U-Tim Lister - umbhali ohlanganyele wezincwadi
- "Isici somuntu. Amaphrojekthi Aphumelelayo Namaqembu" (incwadi yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi "Peopleware")
- "I-Waltzing with the Bears: Ukuphatha Ubungozi kumaphrojekthi weSoftware"
- “I-Adrenaline iyahlanya futhi yenziwe amaphethini. Amaphethini okuziphatha kwamaqembu ephrojekthi"
Zonke lezi zincwadi ezakudala emkhakheni wazo futhi zabhalwa kanye nozakwabo ku . E-Russia, ozakwabo badume kakhulu - и , owabhala nezincwadi eziningi ezidumile.
U-Tim uneminyaka engu-40 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe ku-1975 (akekho kulabo ababhala le habrapost owazalwa kulo nyaka), u-Tim wayesevele eyisekela likamongameli we-Youdon Inc. Manje uchitha isikhathi sakhe ebonisana, efundisa, futhi ebhala, ngokuvakashelwa ngezikhathi ezithile izingqungquthela emhlabeni jikelele.
Senze inhlolokhono noTim Lister ikakhulukazi uHabr. Uzobe evula ingqungquthela ye-Devoops 2019, futhi sinemibuzo eminingi, mayelana nezincwadi nokunye. Inhlolokhono iqhutshwa uMikhail Druzhinin no-Oleg Chirukhin abavela ekomitini lezinhlelo zengqungquthela.
UMichael: Ungasho amazwi ambalwa ngalokho okwenzayo manje?
U-Tim: Ngiyinhloko ye-Atlantic Systems Guild. Siyisithupha kuGuild, sizibiza ngothishanhloko. Abathathu e-USA nabathathu eYurophu - yingakho inhlangano ibizwa nge-Atlantic. Sesihlale ndawonye iminyaka eminingi kangangokuthi awukwazi ukubala. Sonke sinezici zethu ezikhethekile. Bengisebenza namakhasimende kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu. Amaphrojekthi ami awabandakanyi ukuphatha kuphela, kodwa nokusethwa kwezidingo, ukuhlela iphrojekthi, nokuhlola. Kubonakala sengathi amaphrojekthi aqala kabi ngokuvamile aphetha kabi. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke imisebenzi icatshangwe kahle futhi ididiyelwe, ukuthi imibono yabadali ihlangene. Kufanelekile ukucabanga ngalokho okwenzayo nokuthi kungani. Imaphi amasu ongawasebenzisa ukuze iphrojekthi iphele.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ngiluleka amaklayenti ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo esithakazelisayo yinkampani eyenza amarobhothi okuhlinzwa kwamadolo ne-hip. Udokotela ohlinzayo akasebenzi ngokuphelele ngokuzimela, kodwa usebenzisa irobhothi. Ukuphepha lapha, ukukhuluma ngokungananazi, kubalulekile. Kodwa uma uzama ukuxoxa ngezidingo nabantu abagxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga... Kuzozwakala kuxakile, kodwa e-USA kukhona (Federal Drug Administration), egunyaza imikhiqizo efana nalawa marobhothi. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthengise noma yini futhi uyisebenzise kubantu abaphilayo, udinga ukuthola ilayisense. Omunye wemibandela ukukhombisa izidingo zakho, ukuthi ziyini izivivinyo, ukuthi uzihlole kanjani, ithini imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Uma ushintsha izimfuneko, kuzomele udlule kuyo yonke le nqubo yokuhlola kaninginingi. Amaklayenti ethu akwazile ukufaka ukwakheka okubonakalayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingweni zawo. Babenezithombe-skrini ngokuqondile njengengxenye yezidingo. Kufanele sizikhiphe futhi sichaze ukuthi ingxenye enkulu zonke lezi zinhlelo azazi lutho ngamadolo nezinqulu, zonke lezi zinto ezinekhamera, njll. Kudingeka sibhale kabusha amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze angashintshi, ngaphandle uma izimo eziyisisekelo ezibalulekile zishintsha. Uma umklamo obonakalayo ungekho ezidingweni, ukubuyekeza umkhiqizo kuzoshesha kakhulu. Umsebenzi wethu ukuthola lezo zakhi eziphathelene nokusebenza emadolweni, ezinqeni, emhlane, sizikhiphe zibe imibhalo ehlukene futhi zithi lezi kuzoba yizidingo ezibalulekile. Masenze iqembu elingalodwa lezidingo mayelana nokusebenza kwamadolo. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi sakhe isethi yezimfuneko ezinzile. Sizokhuluma ngawo wonke umugqa womkhiqizo, hhayi ngamarobhothi athile.
Mningi umsebenzi owenziwayo, kodwa basafika ezindaweni lapho ngaphambili babechitha khona amasonto nezinyanga bevivinywa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kwencazelo noma isidingo, ngoba izimfuneko zabo ezichazwe ephepheni azihambisani nezidingo zangempela ezakhelwa zona lezi zinhlelo. I-FDA yabatshela ngaso sonke isikhathi: izidingo zakho zishintshile, manje udinga ukuhlola yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuhlolisiswa kabusha okuphelele kwawo wonke umkhiqizo bekubulala ibhizinisi.
Ngakho-ke, kunemisebenzi emihle kangaka lapho uzithola usekuqaleni kokuthile okuthakazelisayo, futhi izenzo zokuqala zibeka imithetho eyengeziwe yomdlalo. Uma uqinisekisa ukuthi lo msebenzi wangaphambi kwesikhathi uqala ukusebenza kahle kusukela ekubukeni kokubili kokuphatha nokwezobuchwepheshe, kukhona ithuba lokuthi uzogcina unephrojekthi enhle. Kodwa uma le ngxenye iphumile emgwaqeni futhi yahamba endaweni ethile engalungile, uma ungakwazi ukuthola izivumelwano eziyisisekelo ... cha, akukhona ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho izohluleka ngempela. Kepha ngeke usakwazi ukuthi: "Senze kahle, senze konke ngempumelelo impela." Lezi yizinto engizenzayo lapho ngixhumana namakhasimende.
UMichael: Okusho ukuthi, wethula amaphrojekthi, wenze uhlobo oluthile lokukhahlela bese uhlola ukuthi ojantshi baqonde endaweni efanele?
U-Tim: Siphinde sibe nemibono yokuthi singahlanganisa kanjani zonke izingcezu zephazili: yimaphi amakhono esiwadingayo, adingeka nini ngempela, ukuthi ingqikithi yeqembu ibukeka kanjani nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngabe siyabadinga abasebenzi abaqashwe ngokugcwele noma singaqasha umuntu itoho? Ukuhlela, ukuphatha. Imibuzo efana nalena: Yini ebaluleke kakhulu kule phrojekthi ethile? Ukufeza kanjani lokhu? Yini esiyaziyo ngalo mkhiqizo noma iphrojekthi, yiziphi izingozi futhi lapho okungaziwa kulele khona, sizobhekana kanjani nakho konke lokhu? Yiqiniso, kulo mzuzu othile uqala ukumemeza "Kuthiwani nge-agile?!" Kulungile, nonke niyavumelana nezimo, kodwa pho? Ibukeka kanjani ngempela iphrojekthi, uzoyikhipha kanjani ngendlela evumelana nomsebenzi? Ngeke nje usho ukuthi "indlela yethu ifinyelela kunoma yini, siyiqembu leScrum!" Lokhu kungamampunge namampunge. Uzoya kuphi ngokulandelayo, kungani kufanele isebenze, ikuphi iphuzu? Ngifundisa amaklayenti ami ukuthi acabange ngayo yonke le mibuzo.
Iminyaka engu-19 ubudala
UMichael: Ku-Agile, abantu bavame ukuzama ukungachazi lutho kusengaphambili, kodwa ukwenza izinqumo sekwephuzile ngangokunokwenzeka, bethi: sisikhulu kakhulu, ngeke ngicabange mayelana nezakhiwo jikelele. Ngeke ngicabange ngenqwaba yezinye izinto; esikhundleni salokho, ngizoletha okuthile okusebenzayo ekhasimendeni njengamanje.
U-Tim: Ngicabanga ukuthi izindlela ze-agile, ziqala ngo-2001, wavula amehlo embonini. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho lutho oluphelele. Ngingowokuthuthuka okuphindaphindayo. Ukuphindaphinda kwenza umqondo omkhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Kodwa umbuzo okufanele ucabange ngawo: uma umkhiqizo usuphumile futhi ususetshenziswa, uhlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe lona umkhiqizo ozohlala izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuthi ushintshwe ngokunye? Noma ingabe lokhu kuwumkhiqizo ozosebenza iminyaka eminingi, eminingi? Yebo, ngeke ngiwasho amagama, kodwa ... E-New York kanye nomphakathi wayo wezezimali, izinhlelo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zindala kakhulu. Kuyamangaza lokhu. Uyababheka futhi ucabange, ukube nje ungabuyela emuva ngesikhathi, ku-1994, futhi utshele abathuthukisi ukuthi: "Ngivela esikhathini esizayo, kusukela ngo-2019. Vele uthuthukise lolu hlelo isikhathi eside njengoba udinga. Kwenze kunwetshwe, cabanga ngezakhiwo. Ngemuva kwalokho izothuthukiswa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Uma ubambezela intuthuko isikhashana, ohlelweni olukhulu lwezinto akekho ozoqaphela! ” Uma ulinganisela izinto esikhathini eside, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi izobiza malini sezizonke. Ngezinye izikhathi izakhiwo eziklanywe kahle zikufanele ngempela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akunjalo. Kudingeka sibheke nxazonke futhi sizibuze: ingabe sisesimweni esifanele ngesinqumo esinjalo?
Ngakho-ke umbono onjengokuthi “Sifuna ukushesha, ikhasimende ngokwalo lizositshela ukuthi lifuna ukukuthola ini” - awuhlakaniphile. Amakhasimende akazi nokuthi afunani, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu awazi ukuthi yini angayithola. Abanye abantu bazoqala ukucaphuna izibonelo zomlando njengezingxabano, sengikubonile lokhu. Kodwa abantu abathuthuke ngokobuchwepheshe abavamisile ukusho lokho. Bathi: “Ngu-2019, lawa amathuba esinawo, futhi singayishintsha ngokuphelele indlela esibheka ngayo lezi zinto!” Esikhundleni sokulingisa izixazululo ezikhona, uzenze zibe zinhle futhi zikame kakhudlwana, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka uphume uthi: “Masikusungule kabusha ngokuphelele esizama ukukwenza lapha!”
Futhi angicabangi ukuthi amakhasimende amaningi angacabanga ngale nkinga ngaleyo ndlela. Babona kuphela lokho asebenakho, yilokho kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho beza nezicelo ezinjengokuthi “asenze lokhu kube lula,” noma noma yini abavamise ukuyisho. Kodwa asibona oweta noma oweta, ngakho singakwazi ukuthatha i-oda kungakhathaliseki ukuthi livela liwubulima kangakanani bese silibhaka ekhishini. Thina singabaqondisi babo. Kufanele sibavule amehlo bese sithi: hey, sinamathuba amasha lapha! Uyaqaphela ukuthi singayishintsha ngempela indlela le ngxenye yebhizinisi lakho eyenziwa ngayo? Enye yezinkinga nge-Agile ukuthi isusa ukuqwashisa ukuthi yini ithuba, yini inkinga, yini okudingeka siyenze, yiziphi ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo obufaneleka kangcono kulesi simo esithile.
Mhlawumbe nginokungabaza ngokweqile lapha: ziningi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka emphakathini osaguga. Kodwa nginenkinga yokuthi esikhundleni sokuchaza iphrojekthi, abantu baqala ukuphonsa izandla zabo. Bengingabuza lapha - senzani, sizokwenza kanjani? Futhi ngandlela-thile ngomlingo kuhlale kuvela ukuthi iklayenti kufanele lazi kangcono kunanoma ubani. Kodwa iklayenti lazi kangcono kuphela lapho likhetha ezintweni esezakhiwe ngothile. Uma ngifuna ukuthenga imoto futhi ngibazi nobukhulu besabelomali somndeni wami, ngizobe sengikhetha ngokushesha imoto evumelana nendlela yami yokuphila. Lapha ngazi konke kangcono kunanoma ubani! Kodwa ngicela uqaphele ukuthi kukhona osekwenzile izimoto. Angazi ukuthi ngingayisungula kanjani imoto entsha, angiyena uchwepheshe. Uma sakha imikhiqizo yangokwezifiso noma ekhethekile, izwi lekhasimende kufanele licatshangelwe, kodwa leli akuselona lodwa izwi.
U-Oleg: Ukhulume nge-Agile Manifesto. Ingabe sidinga ukuyibuyekeza ngandlela thize noma siyibuyekeze ngokucabangela ukuqonda kwesimanje kwendaba?
U-Tim: Bengingeke ngimthinte. Ngicabanga ukuthi idokhumenti yomlando enhle kakhulu. Ngisho ukuthi uyilokhu ayikho. Uhlanganisa iminyaka engu-19 ubudala, usekhulile, kodwa ngesikhathi sakhe wenza uguquko. Akwenza kahle wukuthi uvuse ukusabela abantu bahleba ngaye. Wena, cishe, ubungakasebenzi embonini ngo-2001, kodwa-ke wonke umuntu wasebenza ngokuvumelana nezinqubo. I-Software Engineering Institute, amazinga amahlanu emodeli yokuqedela isofthiwe (CMMI). Angazi noma izinganekwane ezinjalo zasendulo ezijulile zikutshela okuthile, kodwa-ke kwaba impumelelo. Ekuqaleni, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi uma izinqubo zihlelwe kahle, izinkinga zizonyamalala ngokwazo. Bese kuthi iManifesto ifike ithi: “Cha, cha, cha – sizobe sisekelwe kubantu, hhayi izinqubo.” Singompetha ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Siyaqonda ukuthi inqubo ekahle iyisaga ayenzeki. Kukhona idiosyncrasy eningi kakhulu kumaphrojekthi, umqondo wenqubo eyodwa ephelele yawo wonke amaphrojekthi awenzi umqondo. Izinkinga ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukusho ukuthi kunesixazululo esisodwa kuphela kuyo yonke into (sawubona, i-nirvana).
Angicabangi ukubheka esikhathini esizayo, kodwa ngizosho ukuthi abantu manje sebeqalile ukucabanga okwengeziwe ngamaphrojekthi. Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Agile Manifesto inhle kakhulu ekugxumeni bese ithi, “Heyi! Usemkhunjini, futhi wena ngokwakho ushayela lo mkhumbi. Kuzodingeka wenze isinqumo - ngeke siphakamise iresiphi yendawo yonke yazo zonke izimo. Ungabasebenzi bomkhumbi, futhi uma umuhle ngokwanele, ungathola indlela eya egoli. Bekuneminye imikhumbi ngaphambi kwakho, futhi kuzoba neminye imikhumbi emva kwakho, kodwa nokho, ngomqondo othile, uhambo lwakho luhlukile. Into efana naleyo! Kuyindlela yokucabanga. Kimina akukho okusha phansi kwelanga, abantu bake bahamba ngomkhumbi futhi bazophinde bahambe, kodwa kuwena lolu uhambo lwakho olukhulu, futhi ngeke ngikutshele ukuthi yini ngempela ezokwenzeka kuwe. Kufanele ube namakhono omsebenzi odidiyelwe eqenjini, futhi uma unawo ngempela, konke kuzolunga futhi uzofika lapho ubufuna khona.
Abantu: eminyakeni engama-30 kamuva
U-Oleg: Ingabe i-Peopleware yayiwuguquko kanye neManifesto?
U-Tim: Peopleware... Mina noTom sabhala le ncwadi, kodwa asizange sicabange ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kanje. Ngandlela thize yahambisana nemibono yabantu abaningi. Lena kwakuyincwadi yokuqala eyathi: ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuwumsebenzi odinga abantu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemvelo yethu yobuchwepheshe, siphinde sibe umphakathi wabantu abakha into enkulu, enkulu, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akekho ongadala izinto ezinjalo yedwa, akunjalo? Ngakho umqondo "weqembu" waba obaluleke kakhulu. Futhi hhayi nje ngombono wokuphatha, kodwa nakubantu bezobuchwepheshe abahlangene ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezijulile eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenqwaba yezinto ezingaziwa. Kimina uqobo, lokhu kube isivivinyo esikhulu sobuhlakani kuwo wonke umsebenzi wami. Futhi lapha udinga ukwazi ukuthi: yebo, le nkinga ingaphezu kwalokho engingakwazi ukuyisingatha ngedwa, kodwa ndawonye singathola isisombululo esihle esingaziqhenya ngaso. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi yilo mbono owazwakala kakhulu. Umqondo wokuthi sisebenza ingxenye yesikhathi sodwa, ingxenye yesikhathi njengengxenye yeqembu, futhi ngokuvamile isinqumo sithathwa yiqembu. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zeqembu ngokushesha kube isici esibalulekile samaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uTim unikeze inombolo enkulu yezinkulumo, zimbalwa kakhulu zazo ezifakwe ku-YouTube. Ungabheka umbiko othi “The Return of Peopleware” kusukela ngo-2007. Ikhwalithi, yebo, ishiya okuningi okungafunwa.
UMichael: Ingabe kukhona okushintshile kule minyaka engu-30 le ncwadi yanyatheliswa?
U-Tim: Ungabheka lokhu ema-engeli amaningi ahlukene. Ngokukhuluma ngokwenhlalonhle... kanye kanye, ngezikhathi ezilula, wena nethimba lakho nahlala ehhovisi elilodwa. Ningaba seduze nsuku zonke, niphuze ikhofi ndawonye futhi nixoxe ngomsebenzi. Okushintshile ngempela ukuthi amaqembu manje angase asatshalaliswe ngokwendawo, emazweni ahlukene nasezindaweni zesikhathi, kodwa asasebenza ngenkinga efanayo, futhi lokhu kwengeza ungqimba olusha oluyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyisikole sakudala, kodwa akukho okufana nokukhulumisana ubuso nobuso lapho nindawonye, nisebenza ndawonye, futhi ningakwazi ukuya kosebenza naye nithi, bhekani engikutholile, nikuthanda kanjani lokhu? Izingxoxo zobuso nobuso zinikeza indlela esheshayo yokushintshela ekuxhumaneni okungakahleleki, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi abathanda izinto ezivuthiwe kufanele bakuthande nabo. Futhi ngikhathazekile ngoba empeleni umhlaba uphenduke waba mncane kakhulu, futhi manje wonke umbozwe ngamaqembu asabalalisiwe, futhi konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Sonke sihlala ku-DevOps
UMichael: Ngisho nangokombono wekomidi lohlelo lwenkomfa, sinabantu baseCalifornia, eNew York, Europe, Russia... akukabikho muntu eSingapore. Umehluko ku-geography mkhulu kakhulu, futhi abantu sebeqala ukusabalala nakakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngentuthuko, ungasitshela kabanzi mayelana nama-devops kanye nokudiliza imigoqo phakathi kwamaqembu? Kunomqondo wokuthi wonke umuntu uhlezi emakamelweni abo, futhi manje ama-bunkers ayawa, ucabangani ngalesi sifaniso?
U-Tim: Kimina kubonakala sengathi uma kubhekwa impumelelo yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe, ama-devops abaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambilini, ubunamaqembu onjiniyela nabaphathi, asebenza, asebenza, asebenza, futhi ngesinye isikhathi kwavela into ongeza ngayo kubaphathi futhi uyikhiphe ukuze ikhiqizwe. Futhi lapha ingxoxo mayelana ne-bunker yaqala, ngoba abalawuli bangabalingani, hhayi izitha, okungenani, kodwa ukhulume nabo kuphela lapho konke sekulungele ukuya ekukhiqizeni. Ingabe uye kubo nokuthile wathi: bheka ukuthi yisiphi isicelo esinaso, kodwa ungakwazi ukukhipha lolu hlelo lokusebenza? Futhi manje wonke umqondo wokulethwa ushintshile waba ngcono. Ngisho, bekunalo mbono wokuthi ungaphusha izinguquko ngokushesha. Singabuyekeza imikhiqizo ngokuphazima kweso. Ngihlala ngimamatheka lapho iFirefox kukhompuyutha yami ephathekayo iphuma futhi ithi, heyi, sibuyekeze iFirefox yakho ngemuva, futhi uma nje unomzuzu, ungakhathazeka ngokuchofoza lapha futhi sizokunikeza ukukhishwa kwakamuva. Futhi ngathi, "O yebo, baby!" Ngenkathi ngilele, bebesebenzela ukungilethela ukukhishwa okusha kukhompuyutha yami. Lokhu kuyamangalisa, kuyamangaza.
Kodwa nabu ubunzima: unalesi sici ngokubuyekeza isofthiwe, kodwa ukuhlanganisa abantu kunzima kakhulu. Engifuna ukukusho ku-DevOops keynote ukuthi manje sinabadlali abaningi kunabo bonke esake saba nabo. Uma ucabanga ngawo wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza eqenjini elilodwa nje…. Ukucabange njengeqembu, futhi kungaphezulu kakhulu kweqembu labahleli bohlelo. Laba ngabahloli, abaphathi bephrojekthi, nenqwaba yabanye abantu. Futhi wonke umuntu unemibono yakhe emhlabeni. Abaphathi bomkhiqizo bahluke ngokuphelele kubaphathi bephrojekthi. Abaphathi banemisebenzi yabo. Kuba yinkinga enzima ukuhlanganisa bonke ababambiqhaza ukuze baqhubeke nokuqaphela okwenzekayo futhi bangahlanyi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi yeqembu kanye nemisebenzi esebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Lona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngicabanga ukuthi konke kungcono kakhulu kunaseminyakeni eminingi edlule. Lona kanye umgwaqo abantu abakhulela kuwo futhi bafunde ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele. Uma wenza ukuhlanganiswa, uyaqonda ukuthi akufanele kube khona ukuthuthukiswa okungaphansi komhlaba, ukuze ngomzuzu wokugcina isofthiwe ingakhasi njenge-jack-in-the-box: njengokuthi, bheka ukuthi senzeni lapha! Umqondo wukuthi uzokwazi ukwenza ukuhlanganisa nokuthuthuka, futhi ekugcineni uzophuma ngendlela ehlanzekile nephindaphindayo. Konke lokhu kusho lukhulu kimina. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukudala inani elithe xaxa kubasebenzisi bohlelo kanye neklayenti lakho.
UMichael: Umqondo wonke we-devops ukuletha intuthuko enengqondo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngiyabona ukuthi umhlaba usuqalile ukushesha kakhulu. Ungazivumelanisa kanjani nokusheshisa okunjalo? Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule lokhu kwakungekho!
U-Tim: Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu ufuna ukusebenza okwengeziwe. Asikho isidingo sokunyakaza, vele unqwabelane okwengeziwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele wehlise ijubane ukuze uthole isibuyekezo esilandelayo esikhulayo ukuze ulethe noma yini ewusizo - futhi lokho kuvamile ngokuphelele.
Umqondo wokuthi udinga ukugijima, ukugijima, ukugijima akuyona into engcono kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani ofuna ukuphila impilo yakhe kanjalo. Ngingathanda isigqi sokulethwa ukuze sisethe isigqi sephrojekthi. Uma nje ukhiqiza umfudlana wezinto ezincane, ezingenangqondo uma kuqhathaniswa, konke akuhlangani nalutho. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukukhulula izinto ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okufanelekile ukuxoxa nabathuthukisi abaholayo kanye nabaphathi bomkhiqizo nabaphathi bephrojekthi isu. Ingabe lokhu kunengqondo?
Amaphethini nama-antipattern
U-Oleg: Ngokuvamile ukhuluma ngamaphethini nama-antipattern, futhi lokhu umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa kwamaphrojekthi. Futhi manje, ama-devops aqhuma ezimpilweni zethu. Ingabe inamaphethini ayo kanye namaphethini aphikisanayo angabulala iphrojekthi ngaso leso sikhathi?
U-Tim: Amaphethini namaphethini aphikisanayo kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kukhona ongakhuluma ngakho. Hhayi-ke, kukhona le nto esiyibiza ngokuthi "izinto ezicwebezelayo." Abantu ngempela, ngempela ubuchwepheshe obusha. Bamane bamangazwe ukukhanya kwayo yonke into ebukeka ipholile futhi isesitayeleni, futhi bayayeka ukubuza imibuzo: ingabe kuyadingeka? Yini esizoyifinyelela? Ingabe le nto inokwethenjelwa, ingabe iwenza umqondo? Ngivame ukubona abantu, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, besezingeni eliphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Baluthwa yizinto ezenzeka emhlabeni. Kodwa uma ubhekisisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziwusizo ezizenzayo, ngokuvamile akukho lutho oluwusizo!
Besixoxa nje namaqabane ethu ukuthi lo nyaka wunyaka wokugubha iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu abantu bafika enyangeni. Lokhu kwakungo-1969. Ubuchwepheshe obasiza abantu ukuba bafike lapho abukho ngisho nobuchwepheshe be-1969, kodwa kunalokho i-1960 noma i-62, ngoba i-NASA yayifuna ukusebenzisa kuphela lokho okunobufakazi obuhle bokuthembeka. Futhi ngakho uyakubuka futhi uqonde - yebo, futhi babeyiqiniso! Manje, cha, cha, kodwa ungena ezinkingeni ngobuchwepheshe ngoba nje yonke into iphushwa kanzima, ithengiswe kuzo zonke izimfa. Abantu bayamemeza kuyo yonke indawo: “Bheka, yeka into, lena into entsha kakhulu, into enhle kakhulu emhlabeni, efanele wonke umuntu!” Hhayi-ke, yilokho ... ngokuvamile konke lokhu kuphenduka inkohliso nje, bese konke kufanele kulahlwe. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi vele ngiyikhehla futhi ngibheka izinto ezinjalo ngokukhulu ukungabaza, lapho abantu bephelelwa yisikhathi bathi bathole Indlela Yodwa, Elungile Kakhulu Yokudala Ubuchwepheshe Obungcono Kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvuka izwi ngaphakathi kimi elithi: “Yeka isiphithiphithi!”
UMichael: Ngempela, kukangaki sizwa ngenhlamvu yesiliva elandelayo?
U-Tim: Impela, futhi lena inkambo evamile yezinto! Isibonelo ... kubonakala sengathi lokhu sekuvele kuyihlaya emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa lapha abantu bavame ukukhuluma ngobuchwepheshe be-blockchain. Futhi empeleni zinengqondo ezimweni ezithile! Lapho udinga ngempela ubufakazi obuthembekile bemicimbi, ukuthi uhlelo luyasebenza nokuthi akekho osikhohlisile, lapho unezinkinga zokuphepha nazo zonke lezo zinto ezixutshwe ndawonye - i-blockchain inengqondo. Kodwa uma bethi iBlockchain isizoshanela umhlaba wonke, ishanele yonke into esendleleni yayo? Phupha okwengeziwe! Lona ubuchwepheshe obubiza kakhulu futhi obuyinkimbinkimbi. Iyinkimbinkimbi ngokobuchwepheshe futhi idla isikhathi. Kuhlanganisa ngokwe-algorithmically kuphela, ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukubala kabusha izibalo, ngoshintsho oluncane... futhi lona umqondo omuhle - kodwa ezimweni ezithile kuphela. Impilo yami yonke nomsebenzi wami bekulokhu: imibono ethokozisayo ezimeni eziqondile kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda kahle ukuthi isimo sakho siyini.
UMichael: Yebo, "umbuzo wokuphila, indawo yonke nakho konke" oyinhloko: ingabe lobu buchwepheshe noma indlela ifanele isimo sakho noma cha?
U-Tim: Lo mbuzo usungaxoxwa kakade neqembu lobuchwepheshe. Mhlawumbe uze ulethe umxhumanisi. Bheka iphrojekthi futhi uqonde - ingabe manje sizokwenza okuthile okulungile nokuwusizo, okungcono kunangaphambili? Mhlawumbe izolingana, mhlawumbe ngeke. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, musa ukwenza isinqumo esinjalo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngenxa nje yokuthi othile uvele waphumisela: “Siyidinga kakhulu i-blockchain! Ngisanda kufunda ngaye kumagazini endizeni!” Ngokujulile? Ayihlekisi nakancane.
Inganekwane "devops engineer"
U-Oleg: Manje wonke umuntu usebenzisa ama-devops. Othile ufunda ngama-devops ku-inthanethi, futhi kusasa kuvela esinye isikhala endaweni yokuqasha. "unjiniyela we-devops". Lapha ngithanda ukudonsa ukunaka kwakho: ucabanga ukuthi leli gama elithi, "devops engineer," linelungelo lokuphila? Kunombono wokuthi i-devops isiko, futhi kukhona okungahlangani lapha.
U-Tim: Ngakho-ke. Bavumele ngokushesha banikeze incazelo yaleli gama. Okuthile okwenza kuhluke. Kuze kube yilapho befakazela ukuthi kunenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamakhono ngemuva kwesikhala esinjengalesi, ngeke ngisithenge! Ngiqonde ukuthi, sinesihloko somsebenzi, "unjiniyela we-devops," isihloko esithokozisayo, yebo, yini elandelayo? Izihloko zemisebenzi ngokuvamile ziyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ake sithi "unjiniyela" - kuyini noma kunjalo? Izinhlangano ezehlukene zisho izinto ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izinkampani, abahleli bezinhlelo bekhwalithi ephezulu babhala izivivinyo ezinengqondo kunezivivinyo ezibhalwe abahloli abakhethekile kwezinye izinkampani. Manje-ke, ingabe sebengabahleli bohlelo noma abahloli?
Yebo, sineziqu zemisebenzi, kodwa uma ubuza imibuzo isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ekugcineni kuvele ukuthi sonke singabaxazululi bezinkinga. Singabafuni bezixazululo, futhi abanye banamakhono athile obuchwepheshe kanti abanye banawahlukile. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-DevOps ingene khona, uzibandakanya ekuhlanganisweni kwentuthuko nokuphatha, futhi lo msebenzi unenjongo ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa uma ubuzwa ukuthi yini ngempela oyenzayo nokuthi ubhekene nani, kuvele ukuthi abantu bebezenza zonke lezi zinto kusukela kudala. "Nginomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha", "Nginesibopho semininingwane yolwazi" nokunye, noma ngabe, uyabona - konke lokhu bekungaphambi kokuthi "ama-devops".
Uma othile engitshela igama lakhe lomsebenzi, angilaleli kakhulu. Kungcono ukumvumela ukuthi akutshele ukuthi empeleni unecala ngani, lokhu kuzosivumela ukuba siqonde udaba kangcono kakhulu. Isibonelo sami engisithandayo yilapho umuntu ethi "ungumphathi wephrojekthi." Ini? Akusho lutho, namanje angazi wenzani. Umphathi wephrojekthi angaba umthuthukisi, umholi weqembu labantu abane, ukubhala ikhodi, ukwenza umsebenzi, osephenduke umholi weqembu, abantu ngokwabo abaqaphela phakathi kwabo njengomholi. Futhi, umphathi wephrojekthi angaba umphathi ophethe abantu abangamakhulu ayisithupha kuphrojekthi, ophethe abanye abaphathi, unesibopho sokudweba amashejuli nokuhlela isabelomali, yilokho kuphela. Lena imihlaba emibili ehluke ngokuphelele! Kodwa isihloko sabo somsebenzi sizwakala sifana.
Ake sikuguqule lokhu ngokuhlukile. Yini onekhono ngayo ngempela, unolwazi oluningi, unalo ithalente lakho? Yini ozoyithwala ngoba ucabanga ukuthi ungawusingatha umsebenzi? Futhi lapha othile uzoqala ngokushesha ukuphika: cha, cha, cha, anginaso isifiso sokubhekana nezinsiza zephrojekthi nhlobo, akusiyo ibhizinisi lami, ngingumuntu wezobuchwepheshe futhi ngiyaqonda ukusebenziseka kanye ne-interfaces yomsebenzisi, angiqondi. ngifuna ukuphatha amabutho abantu nhlobo, ngidedele ngiyosebenza.
Futhi-ke, ngingumsekeli omkhulu wendlela lapho lolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwamakhono lusebenza kahle. Lapho ochwepheshe bengakwazi ukukhulisa imisebenzi yabo ngendlela abafuna ngayo. Nokho, ngisabona izinhlangano lapho ama-techies ekhononda khona: Kuzofanele ngingene ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi ngoba iyona ndlela kuphela kule nkampani. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni esabekayo. Ama-techies angcono kakhulu akubona abaphathi abalungile nhlobo, futhi abaphathi abangcono kakhulu abakwazi ukuphatha ubuchwepheshe. Asikhulume iqiniso ngalokhu.
Ngibona kunesidingo esikhulu salokhu manje. Uma uyi-techie, inkampani yakho ingakusiza, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayidinga, udinga ngempela ukuthola indlela yakho yomsebenzi ngoba ubuchwepheshe bulokhu bushintsha futhi udinga ukuzisungula kabusha kanye nabo! Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nje, ubuchwepheshe bungashintsha okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ubuchwepheshe yinto exakile...
"Ochwepheshe kukho konke"
UMichael: Abantu bangabhekana kanjani nesivinini esingaka sokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe? Ubunkimbinkimbi babo buyanda, inani labo liyakhula, inani eliphelele lokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nalo liyakhula, futhi kuvela ukuthi awukwazi ukuba “uchwepheshe kukho konke.”
U-Tim: Kulungile! Uma usebenza kwezobuchwepheshe, yebo, nakanjani udinga ukukhetha okuthile okuqondile futhi ujule kukho. Obunye ubuchwepheshe inhlangano yakho ebuthola buwusizo (futhi mhlawumbe bungaba wusizo ngempela). Futhi uma ungasenayo isithakazelo - bengingeke ngikholwe ukuthi ngingakusho lokhu - kahle, mhlawumbe kufanele uthuthele kwenye inhlangano lapho ubuchwepheshe buthakazelisa kakhulu noma kulula kakhulu ukufunda.
Kodwa ngokuvamile, yebo, uqinisile. Ubuchwepheshe bukhula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngesikhathi esisodwa; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunabantu abayizipontshi abamunca ngokoqobo ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe futhi bayahlanya ngakho. Ngike ngabona abambalwa abanjalo, baphefumula ngokoqobo futhi baphile, kuyasiza futhi kuyathakazelisa ukukhuluma nabo. Abafundisi kuphela okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, kodwa ngokuvamile, bakhuluma ngakho, futhi bangochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abapholile ngempela, baqaphela kakhulu futhi banenjongo. Bazama nje ukuhlala phezu kwegagasi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko uyini, ngoba uthando lwabo ukuhamba kweThekhinoloji, ukukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe. Uma ngokuzumayo uhlangana nomuntu onjalo, kufanele uye naye esidlweni sasemini futhi nixoxe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezipholile ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngicabanga ukuthi noma iyiphi inhlangano idinga okungenani abantu abambalwa abanjalo.
Izingozi nokungaqiniseki
UMichael: Onjiniyela abahlonishwayo, yebo. Ake sithinte ukulawulwa kobungozi ngesikhathi sinesikhathi. Siqale le ngxoxo ngengxoxo yesofthiwe yezokwelapha, lapho amaphutha angaholela emiphumeleni ebuhlungu. Sabe sesikhuluma ngoHlelo Lwenyanga, lapho izindleko zephutha ziyizigidi zamaRandi, futhi mhlawumbe nokuphila kwabantu abambalwa. Kodwa manje ngibona ukunyakaza okuphambene embonini, abantu abacabangi ngezingozi, ungazami ukuzibikezela, ungaziboni ngisho nokuzibona.
U-Oleg: Hambisa ngokushesha futhi uphule izinto!
UMichael: Yebo, hamba ngokushesha, phula izinto, izinto eziningi kakhulu, uze ufe ngento ethile. Ngokombono wakho, unjiniyela omaphakathi kufanele abhekane kanjani nokulawulwa kwezingcuphe zokufunda manje?
U-Tim: Ake sidwebe umugqa lapha phakathi kwezinto ezimbili: izingozi nokungaqiniseki. Lezi yizinto ezahlukene. Ukungaqiniseki kwenzeka uma ungenayo idatha eyanele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze uthole impendulo eqondile. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi, uma othile ekubuza ukuthi "uzowuqeda nini umsebenzi," uma ungumuntu oqotho, uzothi, "Angazi." Awazi nje, futhi lokho kulungile. Awukafundi izinkinga futhi awujwayelene neqembu, awukwazi amakhono abo, njalonjalo. Lokhu ukungaqiniseki.
Izingozi ziphakama lapho izinkinga ezingase zivele sezibonakala. Lolu hlobo lwento lungenzeka, amathuba alo makhulu kunoziro, kodwa angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayikhulu, endaweni ethile phakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka noma yini, kusukela ekubambezelekeni nasekusebenzeni okungadingekile, kodwa ngisho nomphumela obulalayo wephrojekthi. Umphumela uma nithi - bafethu asigoqeni amambule siphume olwandle angeke siqede konke, period. Senze umcabango wokuthi le nto izosebenza, kodwa ayisebenzi nhlobo, sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka. Lezi izimo.
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga kulula ukuzixazulula uma sezivele sezivele, lapho inkinga yenzeka njengamanje. Kodwa uma inkinga iphambi kwakho, awenzi ukulawulwa kobungozi—wenza ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukulawula izinkinga. Uma ungunjiniyela oholayo noma umphathi, kufanele uzibuze ukuthi yini engenzeka engaholela ekubambezelekeni, ekumoshweni kwesikhathi, izindleko ezingadingekile, noma ukuwa kwayo yonke iphrojekthi? Yini ezosenza sime futhi siqale kabusha? Lapho zonke lezi zinto sezisebenza, siyokwenzenjani ngazo? Kunempendulo elula esebenzayo ezimweni eziningi: ungazibalekeli izingozi, zisebenze. Bona ukuthi ungaxazulula kanjani isimo esiyingozi, usinciphise sibe yize, usiguqule sisuke enkingeni sibe ngenye into. Esikhundleni sokuthi: kahle, sizoxazulula izinkinga njengoba ziphakama.
Ukungaqiniseki kanye nobungozi kufanele kube phambili kukho konke obhekana nakho. Ungathatha uhlelo lwephrojekthi, ubheke izingozi ezithile ezibucayi ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese uthi: sidinga ukubhekana nalokhu manje, ngoba uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungahambi kahle, akukho okunye okubalulekile. Akufanele ukhathazeke ngobuhle bendwangu yetafula etafuleni uma kungacaci ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukupheka isidlo sakusihlwa. Okokuqala udinga ukukhomba zonke izingozi zokulungiselela isidlo sakusihlwa esimnandi, ubhekane nazo, bese ucabanga ngazo zonke ezinye izinto ezingafaki usongo lwangempela.
Futhi, yini eyenza iphrojekthi yakho ihluke? Ake sibone ukuthi yini engenza iphrojekthi yethu ihambe ngaphandle komzila. Yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise amathuba okuba lokhu kwenzeke? Ngokuvamile awukwazi nje ukubenza bangabi namandla ngo-100% futhi usho ngonembeza ohlanzekile: "Yilokho kuphela, lokhu akuseyona inkinga, ingozi isixazululiwe!" Kimina lokhu kuwuphawu lokuziphatha kwabantu abadala. Lona umehluko phakathi kwengane nomuntu omdala - izingane zicabanga ukuthi azifi, ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle, konke kuzolunga! Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abadala babuka indlela izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala ezigxuma ngayo enkundleni yokudlala, zilandele ukunyakaza ngamehlo azo futhi zizitshele: “ooh-ooh, ooh-ooh.” Ngima eduze futhi ngilungele ukubamba lapho ingane iwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isizathu esenza ngilithande kangaka leli bhizinisi yingoba liyingozi. Senza izinto, futhi lezo zinto ziyingozi. Zidinga indlela yabantu abadala. Umdlandla wodwa ngeke uxazulule izinkinga zakho!
Ukucabanga konjiniyela abadala
UMichael: Isibonelo ngezingane sihle. Uma ngingunjiniyela ojwayelekile, ngiyajabula ukuba yingane. Kodwa udlulela kanjani ekucabangeni okwengeziwe kwabantu abadala?
U-Tim: Omunye wemibono osebenza kahle ngokulinganayo nomuntu oqalayo noma osunguliwe umqondo womongo. Esikwenzayo, esizokuzuza. Yini ebaluleke ngempela kule phrojekthi? Akukhathalekile ukuthi ungubani kule phrojekthi, noma ngabe ungumfundi ofundayo noma umakhi omkhulu wezakhiwo, wonke umuntu udinga umongo. Kudingeka senze wonke umuntu acabange ngezinga elikhulu kunezingcezu zakhe zomsebenzi. “Ngenza ucezu lwami, futhi inqobo nje uma ucezu lwami lusebenza, ngiyajabula.” Cha futhi cha futhi. Kuhlale kufanelekile (ngaphandle kokudelela!) ukukhumbuza abantu ngomongo abasebenza kuwo. Esizama ukukuzuza sonke ngokubambisana. Imibono yokuthi ungaba ingane inqobo nje uma konke kusahamba kahle ngocezu lwakho lwephrojekthi - sicela, ungakwenzi lokho. Uma sifika entanjeni sizowuwela ndawonye kuphela. Awuwedwa, sisonke. Uma bonke abantu abakulo msebenzi, abadala nabancane, beqala ukukhuluma ngokuthi yini ngempela ebalulekile kulo msebenzi, kungani inkampani ifaka imali kulokho sonke esizama ukukufeza... iningi labo lizozizwa lingcono kakhulu ngoba uzobona ukuthi umsebenzi wabo uhlobana kanjani nomsebenzi wawo wonke umuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiyaluqonda ucezu engibhekene nalo mathupha. Kodwa ukuqeda umsebenzi sidinga bonke abanye abantu futhi. Futhi uma ucabanga ngempela ukuthi usuqedile, sihlala sinomsebenzi okufanele siwenze kuphrojekthi!
U-Oleg: Uma kuqhathaniswa, uma usebenza ngokuvumelana ne-Kanban, lapho ufika emvinini yokuhlola okuthile, ungayeka obukwenza lapho (isibonelo, ukuhlela) futhi uyosiza abahloli.
U-Tim: Impela. Ngicabanga ukuthi ama-techies angcono kakhulu, uma uwabhekisisa, angabaphathi bawo. Ngingakwenza kanjani lokhu...
U-Oleg: Impilo yakho iphrojekthi yakho, oyiphethe.
U-Tim: Impela! Ngiqonde ukuthi, uthatha isibopho, uyaluqonda udaba, futhi uhlangana nabantu lapho ubona ukuthi izinqumo zakho zingathinta umsebenzi wabo, izinto ezinjalo. Akukhona nje ngokuhlala edeskini lakho, wenze umsebenzi wakho, futhi ungazi nokuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakho. Cha cha cha. Ngendlela, enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu nge-Agile ukuthi bahlongoza ama-sprints amafushane, ngoba ngale ndlela isimo sezindaba zabo bonke abahlanganyeli sibonakala ngokucacile, bangakubona konke ndawonye. Sixoxa ngomunye nsuku zonke.
Ungangena kanjani ekulawuleni ubungozi
U-Oleg: Ingabe lukhona uhlaka lolwazi olusemthethweni kule ndawo? Isibonelo, ngingunjiniyela we-Java futhi ngifuna ukuqonda ukuphathwa kwengozi ngaphandle kokuba umphathi wangempela wephrojekthi ngemfundo. Cishe ngizofunda incwadi kaMcConnell ethi "Ibiza Malini Iphrojekthi Yesoftware" kuqala, bese kuthiwani? Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqala?
U-Tim: Okokuqala ukuqala ukuxhumana nabantu abakuphrojekthi. Lokhu kunikeza intuthuko esheshayo esikweni lokuxhumana nozakwethu. Kudingeka siqale ngokuvula yonke into ngokuzenzakalelayo, esikhundleni sokuyifihla. Athi: yizinto ezingihluphayo lezi, yizinto ezingigcina ngilele ebusuku, ngivuke ebusuku namuhla ngathi: Nkulunkulu wami, ngidinga ukucabanga ngalokhu! Ingabe abanye babona into efanayo? Njengeqembu, ingabe kufanele sisabele kulezi zinkinga ezingase zibe khona? Udinga ukwazi ukusekela ingxoxo ngalezi zihloko. Ayikho ifomula elungiselelwe kusengaphambili esisebenza ngayo. Akukhona ukwenza ama-hamburgers, kodwa ngabantu. "Yenza i-cheeseburger, thengisa i-cheeseburger" akuyona into yethu nhlobo, yingakho ngiwuthanda kakhulu lo msebenzi. Ngiyathanda uma konke obekwenziwa abaphathi sekuphenduke okweqembu.
U-Oleg: Ukhulume ezincwadini nasezingxoxweni mayelana nendlela abantu abakhathalela ngayo injabulo kunezinombolo ezisegrafu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma utshela iqembu: sithuthela kuma-devops, futhi manje umhleli kufanele axhumane njalo, lokhu kungase kube ngaphandle kwendawo yakhe yokunethezeka. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi angase, ake sithi, angajabuli ngokujulile. Yini okufanele uyenze kulesi simo?
U-Tim: Angazi kahle ukuthi ngenzeni. Uma umthuthukisi ehlukanisiwe kakhulu, akaboni ukuthi kungani umsebenzi wenziwa kwasekuqaleni, bavele babheke ingxenye yabo yomsebenzi, futhi badinga ukungena kulokho engikubiza ngokuthi "umongo." Udinga ukuthola ukuthi yonke into ixhumene kanjani. Futhi-ke, angiqondile izethulo ezisemthethweni noma into enjalo. Ngikhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi udinga ukuxhumana nozakwenu ngomsebenzi uwonke, hhayi nje ngengxenye yawo obhekene nayo. Yilapho ungaqala khona ukuxoxa ngemibono, izivumelwano ezivamile zokwenza umsebenzi wakho uhlangane kahle, kanye nendlela yokubhekana nenkinga efanayo ndawonye.
Ukuze babasize bazivumelanise nezimo, ngokuvamile bafuna ukuthumela ama-techies ekuqeqesheni, futhi baxoxe ngokuqeqeshwa. Umngane wami uthanda ukusho ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okwezinja. Kukhona ukuqeqeshwa kwabantu. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngokufunda njengonjiniyela ukusebenzelana nontanga yakho. Uma othile enekhono ngempela kokuthile, kufanele umbuke esebenza noma ukhulume naye ngomsebenzi wakhe noma ngokuthile. Omunye u-Kent Beck ojwayelekile wayehlale ekhuluma ngohlelo oludlulele. Kuyahlekisa ngoba i-XP iwumbono olula, kodwa idala izinkinga eziningi. Kwabanye, ukwenza i-XP kufana nokuphoqwa ukuthi ukhumule ube nqunu phambi kwabangane. Bazobona engikwenzayo! Bangozakwethu, ngeke bagcine ngokubona, kodwa futhi baqonde! Kubi! Abanye abantu sebeqala ukwethuka kakhulu. Kodwa uma uqaphela ukuthi lena yindlela yokugcina yokufunda, yonke into iyashintsha. Usebenza eduze nabantu, futhi abanye abantu basiqonda kangcono isihloko kunawe.
UMichael: Kodwa konke lokhu kuyakuphoqa ukuthi uphume endaweni yakho yokunethezeka. Njengonjiniyela, kufanele uphume endaweni yakho yokunethezeka futhi uxhumane. Njengomxazululi wezinkinga, kufanele uhlale uzibeka esimweni esibuthakathaka futhi ucabange ukuthi yini engase ingahambi kahle. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenzelwe ukuthi lube inkathazo. Uyaqaphela uzifaka ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Ngokuvamile abantu bayababalekela, abantu bathanda ukuba izingane ezijabule.
U-Tim: Yini engenziwa, ungaphumela obala uthi: “Konke kulungile, ngiyakwazi ukukumela! Akumina ngedwa engizizwa ngingakhululekile. Ake sixoxe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezingakhululekile, sonke njengeqembu!” Lezi yizinkinga zethu ezivamile, kufanele sibhekane nazo, niyazi? Ngicabanga ukuthi abathuthukisi be-idiosyncratic genius bafana ne-mammoths, banyamalala. Futhi ukubaluleka kwabo kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Uma ungakwazi ukuxhumana, awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kahle. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nje. Thembeka futhi uvuleke. Ngiyaxolisa kakhulu ukuthi lokhu akujabulisi kumuntu. Ungacabanga, eminyakeni eminingi edlule kwakukhona ucwaningo ngokusho ukuthi ukwesaba okuyinhloko e-United States akukhona ukufa, kodwa qagela ukuthi yini? Ukwesaba ukukhuluma obala! Lokhu kusho ukuthi ndawana thize kunabantu abancamela ukufa kunokuthi bancome ngokuzwakalayo. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kwanele ukuthi ube namakhono ayisisekelo, kuye ngokuthi wenzani. Amakhono okukhuluma, amakhono okubhala - kodwa kuphela njengoba kudingeka ngempela emsebenzini wakho. Uma usebenza njengomhlaziyi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokukhuluma, khona-ke, ngeshwa, ngeke ukwenze lutho kumaphrojekthi ami!
Intengo yokuxhumana
U-Oleg: Ingabe ukuqasha izisebenzi ezinjalo eziphumayo akubizi kakhulu ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene? Phela bahlezi bexoxa kunokuthi basebenze!
U-Tim: Bengiqonde umongo weqembu, hhayi wonke umuntu. Uma unomuntu opholile ngempela ekushumeni izingosi zolwazi, othanda ukushuna imininingwane yolwazi, futhi uzoqhubeka nokulungisa imininingwane yakho yolwazi impilo yakhe yonke futhi yilokho, kuhle, qhubeka kanjalo. Kodwa ngikhuluma ngabantu abafuna ukuhlala kulo msebenzi ngokwawo. Umnyombo weqembu, okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi. Laba bantu badinga ngempela ukuxhumana njalo. Futhi ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi, lapho uxoxa ngezingozi, izindlela zokufinyelela imigomo yomhlaba nokunye okunjalo.
UMichael: Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethekile, amakhono, noma izindlela zokusebenza. Nonke ninentshisekelo empumelelweni yephrojekthi.
U-Tim: Yebo, unomuzwa wokuthi ugxile ngokwanele kuphrojekthi, ukuthi umsebenzi wakho uwukusiza iphrojekthi ifezeke. Noma ngabe ungumhleli, umhlaziyi, umklami wesixhumi esibonakalayo, noma ubani. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi ngiza emsebenzini njalo ekuseni futhi yilokhu esikwenzayo. Sinesibopho sabo bonke laba bantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banamakhono angakanani. Leli yiqembu labantu abanezingxoxo zabantu abadala.
U-Oleg: Eqinisweni, ngikhuluma ngabasebenzi abakhulumayo, ngazama ukulingisa ukuphikisa kwabantu, ikakhulukazi abaphathi, abacelwa ukuthi bashintshele kuma-devops, kulo mbono omusha womhlaba. Futhi wena, njengabaxhumanisi, kufanele ukuqaphele lokhu kuphikisa kangcono kakhulu kunami, njengonjiniyela! Yabelana ngalokho okubakhathaza kakhulu abaphathi?
U-Tim: Abaphathi? Hm. Ngokuvamile, abaphathi bangaphansi kwengcindezi yezinkinga, babhekene nesidingo sokukhulula okuthile ngokushesha futhi benze ukulethwa, nokunye okunjalo. Babuka indlela esixoxa ngayo njalo futhi siphikisana ngokuthile, futhi bakubona kanje: izingxoxo, izingxoxo, izingxoxo... Yiziphi ezinye izingxoxo? Buyela emsebenzini! Ngoba ukukhuluma akuzwakali kuwumsebenzi kubo. Awubhali ikhodi, ungayihloli isofthiwe, ubonakala ungenzi lutho - kungani ungakuthumeli ukuthi wenze okuthile? Phela, ukulethwa sekuvele kuyinyanga!
UMichael: Hamba ubhale ikhodi!
U-Tim: Kimina kubonakala sengathi abakhathazekile ngomsebenzi, kodwa ngokungabonakali kwenqubekela phambili. Ukuze benze kubonakale sengathi sisondela empumelelweni, badinga ukusibona sicindezela izinkinobho kukhibhodi. Usuku lonke kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa. Lena inkinga yokuqala.
U-Oleg: Misha, ucabanga ngokuthile.
UMichael: Uxolo, ngilahlekile emcabangweni futhi ngabamba i-flashback. Konke lokhu kungikhumbuze irali ethokozisayo eyenzeke izolo... Bekunemibuthano eminingi kakhulu izolo... Futhi konke kuzwakala kujwayelekile kakhulu!
Impilo ngaphandle kwamaholo
U-Tim: Ngendlela, akudingekile neze ukuhlela "imibuthano" yokuxhumana. Ngisho, izingxoxo eziwusizo kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela zenzeka lapho bekhuluma nje. Ungena ekuseni nenkomishi yekhofi, futhi kukhona abantu abahlanu abahlangene futhi baxoxa ngokufutheka okuthile kobuchwepheshe. Kimina, uma ngingumphathi wale phrojekthi, kungcono ukuthi ngivele ngimoyizele futhi ngiye ndawana thize ngebhizinisi lami, bavumele baxoxe ngalo. Sebevele bahileleke ngangokunokwenzeka. Lolu uphawu oluhle.
U-Oleg: Ngendlela, encwadini yakho unenqwaba yamanothi mayelana nokuhle nokubi. Ingabe usebenzisa enye yazo? Uma sikhuluma nje, manje usunenkampani, futhi eyakhiwe ngendlela engajwayelekile...
U-Tim: I-Unorthodox, kodwa le divayisi isifanela kahle. Kade sazana. Siyethembana, sathembana kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthi sibe abalingani. Futhi ngokwesibonelo, asinawo nhlobo amaholo. Sisebenza nje, futhi isibonelo, uma ngithole imali kumakhasimende ami, yonke imali yayiya kimi. Ngemva kwalokho, sikhokha izimali zobulungu enhlanganweni, futhi lokhu kwanele ukusekela inkampani ngokwayo. Futhi, sonke sisebenza ngokukhethekile ezintweni ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngisebenza nabagcini bamabhuku ezimali, ngigcwalisa amafomu entela, ngenzela inkampani zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokuphatha, futhi akekho ongikhokhelayo. UJames noTom basebenza kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi akekho obakhokhelayo. Uma nje ukhokha imali oyikhokhayo, akekho ozocabanga ukukutshela okufanele ukwenze. Ngokwesibonelo, uTom manje usebenza ngaphansi kakhulu kunakuqala. Manje unezinye izinto azithandayo; Kodwa inqobo nje uma ekhokha izikweletu zakhe, akekho ozofika kuye athi, “Heyi, Tom, hamba uye emsebenzini!” Kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nozakwenu uma ingekho imali phakathi kwenu. Futhi manje ubudlelwano bethu ngomunye wemibono eyisisekelo maqondana nezici ezahlukahlukene. Iyasebenza futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Iseluleko esihle kakhulu
UMichael: Ukubuyela "ezelulekweni ezihamba phambili," ingabe kukhona okutshela amaklayenti akho ngokuphindaphindiwe? Kunombono mayelana ne-80/20, futhi ezinye izeluleko cishe ziphindaphindwa kaningi.
U-Tim: Ngake ngacabanga ukuthi uma ubhala incwadi efana ne-Waltzing with Bears, izoshintsha inkambo yomlando futhi abantu bazoyeka, kodwa ... Hhayi-ke, bheka, izinkampani zivame ukwenza sengathi konke kuhamba kahle nabo. Uma nje kwenzeka into embi, kubathusa futhi kuyamangaza. “Bheka, siluhlolile uhlelo, futhi aluphumeleli noma yiziphi izivivinyo zesistimu, futhi lokhu kungezinye izinyanga ezintathu zomsebenzi ongahleliwe, kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ubani owayazi? Yini engase yonakale? Ngokujulile, uyakukholelwa lokhu?
Ngizama ukuchaza ukuthi akufanele uthukuthele kakhulu ngesimo samanje. Kudingeka sikhulume ngakho, siqonde ngempela ukuthi yini okungenzeka ukuthi konakele, nendlela yokuvimbela izinto ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke esikhathini esizayo. Uma kuvela inkinga sizoyilwa kanjani, sizoyiqukatha kanjani?
Kimina, konke lokhu kubukeka kusabisa. Abantu babhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezikhathazayo futhi baqhubeke benza sengathi uma nje bewela iminwe yabo futhi banethemba lokuhle, "okungcono kakhulu" kuzokwenzeka ngempela. Cha, akusebenzi kanjalo.
Prakthiza ukulawula ubungozi!
UMichael: Ngokubona kwakho, zingaki izinhlangano ezibandakanyeka ekulawuleni ubungozi?
U-Tim: Okungicasulayo ukuthi abantu bavele babhale phansi izingozi, babheke uhlu oluphumayo bese beya emsebenzini. Eqinisweni, ukuhlonza izingozi kubo kuwukulawula ubungozi. Kodwa kimi lokhu kuzwakala njengesizathu sokubuza: kulungile, kukhona uhlu, yini ngempela ozoyishintsha? Udinga ukushintsha ukulandelana kwakho okujwayelekile kwezenzo ngokucabangela lezi zingozi. Uma kukhona ingxenye enzima kakhulu yomsebenzi, udinga ukubhekana nayo, bese udlulela kokuthile okulula. Emijahweni yokuqala, qala ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu sekuvele kubukeka njengokulawula ubungozi. Kodwa ngokuvamile abantu abakwazi ukusho ukuthi yini abayishintshile ngemva kokuhlanganisa uhlu lwezingozi.
UMichael: Kodwa-ke, zingaki zalezi zinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni ubungozi, amaphesenti amahlanu?
U-Tim: Ngeshwa, ngiyakuzonda ukusho lokhu, kodwa lena ingxenye engasho lutho. Kodwa ngaphezu kwamahlanu, ngoba kukhona amaphrojekthi amakhulu ngempela, futhi awakwazi ukuba khona uma engenzi okungenani okuthile. Ake ngithi nje ngizomangala kakhulu uma okungenani 25%. Amaphrojekthi amancane ngokuvamile aphendula imibuzo enjalo ngale ndlela: uma inkinga isithinta, sizoyixazulula. Bese bezifaka enkingeni ngempumelelo futhi bazibandakanye ekulawuleni izinkinga nasekulawuleni izinkinga. Uma uzama ukuxazulula inkinga futhi inkinga ingaxazululeki, wamukelekile ekulawuleni izinkinga.
Yebo, ngivame ukuzwa, “sizoxazulula izinkinga njengoba ziphakama.” Sizokwenza njalo? Ingabe sizonquma ngempela?
U-Oleg: Ungakwenza ngokungazi futhi umane ubhale okuguquguqukayo okubalulekile kushatha yephrojekthi, futhi uma okuguquguqukayo kwephuka, vele uqale kabusha iphrojekthi. It kuvela piembucky kakhulu.
UMichael: Yebo, kwenzeka kimi ukuthi lapho izingozi zibangelwa, iphrojekthi ivele ichazwe kabusha. Kuhle, ibhingo, inkinga ixazululiwe, ungabe usazikhathaza!
U-Tim: Masicindezele inkinobho yokusetha kabusha! Cha, akusebenzi kanjalo.
Inothi elingukhiye ku-Devoops 2019
UMichael: Sifika embuzweni wokugcina wale ngxoxo. Uza kuma-DevoOops alandelayo nenothi eliyinhloko, ungakwazi yini ukususa ikhethini lemfihlo kulokho ozokusho?
U-Tim: Njengamanje, abayisithupha babo babhala incwadi mayelana nesiko lomsebenzi, imithetho engashiwongo yezinhlangano. Isiko linqunywa izimiso ezibalulekile zenhlangano. Ngokuvamile abantu abakuqapheli lokhu, kodwa njengoba sisebenze ngokubonisana iminyaka eminingi, sijwayele ukukuqaphela. Ufaka inkampani, futhi ngokoqobo phakathi nemizuzu embalwa uqala ukuzwa ukuthi kwenzekani. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ukunambitheka". Kwesinye isikhathi leli phunga lihle impela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi lihle, awu. Izinto zihluke kakhulu ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene.
UMichael: Nami ngisebenze ngokubonisana iminyaka futhi ngikuqonda kahle ukuthi ukhuluma ngani.
U-Tim: Eqinisweni, enye yezinto okufanele sikhulume ngayo enkulumweni eyinhloko ukuthi akuyona yonke into enqunywa yinkampani. Wena nethimba lakho, njengomphakathi, ninosiko lweqembu lenu. Lokhu kungaba yinkampani yonke, noma umnyango ohlukile, iqembu elihlukile. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi usho, nakhu esikukholelwayo, nakhu okubalulekile... Awukwazi ukushintsha isiko ngaphambi kokuthi kuqondwe amanani nezinkolelo ezilandela izenzo ezithile. Ukuziphatha kulula ukukubona, kodwa ukucinga izinkolelo kunzima. I-DevOps iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi izinto ziba nzima kangakanani. Ukusebenzelana kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, akusahlanzeki noma kucace nhlobo, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabange ngalokho okholelwa kukho nokuthi wonke umuntu oseduze kwakho athule ngani.
Uma ufuna ukuzuza imiphumela esheshayo, nasi isihloko esihle kuwe: uke wazibona izinkampani lapho kungekho muntu othi “angazi”? Kunezindawo lapho umhlukumeza okwangempela umuntu aze avume ukuthi kukhona akwaziyo. Wonke umuntu wazi konke, wonke umuntu uyi-erudite emangalisayo. Uya kunoma yimuphi umuntu, futhi kufanele aphendule umbuzo ngaso leso sikhathi. Esikhundleni sokuthi "angazi." Hooray, baqashe inqwaba yama-erudite! Futhi kwamanye amasiko ngokuvamile kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi “angazi” kungabhekwa njengophawu lobuthakathaka. Kukhona nezinhlangano lapho, ngokuphambene nalokho, wonke umuntu angathi "angazi." Lapho kusemthethweni ngokuphelele, futhi uma othile eqala ukulahla udoti ekuphenduleni umbuzo, kuyinto evamile ukuphendula: "Awazi ukuthi ukhuluma ngani, akunjalo?" futhi konke kube ihlaya.
Ngokufanelekile, ungathanda ukuba nomsebenzi lapho ungahlala ujabule khona. Ngeke kube lula, hhayi zonke izinsuku libalele futhi zimnandi, ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukusebenza kanzima, kodwa uma uqala ukuthatha isitoko, kuzovela: wow, lena yindawo enhle ngempela, ngizizwa ngisebenza kahle lapha, kokubili ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo. Futhi kunezinkampani lapho uya khona njengomxhumanisi futhi ngokushesha uyabona ukuthi awukwazanga ukubekezelela izinyanga ezintathu futhi uzobaleka ngenxa yokwesaba. Yilokhu engifuna ukukhuluma ngakho embikweni.
U-Tim Lister uzofika nenkulumo eyisihluthulelo engqungqutheleni ye-Devoops 2019, ezoba ngo-Okthoba 29-30, 2019 e-St. Ungawathenga amathikithi . Sikulindile kwa-DevoOops!
Source: www.habr.com