Ngemva kokukhuluma ezihlokweni ezedlule mayelana , и , sizoqhubeka nokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo ezidingekayo namasevisi angafakwa kulawa ma-OS.
Eqinisweni, lesi sihloko siphenduke saba yithiyori. Inkinga ukuthi akukho okusha noma okwangempela ezinhlelweni "zasekhaya". Kodwa angiboni iphuzu ekubhaleni kabusha into efanayo okwekhulu ngaphandle kokwengeza noma yini entsha. Ngakho-ke kuzoba nokuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ephathelene nezinhlelo zokufaka esikhundleni sokungenisa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela Viola, Astra и Rosa. At I-OS ebomvu kuyinto (ithobekile kakhulu ngokuthanda kwami). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihloko ze-Rosa kule Wiki zivame ukuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi azibalulekile, zihlehliselwe ku-2013-2014 futhi zihlobene nokusabalalisa okudala ... Kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo ze-Wiki, cabanga ukuthi azikho nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngokusabalalisa okungenaso isisekelo solwazi noma i-Wiki, sizothatha ngokuthi udinga ukubheka i-Wiki noma isisekelo solwazi sokusatshalaliswa komzali. Ngoba I-ROSA - I-CentOS (Isigqoko Esibomvu) I-Astra - I-Debian Bala - Gentoo I-OS ebomvu -Isigqoko Esibomvu I-AlterOS - vulaSUSE I-eksisi - I-CentOS (Isigqoko Esibomvu) Ulyanovsk.BSD - I-FreeBSD QP OC - intuthuko yasekhaya ngokuphelele (ngokusho kwabadali bayo, akuyona i-Linux).
Ngizophinde ngeqe okwamanje iphuzu lokuthi ngishiya yonke ingqalasizinda esekelwe ku-Microsoft, futhi ngizoqala ngezisekelo - I-DNS, Isevisi Yemibhalo, Iseva yommeleli. Hhayi-ke, kuzoba nezinhlelo nezinsizakalo eziqondiswe kubasebenzisi, njengeseva yeposi, ihhovisi, ingxoxo, njll.
1. Ingqalasizinda
1.1. I-DNS
DNS-iseva yethulwa kuyo yonke i-OS “yasekhaya” ngendlela BIND9. Akukho okusha. Futhi akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekuyimiseni. Ukubala kuphela okungenayo i-BIND endaweni yayo yokugcina.
I-DDNS - kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa akukho okungavamile lapha noma.
I-ROSA inokulandelayo ku-Wiki yayo , okungahlangene nhlobo nesimo sangempela sezindaba. Ngakho-ke sizocabanga ukuthi imiyalo yokusetha i-DDNS ye-ROSA kufanele ibhekwe njengokuhlobene ne-CentOS.
1.2. I-DHCP
Futhi, akukho okusha, akukho okuyinkimbinkimbi.
1.3. Isevisi Yemibhalo
1.3.1. I-Astra Linux Directory (ALD)
Akunakwenzeka ukufaka umshini we-Microsft Windows OS esizindeni se-ALD usebenzisa amathuluzi ajwayelekile we-Microsft Windows OS.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengeklayenti le-AD, i-Astra yethulwa ngokoqobo esizindeni .
Ingase futhi isebenze njengesilawuli sesizinda ku-Astra Linux SAMBA 4. Lokhu akukona ukuguqulwa kwe-Astra, lena i-SAMDA ngesimo sayo sokuqala. .
1.3.2.ED OS IPA inhlangano yesizinda, lapho yonke into ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe.
1.3.3. Uhlu lwemibhalo lwe-ROSAKunezinkomba ku-inthanethi zokuthi i-ROSA inokuthuthukiswa kwayo, i-ROSA Directory Server. I-Wiki yabo inakho kulesi sikolo. Yakhiwe ngomhla ka-Febhruwari 28, 2013. Kuphinde kukhulunywe ngethuluzi elithakazelisayo elibizwa nge-Rosa Server Setup. Futhi ngaqala ukumba, kuyathakazelisa ukuthinta.
Sekukonke, ekukhishweni kuka-R7 konke lokhu kunqanyuliwe. Njengoba ngikuqonda, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi i-Rosa yakhiwa kabusha ku-CentOS esikhundleni se-Mandriva, futhi Uhlu lwabo lwalusekelwe Iseva ye-Mandriva Directory, futhi ayizange ingene ku-CentOS.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, I-ROSA ingafakwa SAMBA, futhi uyisebenzise njengesilawuli sesizinda.
1.3.4. I-Viola FreeIPA
Cishe zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza "zasekhaya" emakethe zinamandla okusebenza njengesilawuli sesizinda ngokusekelwe SAMBA. Kepha i-SAMBA inomkhawulo ongathi sína lapho isebenza namakhasimende asekelwe ku-Windows:
I-Samba AD DC isebenza ezingeni lesilawuli sesizinda se-Windows 2008 R2. Ungayifaka esizindeni se-Windows 2012 njengeklayenti, kodwa hhayi njengesilawuli sesizinda.
Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwamaseva eWindows nezindawo zokusebenza, uma sizidinga, futhi ziyadingeka, njengoba kunesoftware engakwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kweLinux (amaphakheji afanayo e-CAD noma amaphakheji esoftware aphelelwe yisikhathi kumadivayisi angenzi lutho, ngaphandle kokuthi Win XP akunakwenzeka ukuyifaka), sidinga ukuphakela isizinda esisekelwe kuso Windows noma MahhalaIPA. Ukukhipha i-FreeIPA kuyinqubo edinga abasebenzi abaningi, kuyilapho isizinda esisebenzisa iWindows singasatshalaliswa emahoreni ambalwa. Endabeni yami, izindleko zesikhathi zero, ngoba sengivele nginesizinda esisebenzisa iWindows. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Linux ingagunyaza isebenzisa i-AD. Ukwenza kahle, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi iWindows ingangena ngeFreeIPA.
Lokhu kungilethela isizathu sokuthi kungani ngingafuni ukuyeka abalawuli besizinda ngokusekelwe ku-Microsoft Windows. Senginayo. Angiboni iphuzu ekusebenziseni umzamo omkhulu kanye nesikhathi sokuqeqesha kabusha abalawuli abajwayele ukutholakala kalula kwe-Windows graphical interface ukuze basebenze ngamafayela ombhalo wezinhlelo ze-Linux. Yebo, i-IPA ine-interface yewebhu, kodwa lokhu akuzishintshi izinto ngempela. (Abantu be-Linux cishe bazongihlukanisa nalawa magama, kodwa mina, njengomphathi we-Windows owake wasebenza ne-Linux, nginombono walokhu engikhuluma ngakho. Angiqondi ukuthi ubani angakuthanda kanjani ukumba abahleli bombhalo, ukufunda izinkulungwane zemigqa yekhodi , besaba ukuthayipha lapho benza izinguquko. Nakuba isixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe ngokwaso sizokubonisa yonke into, ngokushesha, chaza, vele ucindezele inkinobho bese ufaka imingcele edingekayo. Yilokho kuphela. Ngikhulumile. Shoot! )
Uma kwenzeka nje, mayelana nokukhipha iseva ye-IPA. Mhlawumbe kuzoba usizo kumuntu.
1.4. Iseva elibamba
Squid ingatholakala kumakhosombe cishe wawo wonke ama-OS "asekhaya". Angazi muntu, kodwa sekunesikhathi eside ngenza i-squid. Ngiyathanda.
I-ROSA ayizange ibe nesihloko esifanayo ku-Wiki. Kodwa kunezincwadi eziningi zokusetha i-squiid ku-inthanethi. Futhi ukusetha kuzohluka kuphela kumyalo wokufaka womphathi wephakheji futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, endaweni yamafayela wokumisa.
1.5. Ukuqapha
Zabbix isezinqolobaneni I-Astra, i-ROSA, i-Viola, i-Red OS. Ngeke kube nezinkinga ngalokhu, uzodinga kuphela ukuthumela yonke imininingwane edingekayo kusuka kuseva yomkhiqizo bese uyingenisa kuseva entsha. Yebo, sizolahlekelwa umlando, kodwa lokhu akubalulekile ezimweni eziningi. Ezimeni lapho lokhu kubalulekile, ungashiya womabili amaseva esebenza kuze kube yilapho ulwazi olukuseva endala luphelelwa isikhathi futhi lungasadingeki. Futhi umzuzwana owodwa. , uma sibheka, singaphetha ngokuthi u-Maria DB uzovinjwa futhi akhishwe kumakhosombe awo wonke ama-OS "asekhaya".
2. Amasistimu aqondiswe kumsebenzisi
2.1. Njengoba kushiwo ku , siyaqhubeka I-Firebird 1.5 Kukhona uhlelo olubizwa nge-TECTON. Ngokunjalo, ngesikhathi sokushintshaniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, lolu daba ludinga ukudluliswa kwingqalasizinda entsha. I-Firebird inezinguqulo ze-Linux, kodwa ayikho inguqulo 1.5 kumakhosombe wezinhlelo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Kodwa akwenzeki ukushintshela enguqulweni yakamuva, njengoba ekuhlanganeni kwezinguqulo 1 no-2 ze-Firebird, isimiso sokusebenza sezinqubo ezigciniwe sishintshile, futhi akekho oyozibhala kabusha... futhi ngeke akwazi. .. futhi akukho phuzu, njengoba lesi simiso kufanele sishintshwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze 1s. Ngakho-ke "okokuqala" ungalanda iphakheji futhi ulifake hhayi endaweni yokugcina.
2.2. Isistimu yokubika nge-elekthronikhi I-OASIS Ayisebenzi ngaphansi kwe-Linux. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OASIS ayisebenzi kunoma yini enye ngaphandle kwe-MSSQL Server. Ngakho-ke, sizodinga umshini obonakalayo oneWindows ne-MSSQL Server. Inguqulo ye-Express izokwanela, njengoba i-database incane. Kodwa awukwazi ukubalekela lokhu, njengoba ukubika kwiSikhwama Sempesheni kanye neziphathimandla zentela kusekelwe kulokhu.
2.3. Ngekhwalithi iseva yewebhu I-MS IIS, vele, ngeke isebenze; kuzodingeka usebenzise lezo ezifakwe kumakhosombe Apache noma Nginx (eyakamuva iku-ROSA, Alt, Bala amakhosombe).
Iyiphi engcono? Ungakwazi ukuzijwayeza umngane
Isixhumanisi se-Wiki:
Kunemiyalo yokufaka kuphela, kuzodingeka ulungiselele ngokuvumelana nezinye izincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, . Noma ungakwazi .
2.4. Ingxoxo yebhizinisi ngokugunyazwa nge-AD. I-OpenFire noma i-ejabberd. Elula futhi mahhala.
Ungasebenzisa noma yini njengeklayenti lengxoxo, kusukela I-Pidgin и Miranda, ezisemihlanganweni ye-OS, futhi egcina ngokuthile ozibhalele wena.
2.5. Iseva yemeyili. Njengoba ngike ngasho kaningi, ngiyayithanda iZimbra. Ingafakwa phezu kwe-RELS.
Kukhona futhi amaphakheji kumakhosombe we-OS I-Postfix/exim/Dovecot.
Mayelana nokusetha kwe-Rosa. I-Wiki yabo inakho , yangomhla ka-February 28, 2013. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi ichaza indlela esebenzisa i-RSS (I-ROSA Server Setup), leyo, njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, ithathwe enguqulweni yamanje yokusabalalisa. Ngakho manje ungasebenzisa imiyalelo yokusetha iseva yemeyili ngaphandle kokuboshelwa ku-OS. Ngokwesibonelo, .
Ungaphinda ucabangele inketho yesoftware yokuphathelene ngokubuka "Iseva ye-MyOffice"Noma"I-CommuniGate Pro". Kodwa angiyithandi le nketho. Okungenani ngoba ikhokhelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusekelwa kuhle, kuyisiqinisekiso. Kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi cishe bonke abalawuli bangaqinisekisa ukusebenza kweseva yemeyili, isidingo sokusekelwa siyangabazeka. Futhi uma i-CommuniGate iyisofthiwe efakazelwe, kusho ukuthi i-MyOffice yadalwa ngo-2014, futhi mina ngokwami ngikhathazekile ngenani lezimbungulu ezingase zibanjwe kulolu hlelo. Ngakho konke lokhu, intengo yayo yomibili imikhiqizo, ngombono wami, iphezulu ngokungenangqondo.
2.6. Isipele yethulwe ngamakhithi okusabalalisa I-Bacula. Ukusetha lesi silo kuyingqophamlando yangempela. Ziningi izinto eziphathelene nalolu daba, kodwa kusewumsebenzi wonke. Kodwa i-Bacula iyithuluzi elinamandla futhi eliwusizo kakhulu lezingxenyekazi eziningi.
Ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi u-Alt unguzakwethu osemthethweni we-Bacula e-Russia, singathemba ukuthi izinguqulo ezintsha uma kuqhathaniswa zalokhu kusatshalaliswa zizovela endaweni yazo yokugcina.
2.7. Mayelana iklayenti lemeyili Thunderbird, okwethulwe kuzo zonke i-OS "yasekhaya", ngeke ngisho lutho.
2.8. Mayelana neziphequluli zewebhu I-Mozilla Firefox, okwethulwa kuyo yonke i-OS "yasekhaya" ne-Yandex.Browser, engafakwa kuyo yonke i-OS "yasekhaya", nami ngizothula.
2.9. Ihhovisi suite. kufakwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Inezinye izindlela ezi-2 ezikhokhelwayo - lezi ""Futhi"". I-R-7 inenguqulo yokuhlola yekhithi yokusabalalisa "ukuze uzame". Angakwazi . Mayelana ne-“MyOffice”, ngizovele ngiyishiye lapha и (Ngikweluleka ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile imibono).
2.10. 1C: INKAMPANI... Ngokwesibonelo,
Wiki Astra has mayelana nokufaka i-1C kokubili izingxenye zeklayenti nezeseva.
I-ROSA Wiki ine . Kuyamangaza ukuthi akukho sihloko ekusetheni iseva, ngoba isebenza ku-CentOS. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha .
I-Alt Wiki ine ukufakwa nezilungiselelo, eziqukethe izixhumanisi eziwusizo.
3. Isiphetho
Hhayi-ke, ngingathini ngemva kokutadisha ulwazi oluhlobene nokufaka esikhundleni? Konke lokhu kuyinhlamba. Lokhu akukuqedi nakancane ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe; akukuqedi nakancane ukuncika konjiniyela bakwamanye amazwe. Imane ithathe indawo yomunye, ikuvumele ukuthi ungondle omalume bangaphandle, kodwa abasekhaya. Izintela zokuthengisa zizoya kumgcinimafa kahulumeni, okuyi-plus. Kodwa imali eningi izophelela ezandleni "zomalume no-anti" abacebile kakade, futhi ngeke bafinyelele izimali ezihlosiwe, lokhu kuyi-minus. Noma yimaphi amabhizinisi afana ne-“New Cloud Technologies” amemezela ukuthi “umgomo wawo awukona ukuceba ngohlelo lokungenisa endaweni...”, empeleni, aphishekela ngqo lo mgomo, ngaphandle kwalokho bekungeke kube khona izitatimende ezinjalo, bekungeke kube khona amacala ezinkantolo kanye nezicelo ku-FAS. Bebengeke bathathe ucezu lwe-LibreOffice baphinde balipende ngokuthi “OwnOffice”.
Ukuthatha umkhiqizo wamahhala umuntu osewenzile kakade, ukuwulungisa kancane futhi uwuthengise ngaphansi kwesithunzi sakho, ngokubona kwami, okungenani kuwumkhonyovu omncane. Cha, bona, yiqiniso, badala izinhlelo zokuphepha, ukubethela, yonke into, baletha yonke into ngaphansi kwesitifiketi se-FSTEC ... Kodwa lezi akuzona imikhiqizo eyenziwe yibona. Ngaphandle kwe-QP OS, i-Cryptosoft izenzele yonke into ngokwayo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, bazoba nezinkinga ngokuhambisana, ukuntuleka kwesoftware ye-OS yabo, izimbungulu ezingabonwa, njll. njalo njalo. Kodwa benza. U-Alt wakwenza ngisho nangaphambi kwe-hype ngokufaka esikhundleni sokungenisa, nabo babebahle, abazange bakwenzele inzuzo yesikhashana, bakwenza ngonembeza, ngoba benza imali ngento engeyona umfudlana oyinhloko.
Akuyona ize ukuthi ngibhale igama elithi “okwasekhaya” kumamaki okucaphuna, njengoba kunezinhlelo zasekhaya ezilodwa noma ezimbili eziningi kakhulu. Kunesistimu yokusebenza eyodwa kuphela. Hlobo luni “lokushintshwa kokungenisa” esikhuluma ngakho kuseyimpicabadala.
Cha, ngokuvamile, uma ufuna ngempela futhi uchithe umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi, ungaphakamisa ingqalasizinda kanye nezinsiza eziningi ku-Linux. Kodwa ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukuqeqesha kabusha noma ukuguqula abaphathi beWindows, futhi ubaphoqe ukuthi babheke amafayela wombhalo wezilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza. Kepha ama-90% alezi zinhlelo ngeke abe ezasekhaya, azokhululeka futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, apendwe kancane. Ngephephadonga elijabulisayo. Ngokuvamile, yonke le ngxabano ibukeka njengembudane ebizayo. Uma , pho sizothini ngathi?.. “Akhala amagundane azijova...”, ubhuti omkhulu aqhubeke agcwalise iphakethe. Izinhlamvu ezizwakalayo kulo lonke lolu hlelo zaphela esigabeni sombono, lapho kuthiwa imfihlo yayidinga ukudluliselwa ezinhlelweni zethu ezivikelekile ukuze “isitha singatholi lutho.” Futhi ekugcineni kuholele kulokho yonke imibono evamile ezweni lethu ephumela kukho. Hhayi-ke, ibhizinisi ezweni lethu lakhiwe ngale ndlela - inzuzo ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi.
4. Yini okufanele uyenze?
Khala uzijove... Kukhona umyalelo - kufanele ukwenze, kungenjalo uzojeziswa. Akwaziwa ukuthi bazojeziswa kanjani. Inkinga wukuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi izobhekwa kanjani imiphumela yohlelo lokushintshaniswa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganisa nabazobheka. Ayikho idatha mayelana nekhono lokusebenzisa isofthiwe evela kumakhosombe e-OS. Ngingayisebenzisa? Kwenqatshelwe? Wonke umuntu uyayisebenzisa - ngakho-ke kungenzeka? Kepha akukho kurejista yoMnyango Wezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana - lokho kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka? Azikho izimpendulo zale mibuzo. Kepha othile ubike usebenzisa i-LibreOffice efanayo, eyingxenye ye-OS. Kuyaqhuma. Kuthiwani ngoZabbix? Leyo efakwe endaweni yokugcina ingenzeka, kodwa uma ulanda inguqulo efanayo ezikhulwini, akunakwenzeka? njll. njalo njalo. Futhi iphi i-logic lapha?
Ekugcineni, okusele nje ukuletha ingxenye yesofthiwe esetshenziselwa izinkomba ezimisiwe, ukuchitha imali eningi ekuthengeni nasekusekelweni kwayo, nokuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze ngesofthiwe entsha kubo. Kunombono wokuthi "ubunzima bemithetho yaseRussia bunxeshezelwa uhlobo olungabopheli lokusetshenziswa kwayo," kodwa kuyindaba yokuthemba ukuthi ...
5.PS:
Ngesikhathi ngibhala lezi zihloko, kwadingeka ngihlunge ukwaziswa okuningi kangangokuthi ngiyamangala ukuthi ngangikugcine kanjani konke ekhanda lami. Futhi ngiyajabula ngokuthi uchungechunge lwezihloko selufike esiphethweni. Okusele kuyi-athikili emayelana ne-QP OC, engathembisa ukuyibhalela ummeleli wabo ukuze ngithole ithuba lokuthinta ukusatshalaliswa. Mhlawumbe kamuva kuzoba khona okunye mayelana nensimbi njengengxenye yokufakwa endaweni efanayo yokungenisa, kodwa okwamanje lokhu kuyimfoloko emanzini.
Ngethemba ukuthi ulwazi engiluqoqile futhi ngaluhlaziya luzosiza othile emsebenzini onzima wokushintshela kusofthiwe "yasekhaya". Ngiyabonga nonke futhi sibonane.
Source: www.habr.com