Ngo-August 2019, i-Russia, ngokokuqala ngqá emhlabeni (Yebo, kuyiqiniso), yenze iphrojekthi yezentengiselwano yokuphindaphinda okungenantambo kwekhebula le-backbone optical elinomthamo ongu-40 Gbit/s. I-Operator Unity, inkampani ephethwe yi-Norilsk Nickel, isebenzise isiteshi esinjalo ukuze idlulisele phambili isipele esingenantambo esingamakhilomitha angu-11 ngaphesheya kwe-Yenisei.
Ngezikhathi ezithile emaphephandabeni, kuhlanganise naku-Habré, bayavela . Ziyathakazelisa ngokombono wenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa lezi zivivinyo zocwaningo njalo. Futhi nansi iphrojekthi yangempela yezohwebo, hhayi ezimweni zaseSilicon Valley noma eyunivesithi yaseYurophu, kodwa khona kanye e-taiga e-Arctic Circle. Okumangazayo ukuthi yizwe elikhulu nezimo ezinzima zezwe nezesimo sezulu ezenza kube nemibandela yamaphrojekthi anikeza amalabhorethri ocwaningo angcono kakhulu ukuba athole imali yawo.
Umugqa wesikhathi wamarekhodi akamuva angenantambo:
- May 2013, emvamisa yokuhlola engu-240 GHz njengokuhlolwa okuhlanganyelwe kososayensi abavela e-Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Radiometer Physics GmbH kanye ne-Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics. Imvamisa yesiginali ayitholakali ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa.
- May 2016: ebangeni le-70/80 GHz, ithimba elifanayo, kodwa njengokuhlola okusha kumafrikhwensi abekelwe amaphrojekthi okuthengisa,
- November 2016: , isikhungo socwaningo lwe-Facebook Connectivity Lab,
- Januwari 2019, , Isizinda sokuhlola i-Deutsche Telekom kumishini ye-serial Ericsson, ngoMeyi 2019, ukukala izixhumanisi ezifanayo endaweni yokuhlola efanayo kuya kweziyisi-8 zilandelana kwanikeza cishe u-100 Gbit/s,
- August 2019, , opharetha be-Norilsk "Ubumbano" kumishini ye-serial ye-DOK LLC (St. Petersburg).
Eqinisweni, bekungeke kube khona irekhodi lokuxhumana okungenantambo e-Arctic Circle ukube bekungengenxa yeqhwa e-Yenisei. Isizinda sephrojekthi simi kanje - ngonyaka ka-2017, ngemuva kokuthi abaqhubi be-Big Three benqabile ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana bebheke eTaimyr, inkampani ye-PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, isebenzisa imali yayo, yakha ubude obukhulu (956 km) i-fiber-optic. umgogodla (FOCL) ukusuka ku-Novy Urengy kuya e-Norilsk enamandla angu-40 Gbit/s. Lona umzila onzima ngempela, odlula endaweni enzima, futhi abakhi bawo bathola imiklomelo kahulumeni ngalo msebenzi.
Enye yezinkinga zokusebenza kwaba ukudlula kwekhebula le-fiber optic engu-40-gigabit ngaphesheya kweYenisei ngaphandle kwamabhuloho; kwanqunywa ukuthi ihambe phansi komfula, futhi ukuze kube nokwethembeka, kwabekwa izintambo eziningana. Kodwa i-ice drift iyonakalisa kalula i-optics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ice drift ku-Yenisei akuyona umcimbi wosuku olulodwa, futhi akukho msebenzi wokulungisa emanzini ovunyelwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonke ngenxa yengozi enkulu kubantu.
Ngaphezu kwezintambo ezengeziwe ezansi kwe-Yenisei, umzila uxhaswe yisiteshi somsakazo esingenantambo semibhoshongo yezokuxhumana engu-1 Gbit/cc ezinhlangothini zombili zomfula, e-Igarka nasedolobhaneni lasePriluki (lesi siteshi somsakazo siyabonakala. esithombeni esiphezulu - isidlo esikhulu). Kodwa yini i-1 Gbit / s ukuhlinzeka yonke isifunda sezimboni saseNorilsk uma kwenzeka umonakalo kuma-optics ... - izinyembezi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasekwindla-ebusika ka-2018-2019, i-Norilsk operator Unity, ingxenye yesakhiwo se-PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, yaqala umsebenzi wokuklama ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi esingenantambo ngaphesheya kwe-Yenisei esinamandla angekho ngaphansi kwe-fiber- umugqa we-optic.
Okwamangaza ochwepheshe be-Unity, akukho neyodwa inkampani yezokuxhumana emhlabeni eyamukele iziphakamiso zokuhlinzeka ngemishini yesiteshi esingenazintambo esingu-40-gigabit ebangeni elingu-11 km. Futhi iphuzu lapha liyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yomthamo wesiteshi esiphezulu kanye nobubanzi. Imishini yeserial yesimanje enamandla angu-10 Gbit/s noma ngaphezulu ebangeni le-70/80 GHz inesici esifana nebanga elilinganiselwe kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngezikimu zokufaka ikhodi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-QAM128 noma i-QAM256 - futhi yizo kuphela ezingahlinzeka ngokuphuma kwe-10 Gbit / s noma ngaphezulu - kunzima ukunikeza noma yimaphi amandla abalulekile okudlulisela. Imizila ye-3-5 km ilula, kodwa ku-11 km ukuncishiswa kwesignali kuba kukhulu ngokweqile futhi akukho uxhumano olusezingeni le-10GE olungatholakala.
Inselele yamukelwe ngunjiniyela wasekhaya ovela eSt. . Wayesewakha amabhuloho omsakazo anikeza uhla oludingekayo. Futhi ngaphambi kwale phrojekthi, bahlole isiteshi esingu-40 Gbit/s ngendlela yamabhuloho omsakazo angu-4 Gbit/s abasebenza ngokuhlanganyela endaweni yabo yokuhlola engu-10 km, futhi babeqiniseka ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuthola umthamo onjalo. Kodwa empeleni, akekho embonini yezokuxhumana oke wazama ukuhlanganisa amabhuloho ama-radio asebenzayo angu-4 afanayo angu-4 Gbit/s ebangeni elingu-10 km.
Ngemva kokuthola ukwenqatshwa kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba wonke, ikhasimende, elimelwe yi-Edinstvo LLC, lalingenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi imishini yasekhaya izobhekana nephrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuthi ekuqaleni kufakwe ibhuloho elilodwa kuphela lomsakazo we-10 Gbit/s endaweni eyi-11 km njengesiteji sokuhlola. Futhi uma izibonakalisa kahle, bese ukala umsebenzi kumabhuloho omsakazo asebenzayo angu-4.
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, akudingekile neze ukudlulisa u-40 Gbit/s esiteshini esisodwa, emoyeni naphezu kwentambo yokubona. Kulula kakhulu ukudlulisa idatha “ngemicu” eminingi efana ne-10 Gbit/s. Imishini yenethiwekhi ye-10GE ishibhile futhi ifinyeleleka kakhulu kunokushintsha kwe-40GE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "imicu" ehambisanayo inikeza ukwethembeka okukhulu kuso sonke isiteshi.
Kodwa kube nenkinga yokuthi, ngokungafani nekhebula le-optical, lapho isignali ehambisana nemicu ehambisanayo ingaphazamisi nganoma iyiphi indlela, iziteshi zomsakazo zithola ukuphazamiseka okuhlangene, kuze kufike ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kokuxhumana. Lokhu kusetshenzwa ngokusebenzisa i-polarization ehlukene yesiginali nokusabalalisa amasignali ngobuningi. Kodwa lokhu kulula ukukusho, kunzima kakhulu ukukusebenzisa "ku-hardware". Ithimba lase-St. Petersburg lenze ukujikeleza lisebenzisa ama-microwave microcircuits amakhulu (i-MMIC, i-Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) esekelwe ku-gallium arsenide futhi beliqiniseka ngesixazululo salo sokujikeleza.
“Amabhuloho erediyo esimanje esezingeni le-10GE emhlabeni wonke enziwa kusetshenziswa ama-microwave chips. Kule ndawo, akusizi ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe okuqondile, lapho zonke izinqubo zobuchwepheshe zenziwa enkampanini eyodwa - kusukela ekuqhumeni ama-chips e-microwave kuya ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye zibe umkhiqizo ophelile. Lokhu kucishe kufane nokuthi zingaki izinkampani ezenza amabhodi ekhompyutha asuselwa kuma-chips avela ku-Intel ne-AMD. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namabhodi e-PC akhiqizwe ngobuningi, ukusetha ama-chips e-microwave, kamuva ukukhulisa isignali futhi ukuphakela i-antenna kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, futhi lokhu, empeleni, kuyisihloko se-Know-How yenkampani, "kuphawula uValery Salomatov, iphrojekthi. umphathi DOK LLC.
Imodeli yebhuloho lomsakazo elingu-10 Gbit/s i-PPC-10G-E-HP yasebenza ngempumelelo emibhoshongweni osebeni lwaseYenisei izinyanga ezimbalwa (May-June 2019). Izimvula zasehlobo isikhathi esinzima kakhulu kwezokuxhumana ngomsakazo we-millimeter-wave, ngoba... amaconsi emvula afana nobude begagasi (cishe u-4 mm), okubangela ukuncipha kwesignali. Ebusika le nkinga ayenzeki, ngoba... amakhekheba eqhwa, kanye nenkungu nentuthu, irediyo ibonakalisa ngale ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo ebangeni elingu-70/80 GHz.
Ibhuloho lomsakazo elingu-10 Gbit/s elivela ku-DOK LLC libhekane nezimo zezulu nebanga, okwathi ngemva kwalokho, ngokusekelwe kwizibalo zokutholakala kolayini wokuxhumana, u-opharetha we-Unity wanquma ukukala eziteshini ezingenazintambo ezingu-4 ezifanayo ezinomthamo we-10GE ngayinye. Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngochwepheshe benkampani yakwa-Edinstvo, abazitholele ngokuzimela ubunkimbinkimbi bokusetha ngokuya ngemiyalo yemishini. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2019, ibhuloho lomsakazo
I-40 Gbit/s (4x 10 Gbit/s) nge-Yenisei yamukelwe ukuze isebenze phambi kwethimba eliqondisayo lokufakwa kwenkampani ye-DOK.
Source: www.habr.com