Yebo impela mandulo. NgoMeyi odlule, inkundla yezokuxhumana ehlukaniselwe umhlaba wonke i-Fediverse (IsiNgisi - Fediverse) iminyaka engu-11! Impela eminyakeni eminingi edlule, umsunguli wephrojekthi ye-Identi.ca washicilela okuthunyelwe kwakhe kokuqala.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umuntu othile ongaziwa esisetshenziswa esihlonishwayo wabhala: "Inkinga nge-Fediverse ukuthi abemba ababili nengxenye bayazi ngayo.".
Yeka inkinga engenangqondo. Masiyilungise! Futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, sizozama ukuqeda ezinye izinganekwane (futhi siqinise ezinye izinganekwane).
*Ukuze uqedele isithombe, kungase kube usizo ukuzijwayeza mayelana ne-Fediverse, nge-caveat yokuthi okuningi kwakho sekuphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ake siqale ngenganekwane ephikisana kakhulu.
Inganekwane #1: <Igama lanoma iyiphi inhlangano> ayinikezi lutho ngayo yonke ingxabano “ngezinye izindlela” ezinwetshiwe.
Ngokwezinga elithile, la mazwi ayiqiniso. Kuyiqiniso impela njengoba ibinzana lika-Mahatma Gandhi liwukuthi: “Baqale bakushaye indiva, bese bekuhleka, bese belwa nawe, bese uyawina".
Isihloko sokwabiwa kwamazwe asikhathazi muntu. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, umdali we-World Wide Web, u-Tim Berners-Lee, wakhuluma ngohlelo lwakhe lokusabalalisa iwebhu ngephrojekthi entsha. . Kubukeka sengathi, kungani ungabheki eduze amanethiwekhi omphakathi ahlanganisiwe asevele ekhona anephrothokholi , eyalinganisa , ephethwe nguMnu. Berners-Lee?
NgoJulayi 2019, i-Apple yajoyina iphrojekthi ye-Facebook, Twitter, Google kanye neMicrosoft yokuthuthela idatha . I-Fediverse ihlangene ngani nayo? Endaweni yokugcina iphrojekthi, kanye ne-Twitter, Instagram, Facebook (kanye neSolid), uzothola kunethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe . Akukubi ngenethiwekhi engenandaba.
Ngo-Okthoba 2019, umsunguli we-Wikipedia uJimmy Wales umemezele ukwethulwa “kwenye i-Facebook ne-Twitter” - , inkundla engenazo izikhangiso enikwa amandla iminikelo yabasebenzisi. Lezi zimiso zisikhumbuza amanethiwekhi ahlangene, njengoba abasebenzisi be-Twitter bashesha ukutshela uMnu Wales. Lokho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-ActivityPub futhi kamuva yamemezela ukuthi ikhodi ye-WT:Iphrojekthi Yezenhlalo izovulwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv3. Kuhle!
NgoDisemba 2019, umdali we-Twitter uJack Dorsey mayelana nezinhloso zenkampani zokutshala imali ocwaningweni nokudala inani lamazinga avulekile ahlukaniselwe izinkundla zokuxhumana, ukuze kuthuthukiswe isevisi ye-Twitter. Kwakukhona amahlaya amaningi ngalokhu kumanethiwekhi we-Fediverse mayelana neqiniso lokuthi u-Dorsey wanquma ukuhlanganisa inethiwekhi ye-federated ye-Mastodon. Iqiniso liwukuthi inyanga ngaphambi kokuba uDorsey enze isitatimende sakhe ku-Twitter ku-akhawunti esemthethweni yokuphromotha yenethiwekhi ye-Mastodon. Ngakho akakwazanga ukuzibamba wazi ngobukhona bayo. I-Developer Mastodon positive mayelana nombono wokuxhuma i-Twitter kumanethiwekhi e-Fediversity (kunokuba udale amazinga amasha angahambelani).
Manje umbuzo kubafundi: ucabanga ukuthi i-Fediverse ikusiphi isigaba ngaphakathi kwencazelo kaMahatma Gandhi?
Inganekwane #2: Amanethiwekhi Ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa okungenani abantu bangaphandle abayi-10 kanye nama-bots ayi-100. Amaphrojekthi afile! Ayikho intuthuko! Azikho izitika!
Ngiyashesha ukukuqinisekisa: izitika zisanda kukwenza kunethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe , enye yezinkundla ezikhula ngokushesha ngokwenani lamaseva. Ikhodi yephrojekthi ibhalwe ngolimi lwe-Elixir futhi yenzelwe imiphakathi emincane (ungasebenzisa kalula i-node kwenye i-Beaglebone noma i-Raspberry Pi).
Amahemuhemu mayelana nokufa kwamaphrojekthi kahulumeni anehaba kakhulu. Yebo, inethiwekhi ye-microblogging I-GNU Social, ekhona kusukela ngo-2010, isiphelelwe yisikhathi ngokwezindinganiso zesimanje. Kuze kube muva nje, ibingenalo ngisho nekhono lokuthumela umlayezo ongekho esidlangalaleni, njengoba lesi simo asinikezwanga ekucacisweni kwephrothokholi ye-OStatus. Ngenhlanhla, i-GNU Social isinonyaka manje ikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwephrothokholi ye-ActivityPub.
Ake sibheke amanethiwekhi amasha, athuthukayo.
Iphrojekthi yomfelandawonye ephumelele kakhulu (isikhathi esithile manje iphakeme kune-Twitter ngokusebenza), ngoJanuwari ngonyaka odlule isibonelelo , ehloselwe amaphrojekthi "asungulayo, asazayo". Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrojekthi inokusekelwa okuzinzile kwezezimali ePatreon. Ngo-2019 Keybase ukuhlanganiswa ne-Mastodon, okubangele ukusabela okuxubile kubasebenzisi. Ngenhlanhla, njengoba kulindelekile kusofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, lokhu kuyakhethwa futhi kunqunywa ngasohlangothini lomphathi weseva.
I-Mastodon inezimfoloko ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo: ngezici zokuhlola (ezivame ukwamukelwa egatsheni elijwayelekile lephrojekthi yeMastodon), , okwandisa amathuba okumaka okuthunyelwe. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubhekisisa ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa и .
Uma udlula, ungakhohlwa ukusijoyina .
Ungathola okuningi mayelana neMastodon ku-inthanethi, ngakho-ke asiqhubeke.
- ukusingathwa kwevidiyo okuhlukaniselwe indawo kanye nenkundla yokusakaza ividiyo - edalwe umphakathi njengenye indlela ye-YouTube/Vimeo. Le phrojekthi yaqala ukuvela emaphephandabeni ngenxa ye-Google, okwathi ngo-2018 yavala okwesikhashana i-akhawunti yohlelo lokumodela lwe-Blender 3D. Bese kuba abathanda eyakho i-PeerTube, esatholakala nanamuhla. Umgomo wephrojekthi ukudala inethiwekhi yabahlinzeki bevidiyo abaxhumene, ngaphandle kwabadlali abakhulu bemakethe. Ukuze wenze lula umthwalo kumaseva, inkundla isekela ukusakazwa kwevidiyo kontanga kuya kontanga isebenzisa i-WebRTC: uma abasebenzisi abambalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa bebuka ividiyo kusiphequluli, inqobo nje uma ithebhu ivuliwe, abasebenzisi basiza ukusabalalisa okuqukethwe.
Muva nje ukukhishwa kwenguqulo 2.0. Amavidiyo avela ku-PeerTube angabukwa kunethiwekhi ye-Mastodon (ulwazi oluyi-100%) kanye namanye amanethiwekhi e-Fediversity (izimbungulu zingenzeka).
Izikhulumi zesiRashiya zithumela ku-PeerTube mayelana nomlando we-Fediverse kusuka . Qiniseka ukuthi uyalalela!
- njenge-Instagram, kuphela ngaphandle kwezithombe zezipikili (okungenani okwamanje)! Iphrojekthi yakamuva usizo oluvela enhlanganweni yaseYurophu ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi ngonyaka odlule kwenyuke isibalo samanodi safinyelela ku-100+. Isebenzisana namanethiwekhi amaningi e-Fediverse.
– enye i-Grooveshark kanye ne-Deezer. Ibhalwe ngePython, iphrojekthi ihlangene nenethiwekhi yeMastodon muva nje ngoDisemba wonyaka odlule. Inkundla ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhla zokudlalayo, ulalele umculo okhethiwe wabanye abantu (“umsakazo”), futhi uxhumane nabanye abasebenzisi. Kungenzeka ukulanda futhi wabelane okurekhodiwe okulalelwayo ngokulinganiselwe, isibonelo, ukugwema izinkinga ze-copyright.
iyinkundla yokubhuloga ehlangene ephumelele ngokungalindelekile. Ngokusobala abasebenzisi beMastodon bakhathele ngempela umkhawulo wezinhlamvu ezingama-500. Ngandlela-thile, iphrojekthi yasheshe yathola ukuthandwa emibuthanweni emincane - amaseva angama-200+ esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka - futhi ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-node ekhokhelwayo (kulabo abavilapha kakhulu ukukhulisa ezabo kanye nawo wonke umuntu ofuna ukusiza ngokwezezimali. ) ngisho mayelana nokusesha onjiniyela be-Go abasha ngenkontileka. NgoJuni 2019, abathuthukisi be-Linux kernel isevisi yebhulogi entsha , ene-WritFreely software ngaphansi kwe-hood. Okuthunyelwe kule nkundla kungafundwa ku-Pleroma nakwamanye amanethiwekhi e-Fediverse.
- isandiso sephrothokholi ehlanganisiwe ethuthukisiwe ye-ActivityPub, esizohlinzeka ngomfelandawonye phakathi kwezinhlelo zokulawula inguqulo. Ngaphambili iphrojekthi ibibizwa .
Izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu - ukuhlela imihlangano, imicimbi, izingqungquthela. Idalwe ngokuhlangana ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-crowdfunding eyimpumelelo , le nkundla izothatha indawo ye-MeetUp, amaqembu e-Facebook nezinye izixazululo ezimaphakathi. Hooray!
Kwedlule amanethiwekhi ashiwo , и . Kuze kube manje, womathathu amanethiwekhi asebenzise iphrothokholi ye-ActivityPub futhi ajoyina iningi lamanethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe, kuyilapho egcina inzuzo yomfelandawonye enenethiwekhi enkulu (ngenombolo yama-akhawunti). . Abanye bangasho ukuthi ukugcina amaphrothokholi amaningi kuwububi. Ngenxa yokusebenza okuhlukile, ukuqinisekisa umfelandawonye ozinzile nawo wonke amanye amanethiwekhi kuwumsebenzi ongewona omncane. Nokho, kungenzeka.
isikhombikubona kuthathwa njengokulula ukukufunda kubasebenzisi be-Facebook. Ngingaphikisana nalokhu (yize futhi ngithola ukuklama kwe-Facebook kungalungile kakhulu). Okuthunyelwe okungenamkhawulo, ama-albhamu ezithombe, imilayezo yomuntu siqu - isethi encane elindelwe kusukela kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu isilapha. Iphrojekthi idinga ngempela umshisekeli we-front-end (kwenzeka nje ukuthi iqembu liqukethe kuphela onjiniyela abangemuva) - ofuna ukujoyina umthombo ovulekile?
- hhayi inethiwekhi enembile kakhulu (ngimema wonke umuntu ukuthi asize ukuthuthukisa isixhumi esibonakalayo). Kodwa inkundla inikeza amathuba anhlobonhlobo okusebenza njengenkundla yokuxhumana nabantu, inkundla, amaqembu ezingxoxo, i-Wiki kanye newebhusayithi. Ukukhishwa kwakamuva kwaba ekupheleni kuka-2019. Ngokungeziwe kumaphrothokholi e-ActivityPub kanye ne-diaspora, i-Hubzilla ididiyelwe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi isebenzisa iphrothokholi yayo. , ngenxa yokuthi ihlinzeka ngezici ezimbili ezihlukile ku-Fediverse. Okokuqala, kukhona ukuqinisekiswa kokuphela kokuphela kwe-"Nomadic Identity". Okwesibili, umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa i-akhawunti ikuvumela ukuthi ube "nesipele" sayo yonke idatha (okuthunyelwe, othintana nabo, oxhumana nabo) kwenye iseva - iyasiza uma iseva eyinhloko ivele ingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ukubophela umsebenzisi kuseva ethile (kanye nobunzima bokuqhubekela phambili nokuthuthela kwentsha) indawo ebuthaka yamanethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe. Amaphrojekthi amaningana e-Fediverse azwakalise isifiso sokuqalisa i-Zot protocol, kodwa kuze kube manje ezingeni lezingxoxo. Okwamanje, ekumisweni okusemthethweni kwephrothokholi ye-Zot ngaphakathi kwe-W3C.
Inkundla yomphakathi ekhuluma isiRashiya iHubzilla (ungayibhalisela kusuka kwamanye amanethiwekhi i-Hubzilla ehlanganiswe ngawo).
- inethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe ene-interface eguquguqukayo ekhumbuza i-Pinterest noma i-Tumblr. Okufanele kakhulu okuqukethwe okubukwayo (imifanekiso, izithombe). Umthuthukisi wephrojekthi, futhi ongumsunguli wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo yokuthuthukisa izinkundla ezihlanganisiwe , inamathuba amaningi ajabulisayo ahleliwe. Inethiwekhi ithuthuka kancane, siqapha intuthuko.
- Kuncane okungashiwo ngale phrojekthi okwamanje, ngaphandle kokuthi ithuthukiswa isisebenzi sangaphambili se-VKontakte neTelegram, futhi ngomqondo othile, i-clone ye-VKontakte ihlelwe. Kungaba usizo kakhulu: ukusebenza kwemiphakathi akuthuthukiswanga kahle kumanethiwekhi ahlangene. Ikhodi yephrojekthi ayikashicilelwa, kodwa isivele ihlangene.
Yiqiniso, lawa akuwona wonke amanethiwekhi akha i-Fediverse. Abahleli bathanda ngempela ukubhala izinguqulo zabo, ngakho-ke ngo-2019 kuphela, kwavela amaphrojekthi amasha angu-13. Bheka uhlu lwamanje lwamanethiwekhi e-Fediverse , futhi ungafunda mayelana nemiphumela ka-2019 .
Ukubuyela enganekwaneni, ka-2019 ku-Fediverse abasebenzisi abasha abangaphezu kwesigidi bangeziwe. Ngakho-ke, kunabantu bakwamanye amazwe lapho abangaphezu kuka-10. Umphakathi okhuluma isiRashiya usemncane.
Inganekwane #3 (eqine kakhulu): akekho okudingayo konke lokhu!
Futhi lapha, mfundi, mancane amathuba okuthi ngikwazi ukukukholisa ngombhalo. Kungafana nokuchaza ukunambitheka kwekhabe kumuntu ongakaze alizame.
Inkulumo ephawulekayo (enhle) yesishoshovu esidumile ePhalamende laseYurophu ngoNovemba 2019, lapho a abameleli babantu, yiziphi izinkinga eziyinhloko zendlela ye-EU yamanje yokulawula nokusekela izinkampani ezimaphakathi kanye nokuqala, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zamanethiwekhi ahlangene avulekile. Ngincoma ukubuka. Uma u-Aral engakuvumeli ukuthi uhlole amanethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe, ngeke ngikwenze lokho.
Buka futhi okurekhodiwe kwamakhonsathi avela , eyaqhutshwa ngo-August ePrague. Lo mcimbi ubunesiphithiphithi, uhlelwe ngokushesha kangangokuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onesikhathi sokuthenga amathikithi nokuza. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ingqungquthela entsha ihlelelwe wonke amanethiwekhi ahlanganisiwe (hhayi nje i-ActivityPub) ngo-2020 e-Barcelona. ukuze uthole izindaba ngomcimbi.
Ezinye izixhumanisi eziwusizo:
- Isayithi Lomhlahlandlela Wamanethiwekhi Ahlanganisiwe -
- Izibalo zeseva -
- Izibalo zamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene kahulumeni -
- Izibalo ezengeziwe -
- Ukubuka kokuxhumana -
Okokugcina, isithombe esizokukhanga iphosta evela kungqungquthela ye-Chaos Computer Club ngonyaka odlule:
Sizokubona ku-Fediverse!
Ngithanda ukuzwakalisa ukubonga kwami kuDokotela ngokulungisa lesi sihloko kanye nokuhlela okuwusizo, kanye nakuMaxim ovela eqenjini likaHubzilla ngezengezo zakhe..
Source: www.habr.com