Nakhu ukubuyekezwa okuchemile, okuwubuwula nokungewona okobuchwepheshe kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ubuntu Linux 20.04 kanye nezinhlobo zalo ezinhlanu ezisemthethweni. Uma ungathanda izinguqulo ze-kernel, i-glibc, i-snapd kanye nokuba khona kweseshini yokuhlola ye-wayland, lena akuyona indawo yakho. Uma kungokokuqala ngqa ukuzwa nge-Linux futhi unentshisekelo yokuqonda ukuthi umuntu oseneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili esebenzisa Ubuntu ucabanga kanjani ngakho, khona-ke lena yindawo yakho. Uma ufuna ukubuka into engeyona inkimbinkimbi, ehlekisayo futhi enezithombe, nansi indawo yakho. Uma kubonakala kuwe ukuthi kunokuningi okungalungile, ukushiywa kanye nokuhlanekezela ngaphansi kokusikwa futhi kukhona ukuntuleka okuphelele kwe-logic - mhlawumbe lokhu kunjalo, kodwa lokhu kungukubuyekezwa okungezona ezobuchwepheshe nokuchema.
Okokuqala, isingeniso esifushane sesihloko. Amasistimu okusebenza atholakalayo: , kanye ne-Linux. Wonke umuntu uzwile ngeWindows, futhi wonke umuntu uyisebenzise. Cishe wonke umuntu uke wezwa ngeMakosi, kodwa akubona bonke abake bayisebenzisa. Akuwona wonke umuntu oke wezwa nge-Linux, futhi yilabo kuphela abanesibindi nabanesibindi abayisebenzise.
KunamaLinux amaningi. IWindows iyisistimu eyodwa, iMacOS nayo ingenye. Vele, banezinguqulo: eziyisikhombisa, eziyisishiyagalombili, eziyishumi noma i-High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina. Kodwa empeleni, lolu uhlelo olulodwa, olwenziwa ngokungaguquki yinkampani eyodwa. Kunamakhulu ama-Linux, futhi enziwa abantu abahlukene nezinkampani.
Kungani kunamaLinux amaningi kangaka? I-Linux ngokwayo ayiyona isistimu yokusebenza, kodwa i-kernel, okungukuthi, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-kernel, akukho lutho olusebenzayo, kodwa i-kernel ngokwayo ayisebenzi kangako kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Udinga ukungeza inqwaba yezinye izingxenye ku-kernel, futhi ukuze konke lokhu kube namafasitela amahle, izithonjana nezithombe kudeskithophu, udinga futhi ukudonsa okuthiwa. igobolondo lokuqhafaza. Ingqikithi yenziwa abanye abantu, izingxenye ezengeziwe ngabanye abantu, kanye negobolondo lesithombe ngabanye. Ziningi izingxenye namagobolondo, futhi zingaxutshwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela abantu besine abahlanganisa yonke into futhi balungiselele uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo ngendlela evamile. Ngamanye amazwi - ikhithi yokusabalalisa I-Linux. Umuntu oyedwa angenza ikhithi yokusabalalisa, ngakho-ke maningi amakhithi okusabalalisa. Ngendlela, "izinhlelo zokusebenza zaseRussia" ziyi-Linux ukusatshalaliswa, futhi kusukela eRussia kukhona amaphephadonga wedeskithophu ayisicefe kuphela, izinhlelo ezihlukene, kanye namathuluzi aqinisekisiwe okusebenza nezimfihlo zombuso nolunye ulwazi oluyimfihlo.
Njengoba kunokusatshalaliswa okuningi, kunzima ukukhetha, futhi lokhu kuba elinye ikhanda kunoma ngubani othathe isinqumo sokubeka engcupheni futhi esazama ukushiya iWindows (noma iMacOS). Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiqiniso, ezinkingeni eziningi zokunqanda okufana nokuthi: "oh, i-Linux inzima," "eyabahleli bohlelo," "Ngeke ngiphumelele," "Ngiyesaba umugqa womyalo." Futhi, njengenjwayelo, abathuthukisi nabasebenzisi bokusabalalisa okuhlukene bahlala bephikisana ngokuthi i-Linux kabani epholile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux kulwa ngobumbene ngokumelene ne-Microsoft's hegemony. Umbhali wesithombe sokuqala ngu-S. Yolkin, futhi izakhi ezingekho zaqedwa ngumlobi we-athikili
Nganquma ukubuyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza kukhompyutha yami futhi ngaqala ukukhetha. Ngesinye isikhathi ngangizijabulisa kanje - ngalanda ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux futhi ngakuvivinya. Kodwa lokho kwakukudala kakhulu. I-Linux isishintshile kusukela lapho, ngakho-ke ngeke kube buhlungu ukuhlola futhi.
Emakhulwini ambalwa, ngathatha eziyisithupha. Konke kuyinhlobonhlobo . Ubuntu bungenye yokusabalalisa okudume kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, benza inqwaba yokunye ukusatshalaliswa (yebo, yebo, futhi baphindaphindeka kanje: kusuka ku-Linux enye kuqoqwe omunye, ngesisekelo sayo - okwesithathu, bese kuba okwesine, njalo njalo kuze kungasekho okusha. amaphephadonga wedeskithophu). Ngisebenzise okunye kwalokhu kusatshalaliswa kokuphuma kokunye (ngendlela, isiRashiya - ebizwa), ngakho ngaqala ukuhlola Ubuntu nezinhlobo zabo ezisemthethweni. Isikhombisa. Kulezi eziyisikhombisa, awudingi ukubuka ezimbili, ngoba eyodwa yazo , futhi omunye for . Ake sibheke ezinhlanu ezisele kanye nezakuqala. Yiqiniso, i-subjective kakhulu futhi inenqwaba yamazwana ahlobene.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu ngowokuqala. Nge-slang - “vanilla Ubuntu”, kusuka i-vanilla - ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izici ezikhethekile. Ukusabalalisa okuyisihlanu okusele kusekelwe kuyo futhi kuhluke kuphela kugobolondo lesithombe: ideskithophu, amawindi, iphaneli nezinkinobho. Ubuntu ngokwayo bubukeka njenge-MacOS, iphaneli kuphela engekho phansi, kodwa kwesokunxele (kodwa ungayihambisa phansi). Ukuthi yonke into ingesiNgisi - benginqena ukuyishintsha; empeleni, kukhona nesiRashiya lapho.
Ubuntu ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqalisa
Ikati elidubula ngamehlo alo empeleni . Ifana namakati, kodwa empeleni ingeyomndeni ohlukile. Uhlala eMadagascar. Inguqulo ngayinye ye-Ubuntu inegama layo lekhodi: isilwane nohlobo oluthile lwesiphawulo. Inguqulo engu-20.04 ibizwa ngokuthi i-Focal Fossa. I-focal igxile ngomqondo "wendawo emaphakathi", futhi i-Fossa ikhumbuza futhi - Isoftware yamahhala nevulekile, isoftware yomthombo ovulekile yamahhala. Ngakho esithombeni iFossa igxile kokuthile.
Uma uthi nhlá umbono muhle, kodwa wonakala lapho uqala ukusebenza. Uma ungaboni iphaneli evamile namafasitela avuliwe, njengaku-Windows, khona-ke konke kulungile: alikho iphaneli elinjalo. Futhi kukhona izithonjana zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezigqanyisiwe, futhi enye into - Imisebenzi, efana nohlu lwezinhlelo ezivulekile ku-Android.
Sifunda ukushintsha phakathi kwamafasitela ku-Ubuntu: hudula igundane uye ku-Imisebenzi, chofoza, khomba efasiteleni, chofoza futhi. Niyabona ukuthi kulula kangakanani?
Kubukeka kuhlaba umxhwele, ikakhulukazi ngokugqwayiza okuhle okubushelelezi, kodwa mayelana nokunethezeka akukuhle kakhulu. Kungaba kuhle uma engangingakwenza ukulalela umculo nokubuka amafilimu ngaphandle kokushiya isiphequluli - kodwa ngidinga ukushintsha njalo phakathi kwezinhlelo, futhi amawindi angu-10 avuleke ngesikhathi esifanayo akuvamile. Manje ake sicabange: ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho udinga ukuhudula igundane ndawana thize, chofoza okuthize, ulidonsele kwenye indawo futhi (bese ucinga iwindi olifunayo hhayi ngesihloko, kodwa ngesithombe esincane), chofoza futhi... Ngokuvamile, ngemva ihora uzofuna ngokushesha ukusilahla lesi simiso futhi ungaphinde ubuyele kuso. Ungakwazi, vele, usebenzise i-Alt-Tabs ukushintsha amafasitela, kodwa lokhu futhi kuyiqhinga.
Ngendlela, kubukeka njenge-Android ngesizathu. Ngo-2011, abanye abantu abahlakaniphile abenza , yabona i-iPad futhi yacabanga: “Leli yikusasa. Masenze isixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze sifane nesika-Apple futhi ukuze sisetshenziswe kuthebhulethi. Khona-ke wonke amaphilisi azoba negobolondo lethu lokuqhafaza, sikushokoledi, futhi " Ngenxa yalokho, amaphilisi e-Android ane-I-Axis, ngisho ne-Microsoft ishiye lapho. IWindows iyaphila futhi iyaphila, kodwa isikhombimsebenzisi esijwayelekile se-Ubuntu sicinyiwe. Futhi, kunjalo, abathanda ngokweqile kuphela abasebenzisa Ubuntu kumaphilisi (ngizosho khona manjalo - angizange ngizame nokuzama). Mhlawumbe sidinga ukubuyisela konke emuva, kodwa eminyakeni eyishumi umzamo omkhulu kanye nemali itshalwe kulesi sikhombimsebenzisi esiqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa. Hhayi-ke ngizothini... Okungenani usemuhle. Ngokuqondene nokusebenziseka kalula, kubukeka sengathi ungafaka ezinye izengezo ezizobuyisela iphaneli elijwayelekile elinamafasitela. Kodwa angifuni ngempela ukuzama ngazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho ngiphinde ngahamba ngayobheka ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza - Ubunta udla igigabhayithi ye-RAM ngokushesha ngemva kokuqalisa. Kucishe kufane neWindows. Cha ngiyabonga. Okunye kubonakala kuwuhlelo olujwayelekile.
Kubunta
Uma Ubuntu bubukeka njenge-MacOS, ke - ku-Windu. Zibonele.
Kubunta ngokushesha ngemva kokulayisha. Igama lekhodi futhi yi-Focal Fossa, kodwa isithombe sihlukile
Lapha, ngenhlanhla, ayikho imizamo yokwenza uhlelo lwethebhulethi, kodwa kunomzamo wokudala indawo evamile yokusebenza yekhompiyutha yedeskithophu. Indawo yedeskithophu ibizwa nge-KDE - ungabuzi ukuthi imeleni. Ngolimi olujwayelekile - "amateki". Ngakho-ke u-“K” egameni lesistimu yokusebenza. Ngokuvamile bathanda uhlamvu “K”: uma lusebenza, bafaka igama lohlelo ekuqaleni; uma lungasebenzi, akunandaba, bayalungeza ekugcineni kwegama. Okungenani bazoyidweba ebhejini.
Ingabe ikukhumbuza ngempela Windu?
Uhlelo lombala lufana "neshumi", futhi ngisho ne "ding" lapho isaziso sivela sifana ncamashi ... Ngokwethembeka, hhayi i-Kubunta, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-Windubunta. Umzamo “wokugunda” ngaphansi kweWindows uya kude kangangokuthi ungakwazi nokumisa izinkinobho njengaku-Windows - nokho, ngesizathu esithile, njengaku-Windows 95 (bheka isithombe-skrini kuzilungiselelo ngezansi kwesokunxele). Yiqiniso, uhlelo "lungashintshwa", ngoba yonke into e-Linux ingenziwa ngokwezifiso, futhi ngeke isabukeka njenge-Windows, kodwa usadinga ukuhlolisisa izilungiselelo. Yebo, uma kwenzeka: uma uvula amawindi nezinkinobho kusuka ku-95, uhlelo lusazodla izinsiza njengango-2020. Yiqiniso, kunesizotha kulokhu: inkumbulo engu-400 MB ngemva kokulayisha cishe ayilutho. Bengingakulindele. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu aphikelelayo okuthi "amateki" ayehamba kancane futhi elambile amandla. Kodwa kubonakala kungenjalo. Uma kungenjalo, i-Ubunta efanayo, ngoba ngokobuchwepheshe isistimu efanayo. Mhlawumbe ezinye izinhlelo zihlukile, kodwa iFirefox neLibra Office nazo zikhona.
Ubunta Mate
kuwumzamo wokudala kabusha Ubuntu njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambi kuka-2011. Okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho owokuqala enquma ukwenza uhlelo lwamaphilisi futhi enze lokho engikubonise ngenhla. Khona-ke abanye abantu abahlakaniphile abangafuni ukuyeka bathatha ikhodi yegobolondo elidala lesithombe futhi baqala ukulicwenga nokulisekela. Ngikhumbula kahle ukuthi ngabe sengibuka umsebenzi wabo njengemizamo yokudala ama-zombies ngase ngicabanga: “Hhayi-ke, kulungile, iphrojekthi ngokusobala ayinakwenzeka, izozungeza iminyaka embalwa bese ivala.” Kodwa nansi - isiphile futhi inempilo cishe iminyaka eyishumi, ifakwe ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezisemthethweni zobuntu. Kuyenzeka. Noma kunjalo, ukulangazelela kwabantu okwakudala akunakuqedwa.
Yebo, yebo, kukhona amaphaneli amabili! Uma kukhona, amaphaneli yile mithende emibili empunga phezulu nangaphansi
I-Mate ngu-MATE, igama laleli goli lesithombe esiluhlaza. Umngane ukhona , isitshalo esinjalo saseNingizimu Melika, yingakho siluhlaza. Futhi umngane womshado naye ungumngane, ngakho basikisela “ubungani”. Umngane womshado akabukeki njengento nhlobo - uWindu noma uMaKos. Kubukeka sengathi uqobo, noma kunalokho, njengombono wangempela ovela ku-Linux yama-90s no-XNUMXs: ukungenzi iphaneli elilodwa elinamafasitela nezithonjana, kodwa amabili: elinye elinamafasitela, elinye elinezithonjana. Awu, kulungile, kwasebenza. Ngendlela, ungabona onxande abane ngaphezulu ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla - lesi isishintshi sedeskithophu. Ku-Windows, into enjalo isanda kuvela, ku-Linux ibilokhu ikhona kusukela kudala. Njengokuthi, ungavula okuthile kwebhizinisi kudeskithophu eyodwa, bese ushintshela kudeskithophu elandelayo bese uhlala ku-VKontakte lapho. Yiqiniso, cishe angikaze ngisebenzise ideskithophu engaphezu kweyodwa.
Uma uvula amawindi amaningi, izobukeka kanje
Uma kungenjalo, i-Ubuntu efanayo, futhi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nesivinini - njengokuqala. Iphinde idle kalula i-gigabyte yenkumbulo ngemuva kokulayisha. Angicabangi ukuthi ngiyaxolisa, kodwa kusacasula ngandlela thize.
Ubunta-Baji
wenza okungenakwenzeka: ukufana kakhulu noMaKos kunoBuntu. Igama elithi Badji , uma kwenzeka nje. Nakuba mhlawumbe uziqagele ngokwakho.
IMacOS yamahhala Ubuntu-Badji ngokushesha ngemuva kokuyilanda
Ngiyachaza ukuthi lesi simangaliso savela kanjani. Ngenkathi ngo-2011 abanye abantu abahlakaniphile benquma ukwenza Ubuntu bethebhulethi... yebo, yebo, yilapho konke kwaqala khona :) Ngakho, ngenkathi abanye ababengavumelani bazama ukudala ama-zombies (njengoba kwavela, ngempumelelo kakhulu), abanye banquma. ukudala esikhundleni sama-Zombies Ngokuyisisekelo Umuntu Omusha uzoba negobolondo elisha lokuqhafaza, okuthi ngokuya ngokusebenziseka kalula licishe lifane nendala futhi ngaphandle kokuthi lenzelwe amaphilisi, kodwa konke kuzoba kuhle, kube nemfashini, futhi kubuchwepheshe. ethuthukisiwe. Senza futhi sathola okufanayo noMaKos. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abadali bobuntu bokuqala nabo benza futhi benza futhi bathola into efanayo ne-MaKos. Kodwa i-Badji, ngokubona kwami, ifana kancane: ngemva kwakho konke, iphaneli enezithonjana ilungile ngezansi, hhayi eceleni. Lokhu, nokho, akukwenzi kube lula kakhulu: ngendlela efanayo, angiqondi ukuthi ngishintsha kanjani phakathi kwamafasitela, angizange ngiqonde ngokushesha ukuthi kufanele ngichofoze kuphi.
Mhlawumbe ubona inhlansi encane kanjalo, encane ngaphansi kwesithonjana esifanele? Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo luyasebenza
Ngokuvamile, mayelana nokusebenziseka kalula nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kuhluke kancane kokwasekuqaleni - i-gigabyte efanayo, njengoba ubona, nezinkinga ezifanayo "ngokudela ukunethezeka ngenxa yobuhle." Futhi, lolu hlelo kufanele lube nenkinga eyodwa ngaphezulu: I-Baji iseyinto ethandwa kancane kuno-Ubuntu, ngakho-ke amathuba okuthi ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ngendlela oyithandayo futhi ilungiswe uma kukhona okungahambi kahle mancane kakhulu .
Lubunta
- Lona Ubuntu wamakhompyutha ampofu anamandla amancane. "L" kusho engasindi, okungukuthi, engasindi. Hhayi-ke, bengingeke ngibize i-400 MB ye-RAM ngemuva kokuqalisa "i-lightweight" ngokuphelele, kodwa kulungile, ake sikuthathele izwi lethu ngakho.
Ilayishiwe, yathatha isithombe ozishuthe sona...
Futhi kufana ne-Windu nama-sneakers, ngokulandelana. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi ama-sneakers asekelwe kubuchwepheshe obufanayo (ngeke ngingene emininingwaneni, kodwa ungakwazi i-google "Qt"). Kuliqiniso, ukuze udale into eshesha kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo (yize ingazange isebenze “ngokubi kancane”, uma sibheka ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo), bekumele simiselele inqwaba yezinhlelo nezingxenye ngokufana kwazo. , ezibonakala zilula futhi ngenxa yalokho zisebenza ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwavela ukuthi kulungile, kodwa mayelana nokuvela okubukwayo, kwakungekuhle kakhulu.
Amawindi esikole esidala ngendlela yeWindows 95. Eqinisweni, ungenza abahle kakhulu, kodwa kuthatha ukuthinta kancane
Zubunta
- Lena enye inguqulo "elula" ye-Ubuntu, kodwa enenye igobolondo lesithombe. Igobolondo lesithombe libizwa ngokuthi i-Xfce (ex-f-si-i!), futhi ngezinye izikhathi babhala ukuthi leli ngelinye lamagama amabi kakhulu ku-Linux. Ku-slang - "igundane", ngoba yilokho uphawu lwalo.
Ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele ungabona isithonjana esinobuso begundane - lena ilogo yegobolondo lesithombe. Yebo, futhi ngezinkanyezi kwesokudla, kubukeka sengathi nazo zidwebe ubuso
Mayelana nokubukeka, kuyinto ephakathi kweWindows, MacOS kanye nenguqulo yokuqala. Eqinisweni, isokhethi ingathunyelwa kalula phansi, futhi izoba njengeWindows. Mayelana nokusebenza kahle ngokwezinsiza, kufana ne-Lubunta. Sekukonke, lokhu empeleni kuwuhlelo oluhle, oluklanywe ngesitayela sakudala - hhayi imfashini ephezulu, kepha ilungele umsebenzi.
okutholakele
Azikho iziphetho. Ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile. Futhi kunama-nuances amaningi angaphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe futhi ancike ekutheni ubani ozosebenzisa yiziphi izinhlelo nokuthi zingakanani ukulunywa ukumba ngaphansi kwe-hood yesistimu, okungukuthi, kuzilungiselelo. Isilinganiso sami somuntu siqu cishe yilesi.
- Kubunta
- Zubunta
- Ubuntu
- Ubunta Mate
- Ubunta-Baji
- Lubunta
Uma uzama kabuhlungu ukuxhuma isilinganiso esinjalo nokuqukethwe kwesihloko futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kunjalo, ungazami. Uma ungaboni logic, yebo, konke kulungile, cishe akukho lapho. Njengoba ngisho, kuyindaba yokunambitha. Khumbula isithombe mayelana neVendecapian kusukela ekuqaleni kwesihloko.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi kunamakhulu okusatshalaliswa kweLinux. Ngakho mhlawumbe isiphetho “akubona Ubuntu nhlobo, kuphela ".
Source: www.habr.com