UMikhail Salosin. I-Golang Meetup. Ukusebenzisa i-Go ngemuva kwesicelo se-Look+

Mikhail Salosin (ngemuva kwalokhu – MS): - Sanibonani nonke! Igama lami nginguMichael. Ngisebenza njengonjiniyela ongemuva ku-MC2 Software, futhi ngizokhuluma ngokusebenzisa i-Go ngemuva kwesicelo seselula se-Look+.

Ingabe ukhona othanda ihokhi lapha?

Khona lolu hlelo lokusebenza ngawe. Yenzelwe i-Android ne-iOS futhi isetshenziselwa ukubuka ukusakazwa kwemicimbi yezemidlalo ehlukahlukene ku-inthanethi futhi irekhodiwe. Uhlelo lokusebenza luqukethe nezibalo ezahlukahlukene, ukusakazwa kombhalo, amatafula ezinkomfa, imiqhudelwano nolunye ulwazi oluwusizo kubalandeli.

Futhi kuhlelo lokusebenza kukhona into efana nezikhathi zevidiyo, okungukuthi ungabuka izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu zemidlalo (izinhloso, ukulwa, ukudubula, njll.). Uma ungafuni ukubuka konke ukusakaza, ungabuka kuphela okuthakaselekayo kakhulu.

Yini oyisebenzise ekuthuthukisweni?

Ingxenye eyinhloko yayibhalwe ku-Go. I-API amaklayenti eselula axhumane nayo yayibhalwe kokuthi Go. Isevisi yokuthumela izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza kumaselula nayo yabhalwa ngokuthi Go. Kwadingeka futhi sibhale eyethu i-ORM, esingase sikhulume ngayo ngolunye usuku. Nokho, amanye amasevisi amancane abhalwe kokuthi Go: ukukhulisa usayizi nokulayisha izithombe zabahleli...

Sisebenzise i-PostgreSQL njengesizindalwazi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somhleli sabhalwa nge-Ruby on Rails kusetshenziswa igugu le-ActiveAdmin. Ukungenisa izibalo ezivela kumhlinzeki wezibalo nakho kubhalwe nge-Ruby.

Ukuhlola i-API yesistimu, sisebenzise i-Python unittest. I-Memcached isetshenziselwa ukuvala izingcingo zokukhokha ze-API, i-“Chef” isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukucushwa, i-Zabbix isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokuqapha izibalo zesistimu yangaphakathi. I-Greylog2 eyokuqoqa izingodo, i-Slate iwumbhalo we-API wamaklayenti.

Ukukhetha iphrothokholi

Inkinga yokuqala esihlangabezane nayo: besidinga ukukhetha iphrothokholi yokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-backend namaklayenti eselula, ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu alandelayo...

• Imfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu: idatha kumaklayenti kufanele ibuyekezwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Okusho ukuthi, wonke umuntu obuka ukusakazwa okwamanje kufanele athole izibuyekezo cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
• Ukuze senze izinto zibe lula, sicabange ukuthi idatha evunyelaniswe namaklayenti ayisuswa, kodwa ifihlwa kusetshenziswa amafulegi akhethekile.
• Zonke izinhlobo zezicelo ezingavamile (ezifana nezibalo, ukuqanjwa kweqembu, izibalo zeqembu) zitholwa ngezicelo ezijwayelekile ze-GET.
• Futhi, uhlelo bekufanele lusekele kalula abasebenzisi abayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, sibe nezinketho ezimbili zephrothokholi:

1. Ama-Websockets. Kodwa besingazidingi iziteshi ezisuka kuklayenti ziye kuseva. Besidinga kuphela ukuthumela izibuyekezo kusuka kuseva kuya kuklayenti, ngakho-ke i-websocket iyinketho engafuneki.
2. Imicimbi Ethunyelwe Ngeseva (SSE) ize kahle! Ilula futhi ngokwesisekelo yanelisa konke esikudingayo.

Imicimbi Ethunyelwe Iseva

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nendlela le nto esebenza ngayo...

Isebenza phezu koxhumano lwe-http. Iklayenti lithumela isicelo, iseva iphendula ngohlobo Lokuqukethwe: umbhalo/ukusakazwa komcimbi futhi ayivali ukuxhumana neklayenti, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokubhala idatha kuxhumo:

Idatha ingathunyelwa ngefomethi okuvunyelwene ngayo namaklayenti. Thina, siyithumele ngaleli fomu: igama lesakhiwo esishintshiwe (umuntu, umdlali) lithunyelwe enkundleni yomcimbi, futhi i-JSON enezinkambu ezintsha, ezishintshile zomdlali ithunyelwe kunkambu yedatha.

Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi ukusebenzisana ngokwako kusebenza kanjani.

• Into yokuqala eyenziwa yiklayenti ukunquma isikhathi sokugcina sokuvumelanisa nesevisi okwenziwe: libheka isizindalwazi salo sendawo bese linquma usuku loshintsho lokugcina olurekhodwe yilo.
• Ithumela isicelo ngale dethi.
• Ngokuphendula, simthumelela zonke izibuyekezo ezenzeke kusukela ngalolo suku.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, yenza uxhumano esiteshini esibukhoma futhi ayivali kuze kube yilapho isidinga lezi zibuyekezo:

Simthumelela uhlu lwezinguquko: uma othile eshaya igoli, sishintsha amaphuzu omdlalo, uma elimala, lokhu kuthunyelwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngakho, amaklayenti athola ngokushesha idatha yakamuva kokuphakelayo komcimbi womdlalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze iklayenti liqonde ukuthi iseva ayifanga, ukuthi akwenzekanga lutho kuyo, sithumela isitembu sesikhathi njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-15 - ukuze yazi ukuthi konke kuhamba ngohlelo futhi asikho isidingo sokuxhuma kabusha.

Ingabe uxhumano olubukhoma luhlinzekwa kanjani ngesevisi?

• Okokuqala, sakha isiteshi lapho kuzotholwa khona izibuyekezo ezigciniwe.
• Ngemva kwalokho, sibhalisa lesi siteshi ukuze sithole izibuyekezo.
• Setha unhlokweni ofanele ukuze iklayenti lazi ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
• Thumela i-ping yokuqala. Simane sirekhode isitembu sesikhathi samanje sokuxhuma.
• Ngemva kwalokho, sifunda kusukela esiteshini ku-loop kuze kuvalwe isiteshi sokubuyekeza. Isiteshi ngezikhathi ezithile sithola isitembu sesikhathi samanje noma izinguquko esesizibhala kakade ukuze sivule ukuxhumana.

Inkinga yokuqala esihlangabezane nayo kube yilena elandelayo: ekuxhumekeni ngakunye okuvulwe neklayenti, sakha isibali sikhathi esiphawula kanye njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-15 - kuvela ukuthi uma besinokuxhumana okuyizinkulungwane eziyi-6 okuvulwe ngomshini owodwa (ngeseva eyodwa ye-API), 6 kwadalwa izikhathi eziyinkulungwane. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni umshini ungawubambi umthwalo odingekayo. Inkinga ibingabonakali kangako kithi, kodwa sithole usizo oluncane sayilungisa.

Ngenxa yalokho, manje i-ping yethu iphuma esiteshini esifanayo okuvela kuso isibuyekezo.

Ngokufanelekile, kunesibali sikhathi esisodwa kuphela esisebenza kanye njalo emizuzwaneni eyi-15.

Kunemisebenzi eminingana yokusiza lapha - ukuthumela unhlokweni, i-ping kanye nesakhiwo ngokwaso. Okungukuthi, igama lethebula (umuntu, umdlalo, isizini) kanye nolwazi mayelana nalokhu okufakiwe kudluliselwa lapha:

Indlela yokuthumela izibuyekezo

Manje kancane mayelana nokuthi izinguquko zivelaphi. Sinabantu abambalwa, abahleli, ababuka ukusakazwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Badala yonke imicimbi: othile ukhishwe, othile walimala, uhlobo oluthile lokungena esikhundleni...

Ngokusebenzisa i-CMS, idatha ingena kusizindalwazi. Ngemva kwalokhu, isizindalwazi sazisa amaseva e-API mayelana nalokhu sisebenzisa indlela ethi Lalela/Yazisa. Amaseva e-API asevele ethumela lolu lwazi kumakhasimende. Ngakho-ke, sinamaseva ambalwa kuphela axhunywe kusizindalwazi futhi awukho umthwalo okhethekile kusizindalwazi, ngoba iklayenti alixhumani ngokuqondile nesizindalwazi nganoma iyiphi indlela:

I-PostgreSQL: Lalela/Yazisa

Indlela ethi Lalela/Yazisa ku-Postgres ikuvumela ukuba wazise ababhalisile bomcimbi ukuthi umcimbi othile ushintshile - elinye irekhodi selidaliwe kusizindalwazi. Ukwenza lokhu, sibhale i-trigger elula nomsebenzi:

Lapho sifaka noma sishintsha irekhodi, sibiza umsebenzi wokwazisa esiteshini_sezibuyekezo zedatha, sidlulisela lapho igama letafula kanye nesihlonzi serekhodi elishintshiwe noma lafakwa.

Kuwo wonke amathebula okufanele avunyelaniswe neklayenti, sichaza i-trigger, okuthi, ngemva kokushintsha / ukuvuselela irekhodi, ibize umsebenzi okhonjiswe ku-slide esingezansi.
Ngabe i-API ibhalisela kanjani lezi zinguquko?

I-Fanout mechanism iyakhiwa - ithumela imilayezo kuklayenti. Iqoqa zonke iziteshi zamakhasimende futhi ithumele izibuyekezo ezizithole ngalezi ziteshi:

Lapha umtapo wezincwadi we-pq ojwayelekile, oxhuma ku-database futhi uthi ufuna ukulalela isiteshi (data_updates), uhlola ukuthi uxhumano luvulekile futhi konke kuhamba kahle. Ngiyeka ukuhlola iphutha ukuze ngilondoloze isikhala (ukungahloli kuyingozi).

Okulandelayo, sisetha ngokulinganayo iTicker, ezothumela i-ping njalo ngemizuzwana engu-15, bese siqala ukulalela isiteshi esisibhalisele. Uma sithola i-ping, sishicilela le ping. Uma sithola uhlobo oluthile lokungenela, sizobe sesishicilela lokhu okufakiwe kubo bonke ababhalisile bale Fanout.

Isebenza kanjani iFan-out?

NgesiRashiya lokhu kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "i-splitter". Sinento eyodwa ebhalisa ababhalisile abafuna ukuthola izibuyekezo. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho isibuyekezo sifika kule nto, isabalalisa lesi sibuyekezo kubo bonke ababhalisile bayo. Ilula ngokwanele:

Isetshenziswa kanjani ku-Go:

Kunesakhiwo, sivumelaniswa kusetshenziswa i-Mutexes. Inenkambu egcina isimo sokuxhuma kweFanout kusizindalwazi, okungukuthi okwamanje iyalalela futhi izothola izibuyekezo, kanye nohlu lwazo zonke iziteshi ezitholakalayo - imephu, ukhiye wayo okuyisiteshi nesakhiwo ngendlela amanani (empeleni ayisetshenziswanga nganoma iyiphi indlela).

Izindlela ezimbili - Ixhunyiwe futhi Inqanyuliwe - zisivumela ukuthi sitshele i-Fanout ukuthi sinokuxhumanisa nesisekelo, kuvele nokuthi uxhumano kusisekelo luphukile. Esimweni sesibili, udinga ukunqamula wonke amaklayenti futhi uwatshele ukuthi ngeke esakwazi ukulalela noma yini nokuthi aphinde axhume ngoba uxhumano kuwo seluvaliwe.

Kukhona nendlela ethi Bhalisela eyengeza isiteshi “kubalaleli”:

Kukhona indlela yokuzikhipha ohlwini, esusa isiteshi kubalaleli uma iklayenti linqamula, kanye nendlela yokushicilela, ekuvumela ukuthi uthumele umlayezo kubo bonke ababhalisile.

Umbuzo: – Yini esakazwa ngalesi siteshi?

MS: - Imodeli eshintshile noma i-ping iyadluliselwa (empeleni inombolo nje, inombolo ephelele).

MS: - Ungathumela noma yini, uthumele noma yisiphi isakhiwo, uyishicilele - ivele iguquke ibe yi-JSON futhi yikho.

MS: - Sithola isaziso esivela ku-Postgres - iqukethe igama letafula nesihlonzi. Ngokusekelwe egameni lethebula nesihlonzi, sithola irekhodi esilidingayo, bese sithumela lesi sakhiwo ukuze sishicilelwe.

Ingqalasizinda

Lokhu kubukeka kanjani ngokombono wengqalasizinda? Sineziphakeli zehadiwe eziyi-7: eyodwa yazo inikezelwe ngokuphelele ku-database, enye eyisithupha isebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo. Kunamakhophi ayi-6 e-API: umshini ngamunye obonakalayo one-API usebenza kuseva ehlukile yehadiwe - lokhu okokwethembeka.

Sinama-frontend amabili ane-Keepaalived efakwe ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, ukuze kuthi uma kwenzeka okuthile, i-frontend eyodwa ingathatha enye. Futhi - amakhophi amabili e-CMS.

Kukhona nongenisa izibalo kwamanye amazwe. Kukhona i-DB Slave okwenziwa kuyo izipele ngezikhathi ezithile. Kukhona i-Pigeon Pusher, uhlelo lokusebenza oluthumela izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza kumakhasimende, kanye nezinto zengqalasizinda: Zabbix, Graylog2 kanye noChef.

Eqinisweni, le ngqalasizinda ayinalutho, ngoba izinkulungwane eziyi-100 zinganikezwa ngamaseva ambalwa. Kodwa kwakukhona insimbi - sayisebenzisa (satshelwa ukuthi kungenzeka - kungani kungenjalo).

Izinzuzo ze-Go

Ngemuva kokuthi sisebenze kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, izinzuzo ezisobala ze-Go zavela.

• Ilabhulali ye-http epholile. Ngayo ungakha okuningi ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
• Futhi, iziteshi ezisivumele ukuthi sisebenzise kalula indlela yokuthumela izaziso kumakhasimende.
• Into emangalisayo umtshina womjaho usivumele ukuthi sisuse izimbungulu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile (ingqalasizinda yesiteji). Konke okusebenzayo esiteji kwethulwa, kuhlanganiswe nokhiye weRace; futhi thina, ngokufanelekile, singabheka ingqalasizinda yesiteji ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona esinazo.
• I-Minimalism nobulula bolimi.

Sifuna onjiniyela! Ngicela, uma kukhona ofuna.

Imibuzo yakho

Umbuzo ovela ezithamelini (ngemuva kwalokhu - B): - Kimina sengathi uphuthelwe yiphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile mayelana ne-Fan-out. Ingabe ngiqinisile ngokuqonda ukuthi uma uthumela impendulo eklayentini, uyavimba uma iklayenti lingafuni ukufunda?

MS: - Cha, asivimbeli. Okokuqala, sinakho konke lokhu ngemuva kwe-nginx, okungukuthi, azikho izinkinga ngamaklayenti ahamba kancane. Okwesibili, iklayenti linesiteshi esine-buffer - empeleni, singafaka izibuyekezo ezifika ekhulwini lapho... Uma singakwazi ukubhalela isiteshi, siyasisusa. Uma sibona ukuthi isiteshi sivinjiwe, sizovele sivale isiteshi, futhi yilokho - iklayenti lizoxhuma kabusha uma kuphakama inkinga. Ngakho-ke, ngokomthetho, akukho ukuvimbela lapha.

B: Akunakwenzeka yini ukuthumela irekhodi ngokushesha kokuthi Lalela/Yazisa, hhayi ithebula lenkomba?

MS: - Lalela/Yazisa inomkhawulo wamabhayithi ayizinkulungwane eziyi-8 ekulayisheni kwangaphambilini okuthumelayo. Empeleni, bekungenzeka ukuthumela uma sibhekene nenani elincane ledatha, kodwa kimi kubonakala sengathi le ndlela [indlela esenza ngayo] ithembeke kakhulu. Imikhawulo iku-Postgres ngokwayo.

B: - Ingabe amakhasimende athola izibuyekezo kumameshi angenantshisekelo kuwo?

MS: - Ngokuvamile, yebo. Njengomthetho, kukhona ukufana okungu-2-3 okwenzeka ngokufana, futhi noma kunjalo kuyaqabukela. Uma iklayenti libukele okuthile, ngokuvamile lisuke libukele umdlalo oqhubekayo. Bese, iklayenti linesizindalwazi sendawo lapho zonke lezi zibuyekezo zengezwa khona, futhi ngisho nangaphandle koxhumano lwe-inthanethi, iklayenti lingakwazi ukubuka konke okufanayo okudlule elinezibuyekezo zakho. Empeleni, sivumelanisa imininingwane yethu egciniwe kuseva nesizindalwazi sendawo seklayenti ukuze likwazi ukusebenza lingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

B: - Kungani wenze i-ORM yakho?

U-Alexey (omunye wabathuthukisi be-Look+): Ngaleso sikhathi (kwakungonyaka odlule) ayemancane ama-ORM kunamanje, lapho esemaningi impela. Into engiyithandayo ngama-ORM amaningi laphaya ukuthi iningi lawo lisebenza ezindaweni ezingenalutho. Okusho ukuthi, izindlela kulawa ma-ORM zilungele ukuthatha noma yini: isakhiwo, isikhombisi sesakhiwo, inombolo, into engabalulekile ngokuphelele...

I-ORM yethu ikhiqiza izakhiwo ezisuselwe kumodeli yedatha. Mina uqobo. Ngakho-ke zonke izindlela zikhonkolo, azisebenzisi ukucabangela, njll. Bamukela izakhiwo futhi balindele ukusebenzisa lezo zakhiwo ezizayo.

B: – Bangaki abantu ababambe iqhaza?

MS: - Esigabeni sokuqala, abantu ababili babambe iqhaza. Saqala endaweni ethile ngoJuni, futhi ngo-August ingxenye eyinhloko isilungile (inguqulo yokuqala). Kwakhishwa ngoSepthemba.

B: - Lapho uchaza i-SSE, awusebenzisi isikhathi sokuvala. Kungani kunjalo?

MS: – Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-SSE iseyiphrothokholi ye-html5: izinga le-SSE lenzelwe ukuxhumana neziphequluli, ngokwazi kwami. Inezici ezengeziwe ukuze iziphequluli zikwazi ukuphinde zixhumeke (kanye nokunye), kodwa asizidingi, ngoba besinamakhasimende angasebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela enengqondo yokuxhuma nokwamukela ulwazi. Asizange senze i-SSE, kodwa kunalokho into efana ne-SSE. Lena akuyona iphrothokholi ngokwayo.
Sasingekho isidingo. Ngokwazi kwami, amaklayenti asebenzise indlela yokuxhuma cishe kusukela ekuqaleni. Babenganandaba ngempela.

B: - Yiziphi izinsiza ezengeziwe ozisebenzisile?

MS: - Sisebenzise kakhulu i-govet ne-golint ukwenza isitayela sibe nobunye, kanye ne-gofmt. Akukho okunye okwasetshenziswa.

B: - Yini oyisebenzise ukulungisa iphutha?

MS: - Ukulungisa iphutha kwenziwa kakhulu kusetshenziswa izivivinyo. Asizange sisebenzise noma iyiphi i-debugger noma i-GOP.

B: – Ungakwazi yini ukubuyisela isilayidi lapho umsebenzi Shicilela wenziwe khona? Ingabe amagama aguquguqukayo anohlamvu olulodwa ayakudida?

MS: - Cha. Banobubanzi "obuncane" bokubonakala. Azisetshenziswa kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwalapha (ngaphandle kwabangaphakathi balesi sigaba), futhi sihlangene kakhulu - sithatha imigqa engu-7 kuphela.

B: - Ngandlela-thile akukacaci ...

MS: - Cha, cha, lena ikhodi yangempela! Akukona ngesitayela. Iwumsebenzi onjalo, isigaba esincane kakhulu - izinkambu ezi-3 kuphela ngaphakathi kwekilasi...

MS: - Ngokuvamile, yonke idatha evumelaniswe namakhasimende (imidlalo yesizini, abadlali) ayishintshi. Uma sikhuluma nje, uma senza omunye umdlalo esidinga ukushintsha kuwo umdlalo, sizovele sicabangele yonke into enguqulweni entsha yeklayenti, futhi izinguqulo ezindala zeklayenti zizovinjelwa.

B: - Ingabe akhona amaphakheji okuphatha ukuncika komuntu wesithathu?

MS: - Sasebenzisa i-go dep.

B: - Kukhona okuthile mayelana nevidiyo esihlokweni sombiko, kodwa kwakungekho lutho embikweni mayelana nevidiyo.

MS: - Cha, anginalutho esihlokweni mayelana nevidiyo. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Bheka+" - lelo igama lohlelo lokusebenza.

B: - Uthe isakazwa kumakhasimende?..

MS: - Besingabandakanyekanga ekusakazeni ividiyo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuphelele yiMegafon. Yebo, angishongo ukuthi isicelo kwakunguMegaFon.

MS: - Hamba - ngokuthumela yonke idatha - kumphumela, emicimbini yomdlalo, izibalo... I-Go yiyona yonke ingemuva yohlelo lokusebenza. Iklayenti kumele lazi lisendaweni ethile ukuthi yisiphi isixhumanisi esingasetshenziselwa umdlali ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukubuka umdlalo. Sinezixhumanisi zamavidiyo nokusakaza ezilungisiwe.

Ezinye izikhangiso 🙂

Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, I-VPS yefu yonjiniyela kusuka ku-$4.99, i-analogue ehlukile yamaseva ezinga lokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: Lonke iqiniso nge-VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps kusuka ku-$19 noma ukwabelana ngeseva? (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).

I-Dell R730xd 2x ishibhile esikhungweni sedatha se-Equinix Tier IV e-Amsterdam? Lapha kuphela 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV kusukela ku-$199 eNetherlands! I-Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - isuka ku-$99! Funda mayelana Indlela yokwakha ingqalasizinda corp. ikilasi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 amaseva abiza u-9000 euros ngepeni?

Source: www.habr.com