🥇Usuku lwami lwesithupha no-Haiku: ngaphansi kwesivikelo sezinsiza, izithonjana namaphakheji

TL; DR: I-Haiku iyisistimu yokusebenza eklanyelwe ama-PC ngokuqondile, ngakho inamaqhinga amaningana enza indawo yedeskithophu yakho ibe ngcono kakhulu kunezinye. Kodwa isebenza kanjani?

Muva nje Ngathola i-Haiku, uhlelo oluhle ngokungalindelekile. Ngisamangele ukuthi isebenza kahle kanjani, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nezindawo zedeskithophu ye-Linux. Namuhla ngizobheka ngaphansi kwesivalo. Lapho kudingekile ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile, ngizokwenza ukuqhathanisa nendawo yokuqala yedeskithophu ye-Macintosh, Mac OS X kanye ne-Linux (i-XDG ejwayelekile evela ku-freedesktop.org).

Izinsiza kumafayela e-ELF

Izolo ngifunde ukuthi i-IconOMatic ingagcina izithonjana kuzinsiza ze-rdef ku-ELF executable. Namuhla ngifuna ukubona ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngempela.

Izinsiza? Isilinganiso kusukela Bruce Horn, umbhali wangempela we-Macintosh Finder kanye "nobaba" woMphathi Wensiza ye-Macintosh:

Ngikhathazekile ngesimo esiqinile sokubhala amakhodi kwendabuko. Kimi, wona kanye umbono wohlelo lokusebenza oluqandisiwe ngekhodi, ngaphandle kwamandla okushintsha noma yini ngokuguquguqukayo, kuwunya olukhulu kakhulu. Kufanele kwenzeke ukushintsha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Yiqiniso, ikhodi yesicelo ngokwayo ayikwazi ukushintshwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kukhona okungashintshwa ngaphandle kokubuyisela ikhodi?

Ku-Macintosh yasekuqaleni, benze lawa mafayela abe “nesigaba sedatha” kanye “nesigaba sensiza,” okwenze kwaba lula ngendlela emangalisayo ukulondoloza izinto ezinjengezithonjana, ukuhumusha, nokunye okunjalo. kumafayela asebenzisekayo.

Ku-Mac lokhu kuyasetshenziswa Hlela kabusha, uhlelo lwegraphic - ngokuzumayo - izinsiza zokuhlela.

Hlela kabusha ku-Macintosh yasekuqaleni

Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlela izithonjana, izinto zemenyu, ukuhumusha, njll. kulula ngokwanele, kodwa "basahamba" nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kunoma ikuphi, le ndlela yayinesiphazamiso esikhulu: yayisebenza kuphela ezinhlelweni zefayela le-Apple, okwakungesinye sezizathu ezenza i-Apple ishiye “isigaba sezinsiza” lapho ithuthela ku-Mac OS X.
Ku-Mac OS X, i-Apple yayifuna isisombululo esizimele sesistimu yefayela, ngakho bamukela umqondo wamaphakheji (kusuka ku-NeXT), izinkomba eziphathwa "njengezinto ezingabonakali" ngumphathi wefayela, njengamafayela esikhundleni sezinkomba. Noma iyiphi iphakheji enohlelo lokusebenza ngefomethi .app ine, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ifayela Info.plist (ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-Apple elilingana ne-JSON noma i-YAML) equkethe imethadatha yohlelo lokusebenza.

Okhiye befayela le-Info.plist abavela kuphakheji yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Mac OS X.

Izinsiza, njengezithonjana, amafayela e-UI, nokunye, zigcinwa kuphakheji njengamafayela. Umqondo empeleni ubuyele ezimpandeni zawo ku-NEXT.

I-Mathematica.app ku-NEXTSTEP 1.0 ngo-1989: ivela njengohlu lwamafayela kutheminali, kodwa njengento eyodwa kumphathi wefayela eliyisithombe.

Ake sibuyele ku-BeOS, imiqondo i-Haiku esekelwe kuyo. Abathuthukisi bayo, lapho besuka ku-PEF (PowerPC) baye ku-ELF (x86) (okufana nalokhu kusetshenziswe ku-Linux), banqume ukwengeza ingxenye yensiza ekupheleni kwamafayela e-ELF. Ayizange isebenzise isigaba sayo esifanele se-ELF, imane yanezelwa kwaze kwaba sekugcineni kwefayela le-ELF. Ngenxa yohlelo strip nabanye abavela kuma-binutils, bengakwazi lokhu, bavele banqamule. Ngakho-ke, lapho ungeza izinsiza kufayela le-ELF ku-BeOS, kungcono ukungalikhohlisi ngamathuluzi e-Linux.

Kwenzakalani nge-Haiku manje? Ngokuyisisekelo, ngaphezulu noma okuncane okufanayo.

Ngokombono, kungenzeka ukubeka izinsiza esigabeni esifiswayo se-ELF. Ngokusho konjiniyela esiteshini #haiku ku-irc.freenode.net:

Nge-ELF lesi sigaba singenza umqondo owengeziwe... isizathu kuphela sokuthi singakwenzi ngaleyo ndlela yingoba yilokho esikwenzile ku-BeOS."
Futhi asikho isidingo sokushintsha lokhu manje.

Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza

Izinsiza zibhalwa ngefomethi “yensiza” ehlelekile: ngokuyisisekelo uhlu lwezinsiza ezinosayizi kanye nokuqukethwe kwazo. Ngakhumbula ifomethi ye-ar.
Ungahlola kanjani izinsiza e-Haiku? Ingabe kukhona okufana ne-ResEdit?
Ngokusho imibhalo:

Ukuze ubuke izinsiza ezinikezwe kuphakheji yohlelo lokusebenza, ungahudulela ifayela elisebenzisekayo kuhlelo olufana nalo Isisetshenziswa. Ungaphinda uye kutheminali bese usebenzisa umyalo listres имя_файла.

I-Resourcer iyatholakala e-HaikuDepot, kodwa ivele iphahlazeke kimi.

Ungaphatha kanjani izinsiza kumafayela e-ELF? Ukusebenzisa rsrc и rdef. rdef amafayela aqoqwa phakathi rsrc. Ifayela rdef igcinwa ngefomethi yombhalo ongenalutho, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nayo. Ifomethi yefayela rsrc ifakwe ekupheleni kwefayela le-ELF. Ake sizame ukudlala:

~> rc -h
Haiku Resource Compiler 1.1To compile an rdef script into a resource file:
    rc [options] [-o <file>] <file>...To convert a resource file back into an rdef script:
    rc [options] [-o <file>] -d <file>...Options:
    -d --decompile       create an rdef script from a resource file
       --auto-names      construct resource names from ID symbols
    -h --help            show this message
    -I --include <dir>   add <dir> to the list of include paths
    -m --merge           do not erase existing contents of output file
    -o --output          specify output file name, default is out.xxx
    -q --quiet           do not display any error messages
    -V --version         show software version and license

Ungasebenzisa uhlelo xres ukuhlola nokulawula:

/> xres
Usage: xres ( -h | --help )
       xres -l <file> ...
       xres <command> ...The first form prints this help text and exits.The second form lists the resources of all given files.The third form manipulates the resources of one or more files according to
the given commands.
(...)

Kulungile, ake sizame?

/> xres -l /Haiku/system/apps/WebPositive/Haiku/system/apps/WebPositive resources:type           ID        size  name
------ ----------- -----------  --------------------
'MIMS'           1          36  BEOS:APP_SIG
'APPF'           1           4  BEOS:APP_FLAGS
'MSGG'           1         421  BEOS:FILE_TYPES
'VICN'         101        7025  BEOS:ICON
'VICN'         201          91  kActionBack
'VICN'         202          91  kActionForward
'VICN'         203         300  kActionForward2
'VICN'         204         101  kActionStop
'VICN'         206         243  kActionGoStart
'MSGG'         205        1342  kActionGo
'APPV'           1         680  BEOS:APP_VERSION

Okuningi mayelana nezinsiza nefomethi rdef ungafunda lapha.

Izinhlobo zezinsiza ezijwayelekile

Nakuba ungafaka noma yini ezinsizeni, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezichaziwe ezijwayelekile:

app_signature: Uhlobo lohlelo lwe-MIME, lokuvula imephu kwefayela, ukwethulwa, i-IPC, njll.
app_name_catalog_entry: Njengoba igama lesicelo livame ukuba ngesiNgisi, ungacacisa izindawo lapho amagama ahunyushiwe atholakala khona, ukuze abasebenzisi bezilimi ezahlukene babone igama lesicelo elihunyushiwe uma befisa.
app_version: impela ubucabangani
app_flags: ikhombisa registrar indlela yokucubungula isicelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho esikubonayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona B_SINGLE_LAUNCH, okuphoqa isistimu ukuthi iqalise inqubo entsha yesicelo njalo uma umsebenzisi eyicela (isimiso esifanayo sisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ku-Linux). Yidla B_MULTIPLE_LAUNCH, okwenza inqubo isebenze ifayela ngalinye. Ekugcineni kukhona B_EXCLUSIVE_LAUNCH, okuphoqa uhlelo ukuthi luqalise inqubo eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasebenzisi bayethula kaningi kangakanani (isibonelo, lena yindlela iFirefox esebenza ngayo ku-Linux; umphumela ofanayo ungatholakala ezinhlelweni ze-Qt kusetshenziswa umsebenzi. I-QtSingleApplication). Izicelo nge B_EXCLUSIVE_LAUNCH ziyaziswa uma umsebenzisi ezama ukuziqalisa futhi: isibonelo, bathola indlela yefayela umsebenzisi afuna ukuyivula ngosizo lwakhe.
vector_icon: Isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza lweVector (i-BeOS ibingenazo izithonjana zevekhtha, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kunalokho bezinezithonjana ezimbili ze-raster kumafayela azo asebenzisekayo).

Impela, ungangeza izinsiza nganoma yimaphi ama-ID nezinhlobo ozifisayo, bese uwafunda kuhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza usebenzisa ikilasi. BResources. Kodwa okokuqala, ake sibheke isihloko esithakazelisayo sezithombe.

Izithonjana zeVector ngesitayela se-Haiku

Vele, hhayi i-Haiku kuphela ekhethe ifomethi yesithonjana engcono kakhulu; kule ngxenye, isimo esinezindawo zedeskithophu ye-Linux asisihle neze:

me@host:~$ ls /usr/share/icons/hicolor/
128x128  256x256  512x512           index.theme
160x160  28x28    64x64             scalable
16x16    32x32    72x72             symbolic
192x192  36x36    8x8
22x22    42x42    96x96
24x24    48x48    icon-theme.cache

Uma ubheka lokhu usuvele uzwe ukuthi ucezu olunjani.

Kunjalo, kukhona scalable, equkethe, njengoba ungakwazi ukuqonda, izithonjana vector. Kungani-ke kukhona okunye? Ngoba umphumela wokudweba ihluzo ze-vector ngamasayizi amancane ungase ube ngaphansi kokufanele. Ngingathanda ukuba nezinketho ezihlukene ezilungiselelwe osayizi abahlukahlukene. Ezimweni zedeskithophu ye-Linux, lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusakaza izithonjana ezinosayizi abahlukene kulo lonke uhlelo lwefayela.

me@host:~$ find /usr/share/icons/ -name 'firefox.*'
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/16x16/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/22x22/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/24x24/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/256x256/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/32x32/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/HighContrast/48x48/apps/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/128/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/16/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/22/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/24/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/32/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/48/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/64/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/elementary-xfce/apps/96/firefox.png
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/firefox.png

Sicela uqaphele: awukho umqondo wezinguqulo ezahlukene zeFirefox. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuphatha kahle isimo sokuba nezinguqulo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza kusistimu.

Izithonjana ezihlukile zeFirefox kuzinguqulo ezihlukile. Okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukuphatha lokhu ku-Linux ngaphandle kwezinduku ezihlukahlukene.

I-Mac OS X iyisingatha kancane kancane:

Mac:~ me$ find /Applications/Firefox.app | grep icns
/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/crashreporter.app
/Contents/Resources/crashreporter.icns
/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/updater.app/Contents/Resources/updater.icns
/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/Resources/document.icns
/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/Resources/firefox.icns

Kuyabonakala ukuthi kunefayela elilodwa firefox.icns ephaketheni Firefox.app, equkethe bonke osayizi ukuze izinguqulo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa zibe nezithonjana ezihlukile.
Kungcono kakhulu! Izithonjana zihamba nohlelo, zonke izinsiza zikufayela elilodwa.

Masibuyele e-Haiku. Isixazululo esihlaba umxhwele, akukho okuhlukile. Ngokuvumelana ne imibhalo:

Ifomethi ye-HVIF ekhethekile, elungiselelwe kakhulu osayizi abancane nokunikezwa okusheshayo, yathuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, izithonjana zethu ingxenye enkulu zincane kakhulu kune-raster noma ngefomethi ye-SVG esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Futhi zisathuthukisiwe:

Osayizi bezithonjana ku-HVIF uma beqhathaniswa namanye amafomethi.

Umehluko ukuhleleka kobukhulu!

Kodwa umlingo awugcini lapha. I-HVIF efanayo ingabonisa amazinga ahlukene emininingwane kuye ngosayizi obonisiwe, nakuba kuyifomethi ye-vector.

Amaleveli ahlukene emininingwane (LOD) kuye ngosayizi wokunikezela

Manje mayelana nokubi: awukwazi ukuthatha i-SVG, uyiphonse ku-ImageMagick futhi uyibize ngosuku; kufanele udlule imijikelezo eminingana ukuze udale isithonjana ngefomethi ye-HVIF. lapha izincazelo. Kodwa-ke, i-IconOMatic ingangenisa i-SVG ngokungaphelele; cishe u-90% wemininingwane ye-SVG ingenisiwe ngamathuba athile, u-10% osele uzodinga ukulungiselelwa futhi ushintshwe ngesandla. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-HVIF yenza kanjani umlingo wayo can kubhulogi Leah Ganson

Ukwengeza isithonjana kuhlelo lokusebenza

Manje sengingakwazi ukwengeza isithonjana kuphakheji edaliwe isikhathi sokugcina, kucatshangelwa lonke ulwazi olutholiwe.
Nokho, njengoba ngingakushiyi neze ukudweba isithonjana sami se-QtQuickApp yami ethi “Sawubona, Umhlaba” njengamanje, ngiyasikhipha ku-Qt Creator.

/Haiku/home> xres /Haiku/system/apps/QtCreator/bin/Qt Creator  -o /Haiku/home/QtQuickApp/QtQuickApp  -a VICN:101:BEOS:ICON /Haiku/system/apps/QtCreator/bin/Qt Creator

Ake sihlole ukuthi isithonjana sikopishiwe:

/Haiku/home> xres -l /Haiku/home/QtQuickApp/QtQuickApp/Haiku/home/QtQuickApp/QtQuickApp
resources:type           ID        size  name
------ ----------- -----------  --------------------
'VICN'         101      152238  BEOS:ICON

Kubukeka kukuhle, kodwa kungani kwenzeka ukuthi uma isithonjana esisha sikopishwa singaveli?

I-VICN:101:BEOS:ICON ekopishiwe awakasetshenziswa njengesithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza kumphathi wefayela.

Ngiphuthelwe yini?

Amazwana kanjiniyela:

Sidinga ukudala ifayela rdef ngazo zonke izinsiza, bese ukhipha umyalo rc имя.rdef, lokhu kuzodala ifayela .rsrc. Khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo resattr -o имя_бинарника имя.rsrc. Okungenani, ngisebenzisa imiyalo efana nale ukuze ngingeze izithonjana emibhalweni yami.

Nokho, bengifuna ukudala insiza, hhayi isibaluli. Ngididekile ngempela.

Ukulondoloza isikhashana okuhlakaniphile kusetshenziswa isistimu yefayela

Ukuvula nokufunda izici ze-ELF kuhamba kancane. Njengoba ngibhale ngenhla, isithonjana sibhalwe njengesisetshenziswa efayeleni ngokwalo. Le ndlela inokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usinde ekukopishelweni kolunye uhlelo lwefayela. Nokho, iphinde ikopishelwe kusibaluli sesistimu yefayela, isibonelo BEOS:ICON. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumasistimu athile wefayela, njenge-BFS. Izithonjana eziboniswa uhlelo (ku-Tracker ne-Deskbar) zifundwa kulesi sici esinwetshiwe, ngoba lesi sixazululo sisebenza ngokushesha. Kwezinye izindawo (lapho isivinini singabalulekile, isibonelo, iwindi elivamile elithi “Mayelana”), isistimu ithola isithonjana ngokuqondile kusisetshenziswa esisefayelini. Kodwa lokhu akusona isiphetho. Khumbula, ku-Mac, abasebenzisi bangashintsha izithonjana zezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinkomba, imibhalo ngeyabo, ngoba ku-Mac kungenzeka ukwenza lezi zinto "ezibalulekile", ngokwesibonelo. esikhundleni sesithonjana esisha se-Slack nesedlule. Ku-Haiku, kufanele ucabange ngensiza (efayeleni) njengesithonjana sokuqala esiza nohlelo, kanye nesibaluli (kuhlelo lwefayela le-BFS) njengento evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi enze izinguquko ngokuthanda kwakhe (kodwa, ukusikisela, i-GUI yokufaka isithonjana sangokwezifiso phezulu kwesithonjana iyakhethwa).

Ihlola izici zesistimu yefayela

Ngosizo luka resaddr Kungenzeka ukuhlola nokusetha izibaluli zesistimu yefayela.

/> resattr
Usage: resattr [ <options> ] -o <outFile> [ <inFile> ... ]

Reads resources from zero or more input files and adds them as attributes
to the specified output file, or (in reverse mode) reads attributes from
zero or more input files and adds them as resources to the specified output
file. If not existent the output file is created as an empty file.
(...)

Empeleni "i-glue" eyenza ukuguqulwa emuva naphambili phakathi kwezinsiza (ezithembekile) kanye (okusheshayo) nezici zesistimu yefayela. Futhi njengoba isistimu ilindele ukuthola izinsiza futhi yenza ukukopisha ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngeke ngiqhubeke ngikhathazeke ngakho.

Umlingo wamaphakheji we-hpkg

Okwamanje (imvamisa) amaphakheji asetshenziswa ukuthola izinhlelo ku-Haiku .hpkg. Ungakhohliswa igama elilula: ifomethi ethi .hpkg isebenza ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunamanye amafomethi anamagama afanayo ohlangabezane nawo, inamandla amakhulu wangempela.

Ngamafomethi wephakheji wendabuko, ngangicasukile isikhathi eside ngenxa yaleli qiniso: ulanda into eyodwa (iphakheji), futhi enye ifakwe ohlelweni (amafayela ngaphakathi kwephakheji). Kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha amafayela (ngokwesibonelo, ukuwasusa) lapho ufaka iphakheji ngendlela evamile. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwephakheji zihlakazeke ohlelweni lwefayela, okufaka izindawo lapho umsebenzisi ojwayelekile engase angakwazi ukufinyelela ukubhala. Lokhu kubangela ikilasi lonke lezinhlelo - abaphathi bephakheji. Kodwa ukudlulisa isofthiwe esivele ifakiwe, isibonelo, komunye umshini, idiski ekhiphekayo noma iseva yefayela iba nzima nakakhulu, uma kungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Kuhlelo olujwayelekile olusekelwe ku-Linux, kungaba lula kube amakhulu ambalwa kuya ezigidini zamafayela ngamanye. Akudingeki ukuthi, lokhu kokubili kuntekenteke futhi kuhamba kancane, isibonelo lapho ufaka isistimu ekuqaleni, lapho ufaka, ubuyekeza futhi ukhipha amaphakheji avamile, nalapho ukopisha ivolumu yokuqalisa (ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande) kwenye indawo.

Ngisebenza kuphrojekthi ye-AppImage, intonga eyingxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzisi bokugcina. Lena ifomethi yokusabalalisa isofthiwe eqoqa uhlelo lokusebenza nakho konke ukuncika kwalo kusithombe sesistimu yefayela eyodwa ekhwezwayo lapho uhlelo luqala. Yenza izinto zibe lula ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba i-ImageMagick efanayo iphenduka ngokuzumayo ibe ifayela elilodwa, eliphethwe kumphathi wefayela ngabantu abafayo nje. Indlela ehlongozwayo isebenzela isofthiwe kuphela, njengoba ibonakala egameni lephrojekthi, futhi inesethi yayo yezinkinga, njengoba abantu ababandakanyekayo ekuletheni isofthiwe ye-Linux bahlale bekhomba kimi umcibisholo.

Masibuyele e-Haiku. Ingabe kuye kwenzeka ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezinhlelo zephakheji zendabuko kanye nokulethwa kwesofthiwe okusekelwe ezithombeni? Amaphakheji akhe .hpkg izithombe zesistimu yefayela ezicindezelwe ngempela. Uma isistimu iqala, i-kernel ikhweza wonke amaphakheji afakiwe nasebenzayo cishe ngemilayezo elandelayo ye-kernel:

KERN: package_daemon [16042853:   924] active package: "gawk-4.2.1-1-x86_64.hpkg"
KERN: package_daemon [16043023:   924] active package: "ca_root_certificates_java-2019_01_23-1-any.hpkg"
KERN: package_daemon [16043232:   924] active package: "python-2.7.16-3-x86_64.hpkg"
KERN: package_daemon [16043405:   924] active package: "openjdk12_default-12.0.1.12-1-x86_64.hpkg"
KERN: package_daemon [16043611:   924] active package: "llvm_libs-5.0.0-3-x86_64.hpkg"

Kupholile, yebo? Hlala lapho, kuzophola nakakhulu!

Kukhona iphakheji ekhetheke kakhulu:

KERN: package_daemon [16040020:   924] active package: "haiku-r1~beta1_hrev53242-1-x86_64.hpkg"

Iqukethe uhlelo lokusebenza oluncane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-kernel. Ukholelwa noma ungakholwa, ngisho ne-kernel ngokwayo ayisuswanga kuvolumu ye-boot (i-root partition), kodwa ilayishwe ngokucophelela endaweni yayo isuka ephaketheni. .hpkg. Hewu! Sengikushilo kakade ukuthi ngicabanga ukuthi ingxenye ye-Haiku yobunkimbinkimbi nokungaguquguquki kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi lonke uhlelo, kusukela ku-kernel nendawo yomsebenzisi eyinhloko kuya ekuphatheni kwephakheji nengqalasizinda yesikhathi sokusebenza, ithuthukiswa ngokubambisana neqembu elilodwa. Cabanga ukuthi mangaki amaqembu namaqembu ahlukene okungawathatha ukwenza into efana nalena ku-Linux [Ngicabanga iphrojekthi ye-PuppyLinux - cishe. umhumushi]. Bese ucabanga ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi le ndlela yamukelwe ekusatshalalisweni. Bathi: thatha inkinga elula, uyihlukanise phakathi kwabadlali abahlukene, futhi izoba yinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi ngeke isakwazi ukuyixazulula. Haiku kulelicala wangivula amehlo. Ngicabanga ukuthi yilokhu kanye okwenzeka ku-Linux manje (i-Linux kulokhu iyitemu eliyiqoqo le-Linux/GNU/dpkg/apt/systemd/Xorg/dbus/Gtk/GNOME/XDG/Ubuntu stack).

Ukubuyisela emuva uhlelo kusetshenziswa i-hpkg

Kwenzeka kangaki isimo esilandelayo: isibuyekezo sibe yimpumelelo, bese kuvela ukuthi into ethile ayisebenzi njengoba kufanele? Uma usebenzisa abaphathi bephakheji abavamile, kunzima ukubuyisela isimo sesistimu esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamaphakheji amasha (isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle). Amanye amasistimu anikeza ama-workaround ngesimo sezifinyezo zesistimu yefayela, kodwa anzima kakhulu futhi awasetshenziswa kuwo wonke amasistimu. I-Haiku ixazulula lokhu isebenzisa amaphakheji .hpkg. Noma nini lapho amaphakheji eshintsha ohlelweni, amaphakheji amadala awasuswa, kodwa agcinwa ohlelweni kuma-subdirectories afana /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/state-<...>/ njalo. Imisebenzi engaqediwe igcina idatha yayo kuma-subdirectories /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/transaction-<...>/.

Okuqukethwe /Haiku/system/packages/administrative. Iziqondiso “zesimo...” ziqukethe amafayela ombhalo anamagama amaphakheji asebenzayo, kanye nezinhla zemibhalo “zokwenziwayo...” ziqukethe amaphakheji ngokwawo.

"Isimo esidala sokusebenza", i.e. uhlu .hpkg amaphakheji ayasebenza ngaphambi kokuba izinguquko zirekhodwe ngemva kokusebenza ngakunye kumphathi wefayela efayelini lombhalo /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/state-<...>/activated-packages. Ngendlela efanayo, "isimo esisebenzayo" esisha sibhalwa efayeleni lombhalo /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/activated-packages.

Directory /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/state-<...>/ iqukethe kuphela ifayela lombhalo elinohlu lwamaphakheji asebenzayo alesi simo (uma kwenzeka ukufakwa kwamaphakheji ngaphandle kokususwa), futhi uma amaphakheji asusiwe noma abuyekezwa - uhla lwemibhalo lwezwe luqukethe izinguqulo ezindala zamaphakheji.

Lapho amabhuzu esistimu, ngokusekelwe ohlwini lwamaphakheji, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuvula (ukukhweza) amaphakheji. Kulula kanjalo! Uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle ngesikhathi sokulanda, ungatshela umphathi wokulanda ukuthi asebenzise uhlu oluhlukile, oludala. Inkinga ixazululiwe!

Haiku downloader. Indawo ngayinye yokungena ibonisa "isimo esisebenzayo" esihambisanayo

Ngiyayithanda indlela yokuba namafayela ombhalo alula njengohlu "lwesimo esisebenzayo", namagama aqondakala kalula .hpkg. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemishini-hhayi-abantu. ngenqwaba kusuka ku-OSTree noma i-Flatpak ohlelweni lwefayela (ezingeni elifanayo ne-Microsoft GUID).

Uhlu lwamaphakheji asebenzayo wephoyinti ngalinye ngesikhathi

Idatha yokumisa

Ngokusobala, kukhathalogi /Haiku/system/packages/administrative/writable-files iqukethe amafayela okumisa amaphakheji, kodwa ayabhaleka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba ukhumbula, .hpkg kufakwe ukufunda kuphela. Ngakho lawa mafayela kufanele akopishwe emaphaketheni ngaphambi kokubhala. Inencazelo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-GUI kwesistimu ye-.hpkg

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lezi zikhwama ezicwebezelayo .hpkg ukubhekana nokuhlanganiswa endaweni yokusebenza yomsebenzisi (UX). Phela, i-Haiku ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, phela. Ngokwami, ngibeka ibha phezulu lapho ngiqhathanisa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi namaphakheji .app ku-Macintosh ngesipiliyoni esifanayo .hpkg. Ngeke ngiqhathanise lesi simo nezindawo zokusebenza ku-Linux, ngoba kubi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye.

Kufika engqondweni yezimo ezilandelayo:

Ngifuna ukubuka okuqukethwe kwephakheji .hpkg
Ngifuna ukufaka iphakheji
Ngifuna ukususa iphakheji
Ngifuna ukususa okuthile okufike ohlelweni njengengxenye yephakheji
Ngifuna ukukopisha okuthile okufike ohlelweni njengengxenye yephakheji
Ngifuna ukulanda konke ukuncika kwephakheji, okungenzeka kungabi yingxenye yakho konke ukufakwa kwe-Haiku (isibonelo, nginomshini ohlukanisiwe ngokomzimba ongenakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi.)
Ngifuna ukuhambisa amaphakheji ami (noma ingxenye yawo) ngokuhlukana ngiyise kwenye indawo, ngokuhlukana nevolumu yokuqalisa (ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande) (ngoba, isibonelo, anginaso isikhala esanele kuwo).

Lokhu kufanele kufake iningi lamacala amakhulu kusukela emsebenzini wami wansuku zonke. Awu, ake siqale.

Ihlola okuqukethwe kwephakheji

Ku-Mac Ngimane ngichofoze kwesokudla kuphakheji ukuze ngiyivule futhi ngibuke okuqukethwe ku-Finder. Phela, empeleni iwuhlu lwemibhalo olufihliwe! (Ngiyazi akhona amaphakheji .pkg engxenyeni yesistimu okungezona izinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa abasebenzisi abavamile ngokuvamile abahlanganyeli nabo).

Ku-Haiku Ngichofoza kwesokudla kuphakheji, bese ngichofoza "Okuqukethwe" ukuze ngibone ukuthi yini engaphakathi. Kodwa nalu uhlu nje lwamafayela ngaphandle kwekhono lokuwavula ngokuchofoza kabili.
Kungaba ngcono kakhulu uma bekukhona indlela (okwesikhashana) yokufaka iphakheji .hpkg ukuze ibukwe ngumphathi wefayela, futhi umsebenzisi ngeke kudingeke akhathazeke ngemininingwane yokusebenzisa. (Ngendlela, ungavula .hpkg iphakeji ku Expander, engakwazi ukuyikhipha njenganoma iyiphi enye ingobo yomlando).

I-interface ye-HaikuDepot ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke uhlu lwamafayela ephakheji, kodwa ayikho indlela yokubuka okuqukethwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuchofoza kabili README.md

I-Mac iyawina kulesi sigaba, kodwa ukwengeza ukusebenza kwe-HaikuDepot okufunayo akumele kube nzima kakhulu.

Ifaka iphakheji nge-GUI

Ku-Mac, izithombe eziningi zediski .dmg aqukethe amaphakheji .app. Chofoza kabili isithombe sediski bese ukopisha iphasela, isibonelo, ngokulihudulela kulo /Applications ku-Finder. Lokhu kuhamba ngaphandle kokusho kimi, kodwa ngizwile ukuthi abanye abasanda kuhlanganyela bangase bangakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Apple "iphakamisa" inkomba yesistimu ebanzi /Applications (ku-NeXT ibixhunywe kunethiwekhi kanye nomuntu ngamunye), kodwa ungakwazi kalula ukubeka izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza kuseva yefayela noma ohlwini olungaphansi. $HOME/Applications, uma uthanda kanjalo.

Ku-Haiku, chofoza kabili kuphakheji, bese uchofoza ku-"Faka", bekungeke kube lula. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani uma iphakheji inokuncika okutholakala e-HaikuPorts kodwa okungakafakwa. Ku-Linux abazi ngempela ukuthi benzeni kulesi simo, kodwa isisombululo sisobala - buza umsebenzisi ukuthi udinga ukulanda futhi afake okuncikile. Impela okwenziwa uHaiku.

Ngilande iphakethe elithi 'sanity' ngesandla ngase ngichofoza kulo, umphathi wephakeji uyazi ukuthi angakutholaphi ukuncika kwalo (kucatshangelwa ukuthi amakhosombe asebhalisiwe kakade ohlelweni). Akuwona wonke ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ongakwenza lokhu.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa imenenja yefayela, vele uhudule bese uwisa .hpkg iphakethe noma phakathi /Haiku/system/packages (ukufaka uhlelo olubanzi, ngokuzenzakalelayo), noma ku /Haiku/home/config/packages (ukufakwa ngakunye; akutholakali uma uchofozwa kabili - ngisacasulwa igama elithi "config" kule ndawo, kimina kulesi simo elifana "nezilungiselelo"). Futhi umqondo wabasebenzisi abaningi awukatholakali ngisho ku-Haiku (yingakho ilula kangaka - angazi, mhlawumbe amandla wabasebenzisi abaningi azohlanganisa izinto ngokungadingekile endaweni yedeskithophu yedeskithophu).

I-Haiku iwina kulesi sigaba ngoba ayikwazi ukusebenza kuphela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa futhi nezinhlelo zesistimu.

Ikhipha iphakheji ku-GUI

Ku-Mac, udinga ukuhudulela isithonjana sohlelo kudoti, futhi yilokho kuphela. Kalula!

Ku-Haiku, okokuqala, udinga ukuthola ukuthi iphakheji itholakala kuphi ohlelweni, ngoba awuvamile ukuyifaka endaweni efanele (isistimu yenza konke). Ngokuvamile udinga ukubheka ngaphakathi /Haiku/system/packages (ngokufakwa okuzenzakalelayo okubanzi kwesistimu), noma ku /Haiku/home/config/packages (Ngabe ngishilo ukuthi “config” igama elingelona iqiniso?). Bese uhlelo lokusebenza luhudulelwa nje emgqonyeni kadoti, futhi yilokho.
Kalula! Nokho, bengingeke ngisho lokho. Nakhu okwenzeka ngempela:

Yilokhu okwenzekayo uma uhudula uhlelo lokusebenza kumgqomo kadoti /Haiku/system/packages

Ngisanda kuzama ukuhambisa isicelo sami sayizolo esithi "Sawubona Umhlaba" ku-QtQuickApp sikuyise kudoti. Angizange ngizame ukuhambisa uhla lwemibhalo lwesistimu, futhi njengoba wonke amaphakheji efakwe kunkomba yesistimu, akunakwenzeka ukususa iphakheji .hpkg ngaphandle koshintsho "okuphakathi". Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angasaba futhi acindezele inkinobho ethi "Khansela" enikezwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Kuchaza Mnu. i-waddlesplash:

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ubudala. Kungenzeka ukuthi sidinga ukuyilungisa ukuze isexwayiso sivele kuphela lapho iphakheji ngokwayo ihanjiswa. Abasebenzisi abavamile abadingi ukwenza lokhu noma kunjalo.

Kulungile, mhlawumbe kufanele ngikwenze lokhu ngisebenzisa i-HaikuDepot? Ngichofoza kabili kuphakheji /Haiku/system/packages, ilinde ukuthi kuvele inkinobho ethi "Khipha". Cha, kukhona (kuphela) "Faka". "Khipha", ukuphi?

Ukuze nje ngizijabulise, ngizamile ukubona ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ngichofoza okuthi “Faka” kuphakheji eselifakiwe. Kuvela kanje:

Lokhu kwenzeka uma uzama ukufaka iphakheji eselifakiwe.

Okulandelayo kuvela:

Uma uchofoza okuthi “Sebenzisa izinguquko” efasiteleni langaphambilini, izobukeka kanje

Ngicabanga ukuthi leli iphutha lesofthiwe; isixhumanisi sohlelo lokusebenza sesivele sikhona. [umbhali akazange anikeze isixhumanisi - cishe. umhumushi]

Isixazululo esisheshayo: Engeza inkinobho ethi "Khipha" uma iphakheji isivele ingaphakathi /Haiku/system/packages, noma ku- /Haiku/home/config/packages.

Lapho ngibuka uhlu lwamaphakheji afakwe ku-HaikuDepot, ngibona iphakheji yami ohlwini futhi ngingalisusa.

I-Mac iwina kulesi sigaba. Kodwa ngingacabanga ukuthi ngokusetha okufanele, isipiliyoni somsebenzisi ku-Haiku sizoba ngcono kune-Mac. (Omunye wonjiniyela ulinganisele ngale ndlela: “Ngaphansi kwehora lokwengeza ukusebenza okucacisiwe ku-HaikuDepot, uma wazi i-C++ encane”, noma imaphi amavolontiya?)

Ukukhipha okuthile kuphakheji

Ake sizame ukususa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo, hhayi iphakheji .hpkg, okwavela kuyo (ngiyangabaza ukuthi “kubantu nje” kukhona umehluko).

Ku-Mac, umsebenzisi ngokuvamile usebenza nefayela .dmglivelaphi iphakethe lesicelo .app. Ngokuvamile izithombe .dmg aqoqwa kunkomba yokulanda, futhi amaphakheji akopishwa umsebenzisi ukuze /Applications. Kukholakala ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi ngokwabo abazi ukuthi benzani, lo mbono uqinisekiswa isisebenzi sangaphambili se-Apple. (Enye yezinto engingazithandi ku-Mac. Futhi, isibonelo, nge-AppImage akukho mehluko phakathi kohlelo lokusebenza nephakheji ebikuyo. Hudula isithonjana usiyise kudoti = yikho nje. Kulula!)

Ku-Haiku, kukhona nokuhlukana phakathi apps/ и packages/, ngakho ngiyangabaza ukuthi lokhu kukwenze kwacaca kubasebenzisi. Kodwa kwenzekani uma uhudula isicelo kusuka apps/ Engeza ekalishini:

Yilokhu okwenzekayo uma uzama ukususa uhlelo lokusebenza oluthathwe kufayela .hpkg

Ngobuchwepheshe ilungile (phela, uhlelo lokusebenza lusingathwe ohlelweni lwefayela lokufunda kuphela kwasekuqaleni), kodwa alusizo kakhulu kumsebenzisi.

Isixazululo esisheshayo: phakamisa ukusebenzisa i-GUI ukuze ususe esikhundleni .hpkg

Ukuzijabulisa nje, ngizamile ukuphinda uhlelo lokusebenza ngokucindezela u-Alt+D. Ngithole umlayezo othi "Ayikwazi ukuhambisa noma ukukopisha izinto ngevolumu yokufunda kuphela." Futhi konke ngoba /system (ngaphandle /system/packages и /system/settings) yindawo yokukhweza yephakhejifs (khumbula ukuthi ivela kanjani kokuphumayo df?). Ngeshwa, ukuphuma komyalo mount ayicacisi isimo (njengoba kushiwo kwesinye sezihloko ezedlule), mountvolume ayibonisi okufunayo (ngokusobala amaphakheji afakwe nge-loop .hpkg akubhekwa "njengamavolumu"), futhi ngikhohlwe neminye imiyalo.

Akekho owinile kulesi sigaba ngaphandle kwe-AppImage (kodwa lokhu, ukukhuluma iqiniso ngokuphelele, umbono ochemile). Nokho, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi ngemva kokulungisa, isipiliyoni somsebenzisi ku-Haiku sizoba ngcono kune-Mac.

Qaphela: udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini "ivolumu" maqondana "nesigaba". Lokhu cishe kufana nobudlelwano "befolda" "nohla lwemibhalo": izinkomba eziningi zivela njengamafolda kumphathi wefayela, kodwa hhayi wonke (amaphakheji aphathwa njengamafayela, isibonelo). Ingabe lolu hlobo lombukiso lungenza ngibe inhlakanipho esemthethweni?

Ukukopisha okuqukethwe kwephakheji kwenye isistimu

Ku-Mac, ngihudula iphasela ngesilima .app, futhi njengoba ukuncika kungaphakathi kwephakheji, kuhamba ndawonye.

Ku-Haiku, ngihudula isicelo, kodwa okuncikile akucutshungulwa nhlobo.

Isixazululo esisheshayo: Esikhundleni salokho masiphakamise ukuhudula yonke iphakheji `.hpkg, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuncika, uma kukhona.

I-Mac iwina ngokusobala kulesi sigaba. Okungenani kimi, umthandi wepharadigm yabo. Kufanele ngiyikopishele ku-Haiku .hpkg esikhundleni sohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa uhlelo alunginiki lokhu...

Landa iphakheji enakho konke ukuncika kwayo

Akuwona wonke umshini oxhunywe kunethiwekhi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, eminye imishini (yebo, ngibheka wena, iWindows yesimanje, iMac neLinux) iyakhohlwa ngalokhu. Kubalulekile kimina ukuthi ngikwazi ukuya, ngokwesibonelo, ku-Internet cafe, ngilande isofthiwe kudrayivu ekhiphekayo, ngifake le drayivu kukhompuyutha yami yasekhaya futhi ngiqiniseke ukuthi konke kuzosebenza [insizwa eyingozi, yenza lokhu ku-Windows... - cishe. umhumushi].

Ngenxa yalokho, ngivame ukugcina nokuncika okungahlanganisiwe ku-Windows ne-Linux kaningi kunokujwayelekile.

Ku-Mac ngokuvamile leli ifayela elilodwa, okudingeka ukwenze ukulanda .dmg. Imvamisa, ayinakho ukuncika ngaphandle kwaleyo enikezwe yi-MacOS ngokwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okuhlukile izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga indawo efanele yokusebenza, isibonelo i-java.

Ku-Haiku landa iphakheji .hpkg ngoba, ake sithi, uhlelo olufanayo ku-java, kungenzeka lunganele, njengoba i-java ingase ibe khona noma ingabi khona emshinini oqondiwe. Ingabe ikhona indlela yokulanda konke okuncikile kwephakheji elinikeziwe .hpkg, ngaphandle kwalezo ezifakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Haiku ngakho-ke kufanele zibe kuwo wonke amasistimu e-Haiku?

I-Mac iwina lesi sigaba ngemajini encane.

Uphawula uMnu. i-waddlesplash:

Ukubhala uhlelo lokuqoqa konke okuncike kuhlelo lokusebenza njengeqoqo lamaphakheji .hpkg kumuntu ojwayelene nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-Haiku, cishe imizuzu eyi-15 yanele. Ukwengeza ukwesekwa kwalokhu akunzima kangako uma kunesidingo sangempela sakho. Kodwa kimina lesi yisimo esingandile.

Asibambe umoya kuze kube isihloko esilandelayo kulolu chungechunge.

Ukuhambisa amaphakheji endaweni ehlukile

Njengoba ngibhale ngaphambili, ngifuna ukubeka amaphakheji ami .hpkg (kahle, noma ingxenye yazo) endaweni ekhethekile, ehlukene nokubekwa okujwayelekile kumthamo we-boot (ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande). Esimweni esivamile (esingesombono), isizathu salokhu ukuthi ngihlala ngiphelelwa indawo yamahhala kumadiski ami (akhelwe ngaphakathi), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi makhulu kangakanani. Futhi ngokuvamile ngixhuma amadrayivu angaphandle noma ukwabelana kwenethiwekhi lapho izinhlelo zami zokusebenza zitholakala khona.

Ku-Mac Ngihambisa amaphakheji nje .app kudrayivu ekhiphekayo noma umkhombandlela wenethiwekhi ku-Finder, futhi yilokho. Ngisakwazi ukuchofoza kabili ukuze ngivule uhlelo lokusebenza njengoba bengivame ukwenza kusukela kuvolumu yokuqalisa. Nje!

Ku-Haiku, njengoba ngatshelwa, lokhu kungafezwa ngokuhambisa yami .hpkg amaphakheji kudrayivu ekhiphekayo noma umkhombandlela wenethiwekhi, kodwa-ke udinga ukusebenzisa imiyalo ethile engabhaliwe kukhonsoli ukuze uyikhweze kusistimu. Angazi ukuthi ngingakwenza kanjani lokhu usebenzisa i-GUI kuphela.

I-Mac iwina kulesi sigaba.

Ngokusho kukaMnu. i-waddlesplash:

Lokhu ukulungiselelwa okusekelwe ekusebenziseni okuvamile. Uma kunesidingo esivela kubasebenzisi abangaphezu koyedwa, sizokusebenzisa. Kunoma yikuphi, kukhona ithuba lokuqaliswa komuntu wesithathu.

Sizokhuluma ngalokhu esihlokweni esilandelayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinkomba zenethiwekhi, kungaba kuhle (ngiqagela amaqembu e-LAN) ukuba nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula, ezitholakalayo, ezibanzi zenethiwekhi (njengeZeroconf) ezingakopishelwa kukhompuyutha yendawo noma zisebenze ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi yendawo. Impela, onjiniyela banenketho yokuphuma nge app_flags.

Umbiko wokugcina wokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ye-hpkg ne-GUI

Ngicabanga lokho ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yobusha obuhlobene bokuhlanganisa .hpkg i-GUI isashiya okuningi okufanele ifuneke. Noma kunjalo, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingathuthukiswa ngokuya nge-UX...

Enye into: I-Kernel Debug Land

Kungaba kuhle ukukwazi ukufaka imiyalo ngesikhathi sokwethuka kwe-kernel, ngokwesibonelo syslog | grep usb. Nokho, ku-Haiku kungenzeka ngenxa ye-Kernel Debug Land. Ungawubona kanjani lo mlingo usebenza uma yonke into isebenza njengoba kufanele ngaphandle kokungenwa wuvalo lwe-kernel? Kulula ngokucindezela u-Alt+PrintScn+D (Debug mnemonic). Ngikhumbula ngokushesha Ukhiye Womhleli, okuvumela abathuthukisi be-Macintosh bokuqala ukuthi bafake isilungisi sephutha (uma sifakiwe, kunjalo).

isiphetho

Ngiyaqala ukuqonda ukuthi ubunkimbinkimbi besistimu ye-Haiku buvela eqinisweni lokuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ithimba elincane elilodwa eligxile ngokucacile endaweni yokusebenza, nazo zonke izingqimba zesistimu ezifinyelelekayo.
Umehluko obukhali nomhlaba we-Linux/GNU/dpkg/apt/systemd/Xorg/dbus/Gtk/GNOME/XDG/Ubuntu, lapho yonke into ihlukaniswa yaba izingcezu ezincane kangangokuthi ukudonsa kuhlezi phezu kokukhipha futhi ukushayela ngezinduku.
Bekukhona nokuqonda ukuthi uhlelo lunjani .hpkg ihlanganisa izinqubo ezinhle kakhulu zabaphathi bephakheji bendabuko, i-Snappy, i-Flatpak, i-AppImage, ngisho nama-btrfs, futhi ixube nendlela ye-Mac "yokusebenza nje".

Kwaba sengathi kukhona "okushintshile" ekhanda lami, futhi ngaqonda ukuthi isimiso .hpkg uyakwazi ukuziginqa, ngokumbuka nje. Kodwa akumina, kodwa ubuhle nokulula kwesistimu. Okuningi kwalokhu kugqugquzelwa umoya we-Mac yasekuqaleni.

Yebo, ukuphequlula esipheqululini kungase kuphazamiseke futhi kusebenze njengomnenke, izinhlelo zokusebenza kungenzeka zishoda (ayikho i-Gtk, i-Electron - abathuthukisi baphethe ngokuthi akuhambisani kahle nobuchwephesha), ividiyo kanye nokusheshisa kwe-3d kungase kungabi khona ngokuphelele, kodwa namanje uthanda lolu hlelo. Phela, lezi zinto zingalungiswa futhi zizovela ngokushesha noma kamuva. Yindaba nje yesikhathi futhi mhlawumbe neso elincane elibomvu.

Angikwazi ukunikeza usizo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoqala kusukela manje kuqhubeke unyaka we-Haiku kudeskithophu.

Izinkinga ezingahleliwe

Mhlawumbe kunezicelo kakade, noma kufanele ngizivule?

I-BeScreenCapture kufanele ikwazi ukuthumela ku-GIF njenge-Peek. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ffmpeg, esivele itholakalela i-Haiku. Isicelo.
Isofthiwe yesithombe-skrini ihluleka ukuthatha iwindi le-modal, esikhundleni salokho ithwebula sonke isikrini
Awukwazi ukunqampuna izithombe-skrini usebenzisa ithuluzi lokunqampuna le-WonderBrush bese ulondoloza umphumela efayeleni
Angiyithandi kakhulu ikhesa yesandla ku-Haiku, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ihlobene nomuzwa ofudumele we-nostalgic. Lokhu kuyacasula ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ithuluzi lokunqampuna ku-Krita, njengoba kubangela ukunqampuna okungalungile (bona izithombe-skrini zezingxoxo ze-modal kulesi sihloko). Ikhesa ye-crosshair ingaba yinhle kakhulu. Isicelo.

Zizame wena! Ngemuva kwakho konke, iphrojekthi ye-Haiku ihlinzeka ngezithombe zokuqalisa kusuka ku-DVD noma i-USB, eyenziwe Ежедневно. Ukufaka, vele ulande isithombe bese usibhala ku-flash drive usebenzisa I-Etcher

Ingabe unemibuzo? Sikumema kwabakhuluma isiRashiya isiteshi sethelegramu.

Ukubuka konke kwephutha: Ungazidubula kanjani onyaweni ku-C no-C++. Iqoqo leresiphi ye-Haiku OS

Kusuka ku umbhali translation: lesi isihloko sesithupha ochungechungeni mayelana Haiku.

Uhlu lwama-athikili: Okokuqala Owesibili Okwesithathu Okwesine Okwesihlanu

Source: www.habr.com

Usuku lwami lwesithupha no-Haiku: ngaphansi kwe-hood yezinsiza, izithonjana namaphakheji