Engxenyeni yokuqala, sikhulume ngokuthi kungani sinqume ukushintsha uhlelo oludala lwe-BMS ezikhungweni zethu zedatha ngolunye olusha. Futhi hhayi nje ukushintsha, kodwa thuthukisa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zakho. Engxenyeni yesibili sikutshela ukuthi sikwenze kanjani.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe
Ukucabangela labo abachazwe ku izifiso kanye nesinqumo sokwenqaba ukuvuselela uhlelo olukhona, sabhala ukucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze sithole isisombululo emakethe futhi senza imibuzo ezinkampanini ezinkulu eziningana ezibambe iqhaza kuphela ekudalweni kwezinhlelo ze-SCADA zezimboni.
Izimpendulo zokuqala ezivela kubo zibonise ukuthi abaholi bemakethe yezinhlelo zokuqapha ngokuyinhloko baqhubeka nokusebenza kumaseva we-hardware, nakuba inqubo yokuthuthela emafwini kule ngxenye isivele iqalile. Mayelana nokubhuka imishini ebonakalayo, akekho osekele le nketho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona umuzwa wokuthi akekho noyedwa wabathuthukisi ababonakala emakethe baze babonise ukuqonda isidingo sokuphindaphinda: "ifu aliwi" kwakuyimpendulo evamile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, sinikezwe ukuthi sibeke ukuqapha kwesikhungo sedatha efwini elisendaweni efanayo yedatha.
Lapha sidinga ukuhlehla kancane mayelana nenqubo yokukhetha usonkontileka. Intengo, yiqiniso, ibalulekile, kodwa phakathi kwanoma iyiphi ithenda yokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi, esigabeni senkhulumomphendvulwano nabahlinzeki, uqala ukuzwa ukuthi yimuphi kumakhandidethi onentshisekelo enkulu futhi okwazi ukuwenza.
Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lokucacisa imibuzo emibhalweni yobuchwepheshe, osonkontileka bangahlukaniswa kube yilabo abanentshisekelo yokuthengisa nje (kuzwakala ingcindezi ejwayelekile yomphathi wokuthengisa) kanye nalabo abanentshisekelo yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, sebezwile futhi baqonda ikhasimende, okwenza kube okwakhayo. izichibiyelo ezicacisweni zobuchwepheshe ngisho nangaphambi kwesinqumo sokugcina (ngisho naphezu kwengozi yangempela yokuthuthukisa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yomunye umuntu nokulahlekelwa ithenda), ekugcineni bavele balungele ukwamukela inselele yobungcweti futhi benze umkhiqizo omuhle.
Konke lokhu kusenze sanaka unjiniyela wendawo omncane uma kuqhathaniswa - ithimba lezinkampani zeSunline, elasabela kuningi lezidingo zethu ngokushesha futhi elalilungele ukusebenzisa zonke izidingo eziphathelene ne-BMS entsha.
Izingozi
Ngenkathi abadlali abakhulu bezama ukuqonda esikufunayo futhi beqhubeka nezincwadi zokungcebeleka nathi ezibandakanya ochwepheshe bezinga langaphambi kokudayiswa, unjiniyela wendawo uhlele umhlangano ehhovisi lethu ngokubambisana nethimba lakhe lobuchwepheshe. Kulo mhlangano, usonkontileka waphinda wakhombisa isifiso sakhe sokubamba iqhaza kulo msebenzi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, wachaza ukuthi uhlelo oludingekayo luzosetshenziswa kanjani.
Ngaphambi komhlangano, sibone izingozi ezimbili zokusebenza nethimba elingenazo izinsiza zenkampani enkulu yezwe noma yamazwe ngamazwe ngemuva kwayo:
- Ochwepheshe bangase balinganisele ngokweqile amakhono abo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bamane bahluleke ukubhekana nakho; isibonelo, bazosebenzisa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi noma baklame ama-algorithms okubhukha angenakwenzeka.
- Ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi isiqediwe, ithimba lephrojekthi lingase lihlakazeke futhi, ngakho-ke, ukusekelwa komkhiqizo kuzoba sengozini.
Ukuze sinciphise lezi zingozi, simeme ochwepheshe bethu bokuthuthukisa emhlanganweni. Abasebenzi abangase babe yinkontileka baxoxiswane kabanzi mayelana nokuthi uhlelo lusekelwe kuphi, ukuthi ukudilizwa komsebenzi kuhlelwa ukuthi kuqaliswe kanjani, kanye nezinye izindaba lapho thina, njengensizakalo yokusebenza, singenalo ikhono ngokwanele.
Isinqumo sasilungile: ukwakhiwa kweplatifomu ye-BMS ekhona yesimanje, ilula futhi inokwethenjelwa, ingathuthukiswa, uhlelo oluhlongozwayo lokuphindaphinda kabusha kanye nohlelo lokuvumelanisa lunengqondo futhi luyasebenza.
Ingozi yokuqala yabhekwana nayo. Eyesibili ayifakwanga ngemva kokuthola isiqinisekiso kosonkontileka ukuthi base bekulungele ukudlulisa ikhodi yomthombo wesistimu nemibhalo kithi, nangokukhetha ulimi lohlelo lwePython, olwalwaziwa kakhulu ochwepheshe bethu. Lokhu kusiqinisekise ithuba lokunakekela uhlelo sisodwa ngaphandle kobunzima kanye nesikhathi eside sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi uma kwenzeka inkampani yokuthuthukisa ishiya imakethe.
Inzuzo eyengeziwe yesikhulumi ukuthi yasetshenziswa ezitsheni ze-Docker: i-kernel, isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu kanye nomsebenzi wesizindalwazi somkhiqizo kule ndawo. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo ezisethiwe zejubane eliphezulu kakhulu lokuthunyelwa kwesixazululo uma kuqhathaniswa “nezakudala” kanye nokwengezwa okulula kwamadivayisi amasha ohlelweni. Umgomo othi "sonke ndawonye" wenza ukuqaliswa kwesistimu kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka: vele uvule uhlelo futhi ungalisebenzisa ngokushesha.
Ngalesi sixazululo, kulula ukwenza amakhophi wesistimu, futhi ungayithuthukisa futhi usebenzise ukuthuthukiswa endaweni ehlukile, ngaphandle kokumisa ukusebenza kwesixazululo sisonke.
Lapho zombili izingozi sezincishisiwe, usonkontileka wanikeza i-CP. Ihlanganise yonke imingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lwe-BMS kithi.
Ukubhuka
Uhlelo olusha lwe-BMS bekufanele lubekwe efwini, emshinini obonakalayo.
Azikho izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, azikho iziphakeli nakho konke ukuphazamiseka nobungozi obuhambisana nale modeli yokuthunyelwa - isisombululo samafu sisivumele ukuthi sizisuse unomphela. Kwanqunywa ukuthi uhlelo luzosebenza efwini lethu ezindaweni ezimbili zesikhungo sedatha eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow. Lawa amasistimu amabili asebenza ngokugcwele asebenza kumodi yokulinda esebenzayo enokufinyelela kubo bonke ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe.
Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ziyaqinisekisana, zihlinzeka ngokugcina okuphelele kwakho kokubili amandla ekhompuyutha namashaneli okudlulisa idatha. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe nazo sezilungisiwe, okuhlanganisa ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha namashaneli, amasistimu, imishini ebonakalayo ngokuvamile, kanye nekhophi egciniwe yolwazi ehlukile kanye ngenyanga (insiza ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuphatha nokuhlaziya).
Qaphela ukuthi ukuphinda kusetshenziswe njengenketho kusixazululo se-BMS kwathuthukiswa ngokukhethekile ngesicelo sethu. Uhlelo lokubhuka ngokwalo lubukeke kanje:
ukweseka
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwesixazululo se-BMS ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe.
Konke kulula lapha: uhlelo olusha lungabiza ama-ruble angu-35 ngokwale nkomba. ngenyanga ye-SLA "impendulo kungakapheli amahora angu-000", okungukuthi, 8 x 35 / 000 = $12 ngonyaka. Unyaka wokuqala umahhala.
Ukuze uqhathanise, ukugcina i-BMS endala kumthengisi kubiza u-$18 ngonyaka kanye nokwenyuka kwenani ledivayisi entsha ngayinye eyengeziwe! Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani ayizange inikeze umphathi ozinikele; konke ukusebenzisana kwenzeke ngomphathi wezentengiso onentshisekelo kithi njengongaba umthengi onokugcizelela okuhambisanayo ekucubunguleni izicelo.
Ngemali encane, sithole ukwesekwa okuphelele komkhiqizo, nomphathi we-akhawunti ozobamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, onephuzu elilodwa lokungena, njll. Usekelo lwaba lula kakhulu - sibonga ukufinyelela okuqondile konjiniyela ngokulungiswa ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu, ukuhlanganiswa nge-API, njll.
Izibuyekezo
Ngokusho kwe-CP ehlongozwayo ku-BMS entsha, zonke izibuyekezo zifakiwe ezindlekweni zokusekela, i.e. azidingi inkokhelo eyengeziwe. Okuhlukile ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okwengeziwe okungaphezu kwalokho okushiwo ekucacisweni kobuchwepheshe.
Isistimu endala yayidinga inkokhelo yakho kokubili izibuyekezo ze-firmware (ezifana ne-Java) nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi. Bekungenakwenzeka ukwenqaba lokhu; ngaphandle kwezibuyekezo, isistimu iyonke "yehlile" ngenxa yezinguqulo ezindala zezingxenye zangaphakathi.
Futhi, kunjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuvuselela isofthiwe ngaphandle kokuthenga iphakheji yokusekela.
Indlela evumelana nezimo
Enye imfuneko eyisisekelo iphathelene nesixhumi esibonakalayo. Besifuna ukunikeza ukufinyelela kuyo ngesiphequluli sewebhu noma yikuphi, ngaphandle kokuba khona okuphoqelekile kukanjiniyela endaweni yesikhungo sedatha. Ukwengeza, sifune ukwakha isixhumi esibonakalayo esigqwayizayo ukuze ukuguquguquka kwengqalasizinda kucace kakhudlwana konjiniyela abasemsebenzini.
Futhi ohlelweni olusha kwakudingeka ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwamafomula okubala ukusebenza kwezinzwa ezibonakalayo ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela - isibonelo, ukusabalalisa kahle kwamandla kagesi kuwo wonke ama-racks wemishini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuba nayo yonke imisebenzi yezibalo evamile esebenza ezinkomba zezinzwa.
Okulandelayo, ukufinyelela ku-database ye-SQL kwakudingeka ngekhono lokuthatha kuyo idatha edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwemishini - okungukuthi, wonke amarekhodi okuqapha amadivaysi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kanye nezinzwa eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezikhiqiza cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-20 eziguquguqukayo.
Imojula ye-accounting yemishini yokubeka yayidingeka futhi, ihlinzeka ngokuboniswa kwesithombe sokuhlelwa kwamadivayisi kuyunithi ngayinye nokubalwa kwesisindo esiphelele se-hardware, ukugcinwa kwelabhulali yamadivayisi kanye nolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana ne-elementi ngayinye.
Ukugunyazwa kokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe nokusayinwa kwesivumelwano
Ngesikhathi lapho kudingekile ukuqala umsebenzi ohlelweni olusha, ukuxhumana nezinkampani "ezinkulu" kwakusekude kakhulu nokuxoxa ngezindleko zeziphakamiso zabo, ngakho saqhathanisa i-CP eyamukelwe nezindleko zokuvuselela i-BMS endala (bheka. ), futhi ngenxa yalokho kwabonakala kukhanga kakhulu ngentengo futhi yahlangabezana nezidingo zethu.
Isinqumo senziwe.
Ngemva kokukhetha usonkontileka, abameli baqala ukwenza isivumelwano, futhi amaqembu ochwepheshe nhlangothi zombili aqala ukupholisha imininingwane yobuchwepheshe. Njengoba wazi, imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe enemininingwane futhi enekhono iyisisekelo sempumelelo yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ukucaciswa okwengeziwe kokucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukudumazeka okuncane njengokuthi "kodwa akukhona lokhu ebesikufuna."
Ngizonikeza izibonelo ezimbili zezinga lemininingwane yezidingo ekucacisweni kobuchwepheshe:
- Izikhungo zedatha ezisemsebenzini zinikwe amandla okwengeza amadivayisi amasha ku-BMS, ngokuvamile lawo ama-PDU. Ku-BMS endala, lokhu kwakuyizinga "lomphathi", elibuye livumele ukushintsha izilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo zawo wonke amadivayisi, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi. Lokhu akusifanelanga. Kunguqulo eyisisekelo ekhona yesikhulumi esisha, uhlelo lwalufana. Ngokushesha sabonisa emigomeni yereferensi ukuthi sifuna ukuhlukanisa lezi zindima: isisebenzi esigunyaziwe kuphela okufanele siguqule izilungiselelo, kodwa labo abasemsebenzini kufanele baqhubeke nokukwazi ukwengeza amadivayisi. Lolu hlelo lwamukelwa ukuze lusetshenziswe.
- Kunoma iyiphi i-BMS evamile kunezigaba ezintathu ezijwayelekile zezaziso: OKUBOMVU - kufanele kuphendulwe kuzo ngokushesha, OKUTHUTHUKILE - kungabonwa, OKULUHLAZA - “Imininingwane”. Ngokwesiko sisebenzise izexwayiso eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze sigade lapho imingcele yebhizinisi yeqiwe, njengerekhi yekhasimende eyeqa umkhawulo wayo womthamo. Lolu hlobo lwesaziso esimweni sethu lwaluhloselwe abaphathi futhi lwalungenasithakazelo enkonzweni yokusebenza, kodwa ku-BMS endala yayivala njalo uhlu lwezigameko ezisebenzayo futhi iphazamise umsebenzi wokusebenza. Sicabangele wona kanye umqondo nokuhlukaniswa kombala kwebhulukwe lesaziso ukuze kube yimpumelelo futhi sikugcine, nokho, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi izaziso “eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” kufanele, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izikhulu zemisebenzi, buthule “zithele” esigabeni esihlukile, lapho izodingidwa ngongoti bezentengiselwano.
Ngezinga elifanayo lemininingwane, amafomethi okwakhiwa kwamagrafu nokukhiqiza imibiko, uhlaka lwezindawo zokusebenzelana, uhlu lwamathuluzi okwakudingeka aqashelwe, nezinye izinto eziningi zanqunywa.
Lona bekuwumsebenzi wokudala wangempela wamaqembu amathathu asebenzayo - isevisi yamakhasimende, ebeka izidingo nemibandela yawo; ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe nhlangothi zombili, umsebenzi wabo kwakuwukuguqula lezi zimo zibe imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe; amaqembu abahleli bosonkontileka abasebenzisa izimfuneko zekhasimende ngokuvumelana nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ethuthukisiwe... Ngenxa yalokho, silungise ezinye zezimfuneko zethu ezingenazimiso ukuze zisebenze inkundla ekhona, futhi usonkontileka uthembise ukusenezela okuthile.
Ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwamasistimu amabili
Isikhathi sokuqalisa. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi sinikeza usonkontileka ithuba lokusebenzisa isibonelo se-BMS efwini lethu elibonakalayo futhi sinikeze ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kuwo wonke amadivayisi adinga ukugadwa.
Nokho, isimiso esisha sasingakalungeli ukusebenza. Kulesi sigaba, bekubalulekile ngathi ukuthi sigcine ukuqapha ohlelweni oludala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sinikeze ukufinyelela kumadivayisi ohlelweni olusha. Akunakwenzeka ukwakha kahle uhlelo ngaphandle kokubona amadivaysi kuwo, okungenakukwazi ukukhutshazwa ekuhlolweni yisistimu endala.
Ukuthi izisetshenziswa zingamelana yini nokuphenywa ngesikhathi esisodwa amasistimu amabili bekungabonakali ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangempela. Kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ukuvota okuphindwe kabili ngasikhathi sinye kungaholela ekwenqatshweni okuvamisile ukuphendula kusuka kumadivayisi futhi sizothola amaphutha amaningi mayelana nokungatholakali kwamadivayisi, okubuye kuvimbe ukusebenza kohlelo oludala lokuqapha.
Umnyango wenethiwekhi usebenzise imizila ebonakalayo kusukela kusibonelo se-BMS entsha efakwe emafini kuya kumadivayisi, futhi sathola imiphumela:
- amadivayisi axhunywe ngephrothokholi ye-SNMP cishe awazange anqanyulwe ngenxa yezicelo kanyekanye,
- amadivayisi axhunywe ngamasango asebenzisa izivumelwano ze-modbas-TCP abe nezinkinga ezaxazululwa ngokunciphisa ngobuhlakani imvamisa yawo yokuvota.
Futhi-ke saqala ukubona ukuthi uhlelo olusha lwakhiwa kanjani phambi kwamehlo ethu, amadivaysi esiwajwayele avele kuwo, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile - elula, esheshayo, efinyeleleka ngisho nangocingo.
Sizokutshela ukuthi kwenzekeni ekugcineni engxenyeni yesithathu yesihloko sethu.
Source: www.habr.com