🥇Ubuchopho + VPS ngama-ruble angu-30 =?

Kuhle kakhulu ukuba nazo zonke izinto ezincane ozidingayo ezandleni zakho: ipeni elihle nencwajana yokubhala, ipensela ebukhali, igundane elinethezekile, izintambo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, njll. Lezi zinto ezingabonakali azinakwa, nokho zinezela induduzo ekuphileni kwakho. Kuyindaba efanayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zeselula nedeskithophu: ukuthatha izithombe-skrini ezinde, zokunciphisa usayizi wesithombe, ukulandelela izimali zomuntu siqu, izichazamazwi, abahumushi, iziguquli, njll. Ingabe unayo? VPS — engabizi, ehlala iseduze, futhi eletha inani elikhulu? Cha, hhayi leyo inkampani yakho enayo, kodwa eyakho, "ephaketheni". Sibone ukuthi kuzoba buhlungu ukuthi ungabi nayo i-VPS encane ngo-2019, njengokungabi napeni lakho elijwayelekile ngesikhathi senkulumo. Yini ebuhlungu ngalokho? Kusehlobo. Hhayi-ke, ihlobo. Ihlobo lochwepheshe be-IT: uhlezi ekhaya, usebenza kumaphrojekthi akho owathandayo ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngakho, sacabanga ngakho futhi sakwenza.

UbuKhomanisi sebufikile bakwethu.

Ungumuntu siqu - i-VPS yethu iminyaka engamashumi amathathu

Sifunde izindatshana eziningi ezivela kwabancintisana nabo nakubasebenzisi eminyakeni emithathu noma emine edlule mayelana nokuthi kungani ungayidingi i-VPS engabizi. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi, i-VPS "eshibhile" yayiwukuthengisa okumsulwa futhi ingakwazi ukunikeza ukusebenza kwangempela. Kodwa izikhathi ziyashintsha, izindleko zezinsiza ezibonakalayo ziyehla, futhi ngama-ruble angu-30 ngenyanga, singanikeza lokhu:

Iphrosesa: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 core)
Uhlelo Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS (ongakukhetha)
1 ikheli le-IPv4 elinikezelwe
10GB wesitoreji se-SSD esisheshayo, esisezingeni lebhizinisi
I-RAM: 512 MB
Inkokhelo ngesekhondi ngalinye
Ithrafikhi engenamkhawulo

I-tariff ingaphansi kwemikhawulo eyengeziwe yobuchwepheshe, imininingwane ivuliwe ikhasi Ukunikezwa kwethu okuhle: i-VPS ngama-ruble angama-30.

Ubani ongazuza kuseva enjalo ebonakalayo? Cishe wonke umuntu: abaqalayo, abathanda, abathuthukisi abanolwazi, abathanda i-DIY, ngisho nezinkampani ezithile.

Ifanelekelani le VPS?

Sicabanga ukuthi abafundi be-Habr bazothola indlela yabo yokusebenzisa lokhu kumisa, kodwa sinqume ukuhlanganisa iqoqo lethu lemibono-nje uma kwenzeka othile eyidinga futhi abafana abazi?

Bamba iwebhusayithi yakho elula, iphothifoliyo, i-CV enekhodi, njll. Yebo, iwebhusayithi eklanywe kahle yenza umbono omuhle kubaqashi. Ibambe nge-VPS yakho futhi ube nesibopho sokuvikeleka kwayo nokuzinza ngokwakho, kunokuthembela ezinsizeni zokubamba zendabuko.
Sebenzisa i-VPS ngezinjongo zemfundo: phatha iphrojekthi yakho, funda ukuthi iseva nesistimu yokusebenza yeseva isebenza kanjani, sebenzisa i-DNS, futhi wakhe iwebhusayithi encane yezemfundo.
Ngocingo. Kwesinye isikhathi umnikazi oyedwa, isisebenzi esizimele, noma inkampani encane kakhulu idinga kakhulu ucingo lwe-IP, kodwa abahlinzeki banomhobholo. Kulula: thola iseva yakho, thenga inombolo kumhlinzeki wocingo we-IP, setha i-PBX ebonakalayo, bese udala izandiso (uma kudingeka). Imali eyongiwe inkulu kakhulu.
Sebenzisa iseva ukuhlola izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.
Sebenzisa iseva ekuhloleni kwe-DIY, okuhlanganisa ukuphatha nokuqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa zesistimu yasekhaya ehlakaniphile.
Icala lokusebenzisa elingavamile ukusingatha umsizi wokuhweba obonakalayo, i-bot yokuhweba, kuseva yakho. Uzoba nesibopho esigcwele sokuzinza nokuphepha kweseva, okusho ukuthi uzoba nethuluzi elilawuleka ngokugcwele lokuhweba ngezimakethe zamasheya. Uma ngabe kukhona umuntu onentshisekelo noma ohlela ukwenza kanjalo. 🙂

Le VPS nayo inezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wezinkampani. Ngaphandle kwensizakalo yocingo eshiwo ngenhla, izici ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo zingasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo:

Bamba imininingwane emincane nolwazi olungafinyelelwa ukude ngabasebenzi abahambahambayo, isibonelo, nge-FTP. Lokhu kuzovumela ukushintshaniswa okusheshayo kwezibalo zakamuva, ukulungiselelwa okubuyekeziwe kwamaqembu okuthengisa, izethulo, njll.
Nikeza ukufinyelela kwesikhashana kubasebenzisi noma amaklayenti ukuze kuboniswe isofthiwe noma imidiya.

Idrayivu yokuhlola ye-VPS yama-ruble angu-30 – sikwenzele yona

Ama-ruble angu-30 mancane kangangokuthi awufuni ngisho nokukhipha ikhadi lakho ukuze ukhokhe futhi ulihlole. Nathi ngezinye izikhathi siyavilapha, kodwa kulokhu sikwenzele wena konke. Ngaphambi kokwethula amaseva, senze isivivinyo ukuze sihlole yonke imininingwane futhi sibonise ukuthi iziphakeli zikwazi ukwenzani ngalolu hlelo. Ukuze senze izinto zihehe kakhulu, sengeze ukuhlola okwedlulele futhi sahlola ukuthi lokhu kulungiselelwa kuzosebenza kanjani uma ukuminyana nomthwalo weqa imikhawulo yethu ebekiwe.

Umsingathi ulayishwe inombolo yemishini ebonakalayo, ngayinye yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eboshelwe yi-CPU futhi isebenzisa ngenkuthalo isistimu engaphansi yediski. Umgomo bekuwukulingisa ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nomthwalo wokusebenza ongaqhathaniswa noma omkhulu kunomthwalo wangempela wokukhiqiza.

Ngaphezu komsebenzi oqhubekayo, sifake imishini emithathu ebonakalayo eqoqa amamethrikhi okwenziwa sisebenzisa i-sysbench, imiphumela yayo elinganiselwe ivezwe ngezansi, kanye nemishini ebonakalayo engama-50 ekhiqize umthwalo owengeziwe womsebenzi. Yonke imishini ebonakalayo yokuhlola yayinokucushwa okufanayo (i-single core, i-512 GB RAM, i-10 GB SSD), futhi isithombe esijwayelekile sakhethwa njengohlelo lokusebenza. debian 9.6, enikezwa abasebenzisi ku-RUVDS.

Umthwalo uye walingiswa ukuze uqhathaniswe ngokwemvelo nobukhulu nomthwalo wokulwa:

Eminye imishini ebonakalayo ibisebenza ngomthwalo ophansi.
Eminye yemishini isebenzise isimo sokuhlola ilingisa umthwalo kuphrosesa (kusetshenziswa insiza ukucindezeleka)
Kuma-VM asele, sisebenzise iskripthi esisebenzisa i-dd ukuze sikopishe idatha kusuka kudatha elungiselelwe kusengaphambili kuya kudiski enomkhawulo omisiwe kusetshenziswa i-pv (izibonelo zingatholakala lapha). lapha и lapha).

Futhi, njengoba ukhumbula, sasinemishini emithathu eqoqa amamethrikhi okwenziwa.

Emshinini ngamunye, umbhalo wawuqhutshwa umjikelezo njalo ngemizuzu engu-15, osebenzisa izivivinyo ze-sysbench ezijwayelekile zephrosesa, inkumbulo, nediski.

sysbench.sh iskripthi

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

Imiphumela yethulwa ngefomethi ye-sysbench ukuze kube lula, kodwa amanani amaphakathi aso sonke isikhathi sokuhlola kuyo yonke imishini ayathathwa. Isifinyezo singatholakala lapha:

I-Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Ukwenza isivivinyo ngezinketho ezilandelayo:
Inombolo yezintambo: 1

Ukwenza ibhentshimakhi yokusebenza kwe-CPU

Imicu iqalile!
Wenziwe.

Inombolo enkulu yokuqala ihlolwe ekuhlolweni kwe-CPU: 10000

Isifinyezo sokwenziwa kokuhlolwa:
Isikhathi esiphelele: 19.2244 imizuzwana
inani lemicimbi: 10000
isikhathi esiphelele esithathwe ukwenziwa komcimbi: 19.2104
izibalo zesicelo ngasinye:
imizuzu: 1.43 ms
isilinganiso: 1.92ms
ubuningi: 47.00 ms
Cishe. Amaphesenti angu-95: 3.02 ms

Ubulungiswa bezintambo:
imicimbi (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
isikhathi sokwenza (isilinganiso/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshimakhi yokuhlola yesistimu enezintambo eziningi

Ukwenza isivivinyo ngezinketho ezilandelayo:
Inombolo yezintambo: 1

Ukuhlola isivinini sokusebenza kwememori
Usayizi webhulokhi yememori: 1K

Usayizi wokudlulisa inkumbulo: 102400M

Uhlobo lwemisebenzi yenkumbulo: bhala
Uhlobo lwe-Memory scope: global
Imicu iqalile!
Wenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwe: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB edlulisiwe (320.32 MB/isekhondi)

Isifinyezo sokwenziwa kokuhlolwa:
Isikhathi esiphelele: 320.9155 imizuzwana
inani lemicimbi: 104857600
isikhathi esiphelele esithathwe ukwenziwa komcimbi: 244.8399
izibalo zesicelo ngasinye:
imizuzu: 0.00 ms
isilinganiso: 0.00ms
ubuningi: 139.41 ms
Cishe. Amaphesenti angu-95: 0.00 ms

Ubulungiswa bezintambo:
imicimbi (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
isikhathi sokwenza (isilinganiso/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshimakhi yokuhlola yesistimu enezintambo eziningi

Ukwenza isivivinyo ngezinketho ezilandelayo:
Inombolo yezintambo: 1

Amafulegi engeziwe avuliwe: 0
Amafayela angu-128, 16 MB ngalinye
2 GB isamba sikasayizi wefayela
Usayizi wokuvimba 16 KB
I-Periodic FSYNC inikwe amandla, ishayela i-fsync() isicelo ngasinye esiyi-100.
Ukushayela i-fsync() ekupheleni kokuhlolwa, Kunikwe amandla.
Isebenzisa imodi ye-I/O evumelanisiwe
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokubhala okulandelanayo (ukudala).
Imicu iqalile!
Wenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwe: 0 Funda, 131072 Bhala, 128 Okunye = 131200 Inani
Funda 0b Okubhaliwe 2Gb Isamba esidlulisiwe 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Izicelo/isekhondi zenziwe

Isifinyezo sokwenziwa kokuhlolwa:
Isikhathi esiphelele: 6.9972 imizuzwana
inani lemicimbi: 131072
isikhathi esiphelele esithathwe ukwenziwa komcimbi: 5.2246
izibalo zesicelo ngasinye:
imizuzu: 0.01 ms
isilinganiso: 0.04ms
ubuningi: 96.76 ms
Cishe. Amaphesenti angu-95: 0.03 ms

Ubulungiswa bezintambo:
imicimbi (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
isikhathi sokwenza (isilinganiso/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshimakhi yokuhlola yesistimu enezintambo eziningi

Ukwenza isivivinyo ngezinketho ezilandelayo:
Inombolo yezintambo: 1

Imisebenzi eyenziwe: 131072 Funda, 0 Bhala, 0 Okunye = 131072 Inani
Funda i-2Gb Ebhaliwe 0b Isamba esidlulisiwe esingu-2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Izicelo/isekhondi zenziwe

Isifinyezo sokwenziwa kokuhlolwa:
Isikhathi esiphelele: 23.1054 imizuzwana
inani lemicimbi: 131072
isikhathi esiphelele esithathwe ukwenziwa komcimbi: 22.9933
izibalo zesicelo ngasinye:
imizuzu: 0.00 ms
isilinganiso: 0.18ms
ubuningi: 295.75 ms
Cishe. Amaphesenti angu-95: 0.77 ms

Ubulungiswa bezintambo:
imicimbi (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
isikhathi sokwenza (isilinganiso/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshimakhi yokuhlola yesistimu enezintambo eziningi

Ukwenza isivivinyo ngezinketho ezilandelayo:
Inombolo yezintambo: 1

Amafulegi engeziwe avuliwe: 0
Amafayela angu-128, 16 MB ngalinye
2 GB isamba sikasayizi wefayela
Usayizi wokuvimba 16 KB
Inombolo yezicelo ezingahleliwe ze-IO ezingahleliwe: 10000
Isilinganiso sokufunda/sokubhala sokuhlolwa okungahleliwe okuhlanganisiwe kwe-IO: 1.50
I-Periodic FSYNC inikwe amandla, ishayela i-fsync() isicelo ngasinye esiyi-100.
Ukushayela i-fsync() ekupheleni kokuhlolwa, Kunikwe amandla.
Isebenzisa imodi ye-I/O evumelanisiwe
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe kwe-r/w
Imicu iqalile!
Wenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwe: 6000 Funda, 4000 Bhala, 12800 Okunye = 22800 Inani
Funda 93.75Mb Okubhaliwe 62.5Mb Isamba esidlulisiwe 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/isekhondi)
85.61 Izicelo/isekhondi zenziwe

Isifinyezo sokwenziwa kokuhlolwa:
Isikhathi esiphelele: 152.9786 imizuzwana
inani lemicimbi: 10000
isikhathi esiphelele esithathwe ukwenziwa komcimbi: 14.1879
izibalo zesicelo ngasinye:
imizuzu: 0.01 ms
isilinganiso: 1.41ms
ubuningi: 210.22 ms
Cishe. Amaphesenti angu-95: 4.95 ms

Ubulungiswa bezintambo:
imicimbi (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
isikhathi sokwenza (isilinganiso/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Imiphumela iyinkomba, kodwa akufanele ithathwe njengeQoS.

Imishini eyenza umthwalo owengeziwe

Isoftware:

Thola ukubuyekeza
phuthukisa kahle
thola ukufaka i-python-pip
pip faka i-mysql-connector-python-rf

Kufakiwe MariaDB, How lapha:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- нужно для test_employees_sha

Isisekelo sokuhlola sithathiwe kusuka lapha:

Isisekelo sisetshenziswa njengoba kukhonjisiwe. lapha:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

Isisekelo sokuhlola esincane:

Ithebula

I-RowsCount

Usayizi wedatha (MB)

Usayizi wenkomba (KB)

neminyango

0.02

16.00

dept_emp

331143

11.52

5648.00

dept_manager

0.02

16.00

abasebenzi

299379

14.52

0.00

imiholo

2838426

95.63

0.00

izihloko

442783

19.56

0.00

Isevisi yokuhlola yakudala, ebhalwe endizeni ePython, yenza imisebenzi emine:

i-getState: ibuyisela isimo
getEmployee: ubuyisela isisebenzi (+amaholo, +iziqu) kusizindalwazi
patchEmployee: ulungisa izinkambu zabasebenzi
insertIholo: Ifaka iholo

Umthombo wesevisi (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Ukuqapha Le nkonzo akufanele ithathwe ngaphansi kwezimo njengesibonelo noma umhlahlandlela!

Ukuhlola kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-JMeter ethembekile. Uchungechunge lokuhlolwa lwenziwa, oluthatha imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwamahora ama-2, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Amaphesenti ezicelo ayehluka, futhi umphumela wawuhluka kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-600 yezicelo ngomzuzu. Inani lezintambo lalisukela ku-50 kuye ku-500.

Ngenxa yokuthi isisekelo sincane kakhulu ngosayizi, umyalo:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Ibonisa ukuthi:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

Ngezansi izikhathi zokuphendula ezimaphakathi zemibuzo:

Bhala

Isilinganiso

Median

90% Ulayini

95% Ulayini

99% Ulayini

min

Max

uthole Umsebenzi

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

4151.78

getState

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

2814.71

patchUmsebenzi

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

6639.4

bekaIholo

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

6722.44

Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukwahlulela ukufaneleka kwale VPS ngezidingo zakho ezithile ngokusekelwe kule miphumela yokwenziwa. Sekukonke, izindlela ezisohlwini zikhawulelwe kulezo zimo esihlangabezane nazo ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Ngakho-ke, uhlu lwethu aluphelele. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uzenzele ezakho iziphetho futhi uhlole iseva ye-ruble engama-30 ngezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela nemisebenzi, futhi uphakamise izinketho zakho zalokhu kumisa kumazwana.

Source: www.habr.com