Umholi wezobuchwepheshe waseShayina usolwa ngobunhloli bezombusazwe, kodwa uzimisele ukugcina ngisho nokwandisa inzuzo yakhe emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
URen Zhengfei, owayeyisikhulu Sezempi Yenkululeko Yabantu baseChina, wasungula iHuawei (ebizwa ngokuthi Wah-Way) ngo-1987. Kusukela lapho, inkampani yaseShayina ezinze e-Shenzhen isibe ngumkhiqizi omkhulu wama-smartphone emhlabeni, kanye ne-Apple ne-Samsung. Inkampani iphinde ikhiqize ama-electronics abathengi futhi yakha imishini yezokuxhumana nengqalasizinda. Isiphenduke umdondoshiya wamazwe ngamazwe ngemali engenayo engama- $ 121 billion ngo-2019.
Ngaphandle kokukhula okumangazayo, iHuawei iseyinkampani ezimele, ephethwe ngabasebenzi bayo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani ayidayiswa kunoma iyiphi imakethe yomphakathi futhi akekho omunye ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abangatshala imali kuyo. Naphezu kokungenzeki kokutshala imali, intshisekelo komunye wabakhiqizi be-smartphone abakhulu iyaqhubeka ikhula.
I-Huawei yenza kuphi ibhizinisi?
Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ama-smartphones, i-Huawei yakha amanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana futhi inikeza ngamasevisi ahambisanayo. Kusukela ngo-2019, inkampani yaqasha abantu abangaphezu kuka-190 emazweni angaphezu kwe-000. Iningi lebhizinisi liseChina, amanye aseYurophu, Middle East, Africa nase-Asia-Pacific.
Izici Eziyinhloko
I-Huawei yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe yabathengi be-electronics kanye nemishini yezokuxhumana.
Naphezu kokukhula okumangalisayo, inkampani inabasebenzi abangu-100%.
IHuawei kube yindaba ephikiswana ngayo njengoba izikhulu zaseMelika zisola ukuthi uhulumeni waseChina ubambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi lenkampani.
Ngaphandle kweMelika, uHuawei uyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula okusheshayo kokuthengisa emhlabeni wonke.
Akukho okukhombisa ukuthi inkampani ihlela ukunikezwa komphakathi noma ukufakwa kuhlu.
I-Huawei yenza kuphi ibhizinisi layo futhi ingenzi kuphi?
Ukungabaza komhlaba wonke mayelana neHuawei sekukhulile eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngombiko weCongress yase-US yango-2012 egqamisa ubungozi bezokuphepha bokusebenzisa imishini yenkampani. Yize uHuawei ethi iphethwe ngabasebenzi abangu-100%, izikhulu zase-US ziyangabaza ukuthi uhulumeni waseShayina kanye neQembu LamaKhomanisi bangayithonya. Umthetho waseShayina odinga izinkampani zaseChina ukuthi zisize amanethiwekhi kazwelonke wezobunhloli, owaphasiswa ngo-2019, ukhuphule lokhu kukhathazeka.
Izijeziso zase-US ngokumelene neHuawei
Ezinyangeni eziyi-14 ezedlule, i-US yabeka unswinyo kuHuawei, ngokusho ukuthi inkampani ingasavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe baseMelika. Lezi zijeziso zaba yisici esinqumayo se-UK ekumemezeleni ukuvinjelwa kwemikhiqizo evela kumkhiqizi waseChina. "I-UK ngeke isakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi izokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemishini yeHuawei 5G yesikhathi esizayo ethintwa izinguquko emithethweni eqondile yemikhiqizo yangaphandle yase-US," kusho u-Oliver Dowden, ungqongqoshe wedijithali wezwe, esitatimendeni.
NgoJanuwari 2018, izinkampani zeselula ezinkulu zaseMelika i-AT&T ne-Verizon zayeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-Huawei kumanethiwekhi azo. Ngo-Agasti, i-Australia yanquma ukungasebenzisi imikhiqizo yenkampani njengoba yakha amanethiwekhi ayo e-5G ezweni lonke. NgoNovemba, iNew Zealand yavala iSpark, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zezokuxhumana ezweni, ekusebenziseni imikhiqizo yeHuawei kunethiwekhi yayo ye-5G. Ngaphandle kwezinqumo zohulumeni bala mazwe, uHuawei angakwazi ukwenza ibhizinisi nezinkampani ezizimele kuzo zonke.
Ngomhla lu-1 kuZibandlela wezi-2018, ngesicelo sikahulumeni wase-US, izikhulu zaseCanada zabopha uMeng Wanzhou, isikhulu sezezimali se-Huawei nendodakazi yomsunguli wale nkampani. NgoJanuwari 29, 2019, uhulumeni wase-US wafaka isicelo esisemthethweni sokuthi abuyiselwe ezweni, ethi wephule unswinyo lwase-US ngokumelene ne-Iran. I-United States iphinde yavimbela uHuawei ekwenzeni ibhizinisi nezinkampani zikahulumeni waseMelika ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezigwegwe.
NgoJuni 2019, uMongameli uTrump wasusa imikhawulo kuHuawei njengengxenye yezingxoxo zohwebo eziqhubekayo phakathi kwe-US neChina. Kodwa-ke, uHuawei umemezele izinhlelo zokunqamula imisebenzi engama-600 eSanta Clara, eCalifornia, futhi wanquma ukuthuthela lesi sikhungo eCanada ngoDisemba 2019.
UHuawei uyenza kanjani imali?
I-Huawei isebenza kunkampani yenethiwekhi, izinkampani kanye nezigaba zabathengi. Ngenxa yokuthi inkampani ayidayiselwanga esidlangalaleni, ayithengiswa kunoma iyiphi imakethe yamasheya futhi akudingekile ukuthi ifake ukugcwalisa nge-Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Nokho, isabika njalo amaholo ayo.
Embikweni wayo wonyaka ka-2018, inkampani ibike imali engenayo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-8,8 zamaRandi, ikhuphuke ngo-19,5% kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Inzuzo yeqe ngo-25%. Le nkampani ithe ithengise ama-smartphones angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ngo-2018, okusho ukuthi ikhuphuke kakhulu isuka ezigidini ezi-3 eyathengiswa ngo-2010.
UHuawei ubike ukuthi ibhizinisi eChina likhule ngo-19% ngo-2018, e-Asia-Pacific likhule ngo-15%, e-EMEA (eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika) likhule ngo-24,2%, kanti eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika - lehle ngo-7% kanye nemibukiso. ukwehla onyakeni wesibili ilandelana.
Kungani ungakwazi ukutshala imali kuHuawei?
UHuawei uphethwe ngasese ngabasebenzi baseShayina. Noma ubani osebenzela inkampani engaphandle kwaseShayina akakwazi ukuthenga amasheya ayo. Abanikazi bamasheya benkampani bayavuma ukuthi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukwakheka kwenkampani, abatholi ulwazi olusha mayelana nempahla yabo, futhi abanawo amalungelo okuvota. Amalungu ezinyunyana angu-XNUMX akhetha abantu abayisishiyagalolunye abazohambela umhlangano waminyaka yonke wabaninimasheya. Abaninimasheya bathola izabelo futhi banethuba lokuzuza amabhonasi asekelwe ekusebenzeni. Amaholo abo nawo abuyekezwa njalo ngonyaka.
Ngo-2014, abaphathi abaphezulu bakwaHuawei babuzwa ukuthi bazolubheka yini uhlu lwemakethe yamasheya futhi impendulo yaba ngucha. Kepha ngezimo ezikhona manje ezizungeze inkampani, kungenzeka ukuthi iHuawei iye esidlangalaleni akhona, ikakhulukazi uma inkampani idinga imali eyengeziwe. Mancane amathuba okuthi uHuawei angene emakethe yaseMelika ngenxa yobudlelwano obungebuhle kanye nedumela elikhulayo lenkampani njengenhloli.
Mayelana nokutshala imali kuHuawei, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "lapha futhi manje" - kunesixazululo esisodwa kuphela esingaba khona, kodwa kungokomfanekiso. Ukuze uthole izinzuzo, udinga ukuba yisisebenzi senkampani yase-Shenzhen (China), futhi wenze abaphathi bakholwe ukuthi awuyona inhloli.
Good luck!
Source: www.habr.com