Ulwazi Lwami kanye Namathiphu Okuphumelela Ukuhlolwa Konjiniyela Wesicelo Se-Kubernetes (CKAD) Esiqinisekisiwe

Muva nje, ngiphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) futhi ngathola nesitifiketi sami. Namuhla ngifuna ukukhuluma ngenqubo yesitifiketi ngokwayo nokuthi ngiyilungiselele kanjani. Kube yinto ethokozisayo kimina ukwenza ukuhlolwa ku-inthanethi ngaphansi kokugadwa eduze komhloli. Ngeke kube khona ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olubalulekile lapha; i-athikili ilandisa ngokwemvelo. Futhi, angizange ngibe nesizinda esiningi sokusebenza noKubernetes futhi angizange ngibe nokuqeqeshwa okuhlangene nozakwethu; Ngafunda futhi ngaziqeqesha ngesikhathi sami sokuphumula.

Ngisemncane kakhulu emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, kodwa ngabona ngokushesha ukuthi ngaphandle kolwazi okungenani oluyisisekelo lwe-Docker ne-K8s ngeke ufike kude. Ukuthatha lesi sifundo nokulungiselela lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwabonakala njengendawo enhle yokungena emhlabeni weziqukathi nokucula kwazo.

Uma usacabanga ukuthi i-Kubernetes iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi akuyona eyakho, sicela ulandele ikati.

Kuyini?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesitifiketi se-Kubernetes esivela ku-Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF):

• I-Kubernetes Application Developer Eqinisekisiwe (i-CKAD) - ihlola ikhono lokuklama, ukudala, ukulungisa nokushicilela izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zamafu ze-Kubernetes. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha amahora ama-2, imisebenzi eyi-19, ukuphasa amaphuzu angama-66%. Idinga ulwazi olukha phezulu kakhulu lwama-primitives ayisisekelo. Ibiza u-$300.
• I-Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) eqinisekisiwe ihlola amakhono, ulwazi, nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yabaphathi be-Kubernetes. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha amahora ama-3, imisebenzi engama-24, ukuphasa amaphuzu angama-74%. Kudingeka ulwazi oluningilizayo lokwakha nokulungisa amasistimu. Izindleko nazo zingama-$300.

Izinhlelo zesitifiketi ze-CKAD ne-CKA zathuthukiswa yi-Cloud Native Computing Foundation ukuze kunwetshwe i-ecosystem ye-Kubernetes ngokuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile nesitifiketi. Lesi sikhwama sidalwe i-Google ngokubambisana ne-Linux Foundation, lapho uKubernetes yake yadluliselwa khona njengomnikelo wokuqala wezobuchwepheshe futhi osekelwa izinkampani ezifana ne-Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, Cisco, Intel, Red Hat nezinye eziningi (c) Wiki

Ngamafuphi, lezi izivivinyo ezivela "enhlangano enkulu" ku-Kubernetes. Yiqiniso, kukhona izitifiketi ezivela kwezinye izinkampani.

Kungani?

Cishe leli yiphuzu eliphikisana kakhulu kulo mbono wonke. Angifuni ukuqala i-holivar mayelana nesidingo sezitifiketi, ngifuna nje ukukholelwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwesitifiketi kuzoba nomthelela omuhle enanini lami emakethe yezabasebenzi. Yonke into i-subjective - ngeke wazi ukuthi yikuphi okuzoba yinguquko esinqumweni sokukuqasha.

I-PS: Angiwufuni umsebenzi, manje ngijabule ngakho konke ... kahle, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe ngokuthuthela kwenye indawo e-USA.

Training

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CKAD kunemibuzo eyi-19, ehlukaniswe yaba izihloko kanje:

• I-13% - Imiqondo eyinhloko
• 18% - Ukucushwa
• 10% - Iziqukathi eziningi
• 18% - Ukuqaphela
• 20% - Idizayini yePod
• 13% – Amasevisi Nokuxhumana
• 8% - Ukuphikelela koMbuso

Emsamo we-Udemy kukhona nje inkambo enhle evela eNdiya eyodwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Mumshad Mannambeth (isixhumanisi sizoba sekupheleni kwesihloko). Izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ngempela ngentengo encane. Okuhle kakhulu ukuthi njengoba isifundo siqhubeka, uzocelwa ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezingokoqobo endaweni yokuhlola, ngakho uzothuthukisa ikhono lokusebenza kukhonsoli.

Ngasiqeda sonke isifundo futhi ngaqeda zonke izivivinyo ezingokoqobo (hhayi ngaphandle kokuthi, vele, ngilunguze izimpendulo), futhi ngaphambi nje kokuhlolwa ngaphinde ngabuka zonke izinkulumo ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ngenza kabusha izivivinyo ezimbili zokugcina. Kwangithatha cishe inyanga ngesivinini esizolile. Lokhu kwaziswa kwakwanele ukuba ngiphumelele ukuhlolwa ngokuzethemba ngamaphuzu angama-91%. Ngenze iphutha endaweni ethile emsebenzini owodwa (i-NodePort ayizange isebenze), futhi imizuzu embalwa yayinganele ukuqedela omunye umsebenzi ngokuxhuma i-ConfigMap kusuka kufayela, nakuba ngangisazi isixazululo.

Injani isivivinyo

Ukuhlolwa kwenzeka esipheqululini, ikhamera yewebhu ivuliwe futhi isikrini sabiwe. Imithetho yokuhlolwa idinga ukuthi kungabi khona abantu abangabazi ekamelweni. Ngasibhala isivivinyo lapho izwe lase lisungule umthetho wokuzihlukanisa, ngakho kwakubalulekile kimina ukuba ngithole isikhathi sokuthula ukuze umkami angangeni ekamelweni noma ingane ikhale. Ngakhetha ebusuku kakhulu, njengoba isikhathi sitholakala ukuze sivumelane nakho konke ukunambitheka.

Ekuqaleni, umhloli udinga ukuthi ubonise i-ID yakho Eyisisekelo equkethe isithombe negama eliphelele (ngesiLatini) - kimina kwakuyipasipoti yangaphandle, futhi ufake ikhamera yewebhu kudeskithophu kanye negumbi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi akukho. izinto zangaphandle.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kuvunyelwe ukugcina enye ithebhu yesiphequluli ivuliwe ngesinye sezisetshenziswa:https://kubernetes.io/docs/,https://github.com/kubernetes/noma https://kubernetes.io/blog/. Nganginale mibhalo, yayanele.

Efasiteleni elikhulu, ngaphezu kombhalo wemisebenzi, ukuphela kanye nengxoxo nomhloli, kukhona futhi iwindi lamanothi lapho ungakopisha khona amagama abalulekile noma imiyalo - lokhu kufike izikhathi ezimbalwa.

Amathiphu

1. Sebenzisa iziteketiso ukuze wonge isikhathi. Nakhu engikusebenzisile:

   export ns=default # переменная для нэймспейса
   alias ku='kubectl' # укорачиваем основную команду
   alias kun='ku -n=$ns' # kubectl + namespace
   alias kudr='kun --dry-run -o=yaml' # очень нужные флаги, чтобы генерить yaml описание для объекта

2. Khumbula inhlanganisela yefulegi yomyalo runukukhiqiza ngokushesha i-yaml yezinto ezahlukahlukene - i-pod/deploy/job/cronjob (nakuba kungenasidingo nhlobo ukuzikhumbula, ungavele ubheke usizo ngefulegi -h):

   kudr run pod1 --image=nginx --restart=Never > pod1.yaml
   kudr run deploy1 --image=nginx > deploy1.yaml
   kudr run job1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure > job1.yaml
   kudr run cronjob1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure --schedule="*/1 * * * * " > cronjob1.yaml

3. Sebenzisa amagama wezisetshenziswa ezifushanisiwe:

   ku get ns # вместо namespaces
   ku get deploy # вместо deployments
   ku get pv # вместо persistentvolumes
   ku get pvc # вместо persistentvolumeclaims
   ku get svc # вместо services
   # и т.д., полный список можно подсмотреть по команде: 
   kubectl api-resources

4. Beka kahle isikhathi sokuqeda yonke imisebenzi, ungabambeki entweni eyodwa, weqa imibuzo bese uqhubekela phambili. Ekuqaleni, ngangicabanga ukuthi ngizoqeda izabelo ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngisheshe ngiqede ukuhlolwa, kodwa ekugcineni angibanga naso isikhathi sokuqeda izabelo ezimbili. Eqinisweni, isikhathi sokuhlolwa sabelwe emuva, futhi wonke amahora ama-2 adlula ngokushuba.
5. Ungakhohlwa ukushintsha umongo - ekuqaleni komsebenzi ngamunye, kunikezwa umyalo wokushintsha ukuze usebenze kuqoqo olufunayo.
   Futhi bheka indawo yamagama. Ngalokhu ngisebenzise enye i-hack:

   alias kun='echo namespace=$ns && ku -n=$ns' # при выполнении каждой команды первой строкой у меня выводился текущий нэймспейс

6. Ungajahi ukukhokhela isitifiketi, linda izaphulelo. Umbhali wesifundo uvame ukuthumela amakhodi okukhangisa ngezaphulelo ezingu-20-30% nge-imeyili.
7. Ekugcineni funda vim :)

Izinkomba:

1. www.cncf.io/certification/ckad — ikhasi lesitifiketi ngokwalo
2. www.udemy.com/course/certified-kubernetes-application-developer - inkambo enhle kakhulu yokulungiselela, yonke into icacile futhi inemifanekiso
3. github.com/lucassa/CKAD-resources - izixhumanisi eziwusizo namanothi mayelana nokuhlolwa
4. habr.com/ru/company/flant/blog/425683 — indaba evela kozakwabo bakwa-Habr mayelana nokuphumelela ukuhlolwa okunzima kakhulu kwe-CKA

Source: www.habr.com