Kuhle kakhulu lapho zonke izinto ezincane ezidingekayo ziseduze: ipeni elihle nencwajana, ipensela ebukhali, igundane elinethezekile, izintambo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, njll. Lezi zinto ezingacacile azidonseli ukunaka, kodwa zengeza induduzo ekuphileni. Indaba efanayo inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zeselula nezedeskithophu: zezithombe-skrini ezinde, zokunciphisa usayizi wesithombe, ukubala izimali zomuntu siqu, izichazamazwi, abahumushi, abaguquli, njll. Ingabe unayo? - okuyinto engabizi, ehlala iseduze futhi iletha izinzuzo eziningi? Cha, hhayi lena onayo enkampanini yakho, kodwa eyakho βephaketheniβ. Besicabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-VPS encane ngo-2019 kwakudabukisa ngandlela thile, njengangaphandle kwepeni elivamile lomthombo enkulumweni. Kungani kudabukisa? Kusehlobo. Linjani ihlobo? Ihlobo lochwepheshe be-IT: uhlezi ekhaya, usebenza kumaphrojekthi akho owathandayo ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngokuvamile, sacabanga futhi sakwenza.
UbuKhomanisi sebufikile bakwethu.
Unjalo - i-VPS yethu iminyaka engamashumi amathathu
Sifunde izihloko eziningi ezivela kubancintisana nabasebenzisi ababhala eminyakeni engu-3-4 edlule mayelana nokuthi kungani i-VPS engabizi ingadingeki. Yebo, kunjalo, khona-ke i-VPS "nge-penny" yayiwukuthengisa okuhlanzekile futhi ayikwazi ukunikeza amathuba okusebenza avamile. Kodwa izikhathi ziyashintsha, izindleko zezinsiza ezibonakalayo ziba phansi futhi ziphansi, futhi ngama-ruble angu-30 ngenyanga silungele ukunikeza lokhu:
- Iphrosesa: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 core)
- Uhlelo lwe-Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ongakhetha kukho)
- 1 ikheli le-IPv4 elinikezelwe
- 10 GB wedatha yesitoreji kumadrayivu e-SSD ekilasi lebhizinisi asheshayo
- I-RAM: 512 MB
- Ngenkokhelo yesibili
- Ithrafikhi engenamkhawulo
I-tariff ingaphansi kwemikhawulo eyengeziwe yobuchwepheshe, imininingwane ivuliwe isipho sethu esihle - i-VPS ngama-ruble angu-30.
Le seva ebonakalayo ifanele bani? Yebo cishe kuwo wonke umuntu: abaqalayo, abathanda, abathuthukisi abanolwazi, abalandeli be-DIY ngisho nezinkampani ezithile.
Ifanelekelani le VPS?
Sicabanga ukuthi abafundi bakaHabr bazothola indlela yabo yokusebenzisa lokhu kulungiselelwa, kodwa sinqume ukuqoqa imibono yethu siqu - kuthiwani uma umuntu eyidinga, kodwa amadoda awazi?
- Beka iwebhusayithi yakho elula, iphothifoliyo, qala kabusha ngekhodi, njll. Kunjalo, iwebhusayithi yakho eklanyelwe yenza umbono omuhle kumqashi. Yibeke ku-VPS yakho futhi ube nesibopho sokuphepha nokuzinza kwesayithi ngokwakho, hhayi ngabasebenzi babahlinzeki bokusingatha abavamile.
- Sebenzisa i-VPS ngezinjongo zemfundo: phatha iphrojekthi yakho, funda izici zeseva nesistimu yokusebenza yeseva, sebenzisa i-DNS, cabanga ngesayithi elincane lokufundisa.
- Ngocingo. Kwesinye isikhathi usomabhizinisi oyedwa, ozimele noma inkampani encane kakhulu iludinga kakhulu ucingo lwe-IP, futhi abaqhubi balolu cingo banomhobholo. Kulula: sithatha iseva yethu, sithenge inombolo ku-opharetha wefoni ye-IP, simise i-PBX ebonakalayo futhi sakhe izinombolo zangaphakathi (uma kunesidingo). Imali eyongiwe inkulu kakhulu.
- Sebenzisa iseva ukuhlola izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.
- Sebenzisa iseva ekuhloleni kwe-DIY, okuhlanganisa ukulawula nokuqoqa idatha kusuka kuzinzwa zesistimu yasekhaya ehlakaniphile.
- Indlela engavamile yokuyisebenzisa ukubeka umsizi wokuhweba wokushintshaniswa okubonakalayo, irobhothi lokuhweba, kuseva. Uzoba nesibopho esigcwele sokuzinza nokuvikeleka kweseva, okusho ukuthi uzothola ithuluzi elilawulwayo lokuhweba ezimakethe zamasheya. Hhayi-ke, uma ngabe kukhona umuntu onentshisekelo noma ohlelayo :)
Kukhona izicelo ze-VPS enjalo emkhakheni wezinkampani. Ngaphezu kwenkonzo yocingo eshiwo kakade, ungasebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Beka imininingwane emincane yolwazi nolwazi oluzofinyeleleka kubasebenzi abahamba kude, isibonelo, usebenzisa i-ftp. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ushintshisane ngokushesha ngezibalo ezintsha, ukulungiselelwa okubuyekeziwe kwabantu abathengisa, izethulo, njll.
- Nikeza ukufinyelela kwesikhashana kubasebenzisi noma amaklayenti ukukhombisa isofthiwe noma imidiya.
I-VPS test drive yama-ruble angu-30 - yenzelwe wena
Ama-ruble angu-30 mancane kangangokuthi awufuni ngisho nokukhipha ikhadi ukuze ukhokhe futhi uhlole. Nathi ngezinye izikhathi siyavilapha, kodwa kulokhu sikwenzele konke. Ngaphambi kokuqalisa amaseva empini, senze isivivinyo ukuze sihlole yonke imininingwane futhi sibonise ukuthi amaseva angakwazi ukwenzani ngale nkokhelo. Ukuze sikwenze kuthakazelise, sengeze okwedlulele futhi sabheka ukuthi lokhu kulungiselelwa kuzoziphatha kanjani uma ukuminyana nomthwalo kudlula amanani esiwamisile.
Umsingathi ubengaphansi komthwalo wenombolo yemishini ebonakalayo eyenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuphrosesa futhi yasebenzisa ngenkuthalo isistimu engaphansi yediski. Umgomo uwukulingisa ukuminyana okuphezulu kokubekwa nomthwalo ofana noma omkhulu kunowokulwa.
Ngokungeziwe ekulayisheni okungaguquki, sifake imishini engu-3 ebonakalayo eqoqa amamethrikhi okwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-sysbench, imiphumela emaphakathi enikezwe ngezansi, kanye nemishini ebonakalayo engu-50 edale umthwalo owengeziwe. Yonke imishini ebonakalayo yokuhlola ibe nokucushwa okufanayo (1 core, RAM 512 GB, SSD 10 GB), isithombe esijwayelekile se-debian 9.6 sikhethwe njengesistimu yokusebenza, enikezwa abasebenzisi ku-RUVDS.
Umthwalo ulingiswa ngokwemvelo nangobukhulu obuqathaniswa nokulwa:
- Eminye imishini ebonakalayo yethulwa enomthwalo ophansi
- Eminye imishini isebenzise iskripthi sokuhlola esilingisa umthwalo kuphrosesa (isebenzisa insiza )
- Engxenyeni esele yemishini ebonakalayo, sisebenzise iskripthi esisebenzisa i-dd ukuze sikopishe idatha kusuka kudatha elungiselelwe kusengaphambili kuya kudiski enomkhawulo omisiwe kusetshenziswa i-pv (izibonelo zingabonakala ΠΈ ).
Futhi, njengoba ukhumbula, sasinemishini emithathu eqoqa amamethrikhi okwenziwa.
Emshinini ngamunye, umbhalo wawusetshenziswa umjikelezo njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15, osebenzisa izivivinyo ze-sysbench ezijwayelekile zephrosesa, inkumbulo nediski.
Iskriphthi sysbench.sh
#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txtImiphumela yethulwa ukuze kube lula ngefomethi ye-sysbench, kodwa amanani ajwayelekile aso sonke isikhathi sokuhlola athathwe kuyo yonke imishini, umphumela ungabonakala lapha:
I-Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Doing CPU performance benchmark
Threads started!
Done.
Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 10000
Test execution summary:
total time: 19.2244s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 19.2104
per-request statistics:
min: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
max: 47.00ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.02ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00
sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Doing memory operations speed test
Memory block size: 1K
Memory transfer size: 102400M
Memory operations type: write
Memory scope type: global
Threads started!
Done.
Operations performed: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)
102400.00 MB transferred (320.32 MB/sec)
Test execution summary:
total time: 320.9155s
total number of events: 104857600
total time taken by event execution: 244.8399
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
max: 139.41ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.00ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00
sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential write (creation) test
Threads started!
Done.
Operations performed: 0 Read, 131072 Write, 128 Other = 131200 Total
Read 0b Written 2Gb Total transferred 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 6.9972s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 5.2246
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
max: 96.76ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00
sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential read test
Threads started!
Done.
Operations performed: 131072 Read, 0 Write, 0 Other = 131072 Total
Read 2Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 23.1054s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 22.9933
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
max: 295.75ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.77ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00
sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!
Done.
Operations performed: 6000 Read, 4000 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.75Mb Written 62.5Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 152.9786s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 14.1879
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
max: 210.22ms
approx. 95 percentile: 4.95ms
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Imiphumela iyinkomba, kodwa namanje akufanele ithathwe njengeQoS.
Imishini eyenza umthwalo owengeziwe
Isoftware:
- Thola ukubuyekeza
- phuthukisa kahle
- thola ukufaka i-python-pip
- pip faka i-mysql-connector-python-rf
Kufakiwe MariaDB, How to :
apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ test_employees_shaIsisekelo sokuhlola sithathiwe :
I-database isetshenziswa ngendlela eshiwo :
mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sqlIsisekelo sokuhlola esincane:
Ithebula
I-RowsCount
Usayizi wedatha (MB)
Usayizi wenkomba (KB)
neminyango
9
0.02
16.00
dept_emp
331143
11.52
5648.00
dept_manager
24
0.02
16.00
abasebenzi
299379
14.52
0.00
imiholo
2838426
95.63
0.00
izihloko
442783
19.56
0.00
Isevisi yokuhlola yakudala ibhalwe edolweni ePython; yenza imisebenzi emine:
- i-getState: ibuyisela isimo
- getEmployee: ubuyisela abasebenzi (+amaholo, +iziqu) kusizindalwazi
- patchEmployee: ushintsha amasimu abasebenzi
- insertIholo: ifaka iholo
Umthombo wesevisi (dbtest.py)
#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag
app = Flask(__name__)
def getFields(cursor):
results = {}
column = 0
for d in cursor.description:
results[d[0]] = column
column = column + 1
return results
PAGE_SIZE = 30
@app.route("/")
def main():
return "Hello!"
@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}
@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
id = int(id)
connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
fields = getFields(cursor)
employee = {}
found = False
for row in cursor.fetchall():
found = True
employee = {
"birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
"first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
"last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
"gender": row[fields["gender"]],
"hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
}
if not found:
abort(404)
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
fields = getFields(cursor)
salaries = []
for row in cursor.fetchall():
salary = {
"salary": row[fields["salary"]],
"from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
"to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
}
salaries.append(salary)
employee["salaries"] = salaries
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
fields = getFields(cursor)
titles = []
for row in cursor.fetchall():
title = {
"title": row[fields["title"]],
"from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
"to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
}
titles.append(title)
employee["titles"] = titles
return json.dumps({
"status": "success",
"employee": employee
})
def isFieldValid(t, v):
if t == "employee":
return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
else:
return false
@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
id = int(id)
content = request.json
print(content)
setList = ""
data = []
for k, v in content.iteritems():
if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
continue
if setList != "":
setList = setList + ", "
setList = setList + k + "=%s"
data.append(v)
data.append(id)
print(setList)
print(data)
connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
connection.commit()
if cursor.rowcount < 1:
abort(404)
return json.dumps({
"status": "success"
})
@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
content = request.json
print(content)
connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
cursor = connection.cursor()
data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
connection.commit()
return json.dumps({
"status": "success"
})
@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
return json.dumps({
"status": "success",
"state": "working"
})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')
Ukuqapha Le nkonzo akufanele ithathwe ngaphansi kwezimo njengesibonelo noma umhlahlandlela!
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-JMeter endala enhle. Kwaqalwa uchungechunge lokuhlola oluthatha imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwamahora ama-2, ngaphandle kweziphazamiso, amaphesenti ezicelo ayehluka, futhi umphumela wawuhluka kusuka kuzicelo ezingama-300 kuye kwangama-600 ngomzuzu. Inombolo yemicu kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-500.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-database incane kakhulu, umyalo:
mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"Ibonisa ukuthi:
Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000Ngezansi izikhathi ezimaphakathi zokuphendula izicelo:
Bhala
Isilinganiso
Median
90%Umugqa
95%Umugqa
99%Umugqa
min
Max
uthole Umsebenzi
37.64
12.57
62.28
128.5
497.57
5
4151.78
getState
17
7.57
30.14
58.71
193
3
2814.71
patchUmsebenzi
161.42
83.29
308
492.57
1845.14
5
6639.4
bekaIholo
167.21
86.93
315.34
501.07
1927.12
7
6722.44
Kungase kube nzima kuwe ukwahlulela ngale miphumela yokwenziwa ukuthi le VPS ifaneleka kangakanani emisebenzini yakho ethile futhi, ngokuvamile, izindlela ezisohlwini zilinganiselwe kulawo macala okwakudingeka sibhekane nawo ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. ngokucacile ayiphelele. Sikumema ukuthi uzenzele ezakho iziphetho futhi uhlole iseva ngama-ruble angu-30 kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zangempela nemisebenzi futhi uphakamise izinketho zakho zalokhu kucushwa kumazwana.
Source: www.habr.com