-Internet? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi i-inthanethi iyini ngempela.
"Lawa izigidigidi zamakhompiyutha axhunywe komunye nomunye ngokuxhumana okunezintambo noma okungenantambo ngamarutha, amamodemu nesofthiwe ekhethekile," usho. Abathuthuke kakhulu bangakhumbula amakheli e-HTTP, IPv4 kanye ne-IP. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. UDeveli, njengoba sazi, usemininingwaneni.
I-inthanethi ayiyona inethiwekhi, kodwa inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi. Okusho ukuthi, kunezinkulungwane, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamanethiwekhi endawo, ngalinye elihlanganisa iqembu elithile lamakhompyutha ashintshanisa ulwazi kusetshenziswa irutha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Inethiwekhi yendawo ngayinye enjalo inomnikazi - umhlinzeki - Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi (ISP). Okulandelayo, ama-router axhunywe komunye nomunye kusetshenziswa izintambo zocingo, izintambo ezikhethekile ze-inthanethi, noma ukuxhumana okungenantambo. Umphumela uba i-inthanethi.
Umhlinzeki uyinhlangano esemthethweni esemthethweni, inkampani, okusho ukuthi ingaphansi kweziphathimandla zezwe esebenza kulo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesinqumo seziphathimandla, unganqanyulwa kalula ku-inthanethi noma unqatshelwe ukufinyelela ingxenye ethile yolwazi eku-inthanethi. Lokhu kungaba amasayithi athile noma ukuvalwa komhlaba jikelele. Isibonelo, phakathi nezinxushunxushu ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi e-Iraq, Iran, Libya, njll. iziphathimandla ziyalele ukuthi kuvalwe ngokuphelele i-inthanethi noma zivimbe ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwe-inthanethi yesimanje kwenza kube lula ukuvimba isiteshi ukuze uthole ulwazi hhayi nje ngesinqumo seziphathimandla. Kukhona nokunqamuka kwekhebula ngokomzimba, ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS noma uhlobo oluthile lokwehluleka. Sonke siyakhumbula ukuthi i-Facebook, ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana, nezinye izinsiza ze-inthanethi ziba yiqhwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ububi besibili ukuthi umhlinzeki angaqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yakho ku-inthanethi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ilawula umzila, owazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi i-IP oyisebenzisile nokuthi iphakethe ledatha leza kuwe livela kuyiphi i-IP. Futhi ayikho i-VPN noma i-Tor ezosiza. Bangakwazi ukukufihla kumuntu obukele ngaphandle, kodwa hhayi kumhlinzeki. Uzokwazi kahle ukuthi ulwazi luvelaphi futhi luqhamuke ngani.
Kukhona okunye, ukushiyeka okungabalulekile kangako. Ikakhulukazi, i-Intanethi yesimanje iwukubonakaliswa komphakathi wesimanje, nezikhungo zayo zamandla, ukubusa okunamandla kanye, ngokuvamile, abantu abangenamandla lapho kugcinwa khona inkohliso yokubaluleka kwayo ngosizo lwabezindaba. Ngakho ku-inthanethi. Kukhona abahlinzeki abathobela iziphathimandla. Kunezinkampani ezinkulu ze-inthanethi ezinezinsizakusebenza ezinkulu zobuhlakani nezezimali, ngenxa yalokho eziye zalawula konke okuqukethwe futhi zaphatha ngempumelelo imibono yomphakathi, zibeka izithakazelo zazo kithi. Futhi kukhona abasebenzisi abajwayelekile, empeleni, abangenawo amalungelo.
Ngakho-ke, manje i-inthanethi iya ngokuya iguquka isuka ethuluzini lokuxhumana kanye nokugcinwa kolwazi ngendlela elula ibe ithuluzi lezohwebo lokwenza inzuzo futhi libe yithuluzi lokuphatha umphakathi.
I-Evolution noma inguquko?
Ukushiyeka kwe-Intanethi yesimanje kusobala kangangokuthi, yiqiniso, abantu abaningi banesifiso esinamandla sokushintsha lesi simo ngandlela-thile. Isibonelo, akekho omunye ngaphandle kukababa we-Intanethi, u-Tim Berners-Lee, oqonda kahle ukushiyeka kwengqondo yakhe, futhi iqembu labantu abanomqondo ofanayo lithuthukisa iphrojekthi ye-Solid - ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ehlukaniswe ngenhloso ukucekela phansi ukubusa kwezinkampani ezinkulu ze-inthanethi njenge-Google noma i-Facebook. Ngokwahlukaniswa, usosayensi uyaqonda ukunikeza umsebenzisi ukulawula okuphelele kuyo yonke idatha yakhe kunoma yiziphi izinsizakalo. Uma iphrojekthi iqaliswe ngempumelelo, iziqhwaga ze-inthanethi ngeke zikwazi ukuqoqa imininingwane eminingi, ziyihlaziye zisebenzisa ama-algorithms akhethekile, bese zithonya umphakathi uwonke futhi ngamunye wethu ngamunye.
Lena indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Futhi, ngokubona kwethu, inesici esibi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi, kusazodingeka siphendukele kuma-giants of Internet. Futhi uma kunjalo, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi awukwazi kanjani ukudlulisela kubo ingxenye ethile yolwazi ngawe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Solid ayixazululi ngokuphelele inkinga yokuvimbela ukutholwa kolwazi ngesinqumo seziphathimandla, ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, njll.
Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe ngeke kuhambe ngendlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa indlela yokuguquguquka? Yiphi?
Dala isistimu yokusebenza ekhethekile (OS) lapho bonke abasebenzisi banamalungelo alinganayo. Okungukuthi, ngamunye wethu uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi ngaye ngokwakhe azoludlulisela ku-Network futhi kubani, futhi ngamunye wethu angamukela noma anikeze lokhu noma lolo lwazi. Okusho ukuthi, ukuba kokubili umthengi kanye nomhlinzeki. Ngamanye amazwi, okuqukethwe akugcinwa endaweni eyodwa, kodwa kusakazwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Ukuseshwa kolwazi oludingekayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ithebula le-hash, ngokuyisisekelo uhla lwemibhalo olurekhoda ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olugcinwe kuyiphi ikhompyutha. Ukugcina nokusabalalisa imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain.
Ukuze kukhonjwe umsebenzisi ngamunye ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukukhwabanisa, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kudalwe iphrofayela yedijithali yomuntu. Kodwa lokhu akuyona nje i-analogue yesiginesha yedijithali. Lesi isisekelo lapho umsebenzisi azokwakhela kuso isakhiwo sakhe sokusebenzelana ne-inthanethi. Ngokusekelwe kule phrofayili yedijithali, i-OS izokukhethela okuqukethwe okulungile - ezokuzijabulisa, ulwazi, ezohwebo. Okusho ukuthi, akuyona i-Google, inhloli futhi ihlaziya ulwazi ngawe, lokho kuzobeka amafilimu, izindaba, imikhiqizo kuwe, kodwa wena ngokwakho ubonisa ukuthi yini ofuna ukuyibona kukhompyutha yakho. Lokhu ngeke kufake izinto ezingokoqobo zanamuhla, ezingachazwa ngamazwi athi “bashada nami ngaphandle kwami.”
I-prototype ye-inthanethi yesikhathi esizayo ingaba amanethiwekhi ontanga kuya kontanga noma amanethiwekhi e-P2P. Ikakhulukazi, i-BitTorrent edumile. Kulokhu, umgomo wokusesha nokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ushintsha kakhulu. Manje yonke into isekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi ifayela elithile (okuqukethwe) litholakala kuseva ethile. Ku-inthanethi yesikhathi esizayo ehlongozwayo, isamba se-hashi sefayela elinjalo nelinjalo elikhona ndawana thize kunethiwekhi. Isamba se-hash yisihlonzi sefayela esiyingqayizivele esibalwa kusetshenziswa i-algorithm ethile.
Kulokhu, uma ifayela ligcinwe kumakhompyutha amaningana, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana nomunye wabo ngeke kukuvimbele ekutholeni ulwazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuyicinga, awuphendukeli ku-Google noma enye injini yokusesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awumniki noma yiluphi ulwazi ngawe.
Ukuvikeleka kolwazi oludlulisiwe kukhuphuka izikhathi eziningi. Ku-OS entsha, i-imeyili efanayo ingathunyelwa ngokuqondile kukhompuyutha yomamukeli, idlule iziphakeli zezinsizakalo zemeyili ezithanda ukuhlola okuqukethwe. Izithunywa ezisheshayo ezidumile i-Viber neTelegram manje sezisebenza ngokwalolu hlelo.
Umgomo ohlongozwayo wokwakha i-Intanethi usivumela kalula ukuthi sixazulule inkinga yokukala kwayo. Manje abasebenzisi abaphinda kabili kuholela ekwandeni okufanayo komthwalo kumaseva ahlukahlukene agcina okuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke ukwehluleka nokudluliswa kwedatha okunensayo. Ngohlelo olusha lokwakha i-Intanethi, umthwalo kukhompyutha eyodwa uzokhula kancane, futhi ungase uwe, ngoba wonke amakhompyutha azoba amaseva.
Umgomo omusha wokugcina idatha
Sibhale ngenhla ngokungathembeki kwe-inthanethi ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kugcinwa enanini elilinganiselwe lamakhompyutha (uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lawo eliphelele). Bangaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, baba yizigebengu, futhi bavele baphume ku-inthanethi ngenxa yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe.
I-OS entsha, okusho ukuthi i-inthanethi ehlukaniselwe amazwe, izokwandisa kakhulu ukwethembeka kokutholwa kwedatha. Kuhlongozwa umqondo olandelayo wokugcina idatha:
- amakhompyutha abasebenzisi;
- izindawo zokugcina idatha ezizimele.
Ukudluliswa kwedatha kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-blockchain. Lo mqondo:
- izokuvumela ukuthi uvikele ngokuthembekile futhi udlulise ulwazi;
- izohlinzeka ngesivinini esikhulu sokudlulisa idatha;
- kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqalise ngokushesha noma iyiphi iphrojekthi edinga inani elikhulu lekhompiyutha (ikhompyutha esabalalisiwe);
- izosungula inhlangano elula yesizindalwazi sayo.
Ungawina kanjani?
Kuwubuwula ukukholelwa ukuthi izikhondlakhondla ze-inthanethi zizovele zikhiphe inzuzo yazo yezigidigidi zamadola. Bese kwenziwani?
Okokuqala, udinga ukudala i-OS. Ungalandela indlela ka-Tim Berners-Lee, owakha isiqalo sephrojekthi yakhe eqinile, eqasha abahleli bezinhlelo abangamavolontiya. Ngokombono wethu, okokuqala i-OS yesikhathi esizayo kufanele igxile kumadivayisi eselula, okungukuthi, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi angenantambo, okuzonciphisa inani labahlinzeki. Bese-ke iphrothokholi eyinhloko ye-Intanethi izoba yi-BGP (iphrothokholi yesango lomngcele) - iphrothokholi yomzila eguquguqukayo.
I-OS entsha kufanele ifakwe phezu kwalezi ezikhona (i-Android noma i-iOS), okungukuthi, izoba yi-superstructure phezu kwe-inthanethi (inethiwekhi yokumbondelana).
Yiqiniso, le OS, kanye nokuqukethwe okuzoshintshaniswa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi, kufanele kube mahhala.
Yebo, ama-monopolies e-inthanethi aqinile, ngokwezezimali nangokomqondo. Kodwa ngeke bakwazi ukumelana nezenzo ezihlangene zezigidigidi zabantu. Ngisho nezinkampani ezinamandla azikwazi ukuphazamisa ukucabanga kokuthuthuka komphakathi wesintu, okuhlanganisa ne-inthanethi, njengengxenye yayo, ebeka inkululeko eyengeziwe yabantu ngabanye, ubumfihlo obandisiwe nokuvikeleka. Umqondo ofanayo ulawula ukudalwa kwesistimu yokusebenza entsha, ephakathi kwezinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi eziseMkhathini zizimele zodwa. Zikhipha ukukhanya futhi zimunce izinto. Futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zixhunywe insimu eyodwa yamandla adonsela phansi. Nginike i-interstellar OS!
- Sthandwa, ngisanda kuthola incwadi ehlekisayo evela kwa-Google. Basikisela ukuthi sihlukanise. Njengokuthi, benza izibalo futhi banquma ukuthi asifanelani. Baze bamtholela umyeni wami omusha ozongenela ukhetho.
"Namanje abakwazi ukwehlisa umoya." Phonsa leli phepha kugaxekile.
- Ngingathanda ukuvimba i-Google. Ngikhathele ukukhangisa kwakhe nazo zonke izinhlobo zokunikezwayo okungenele.
- Kungaba njalo. Sengivele ngakhohlwa ngigcina ukuyivula.
Source: www.habr.com