Kumlawuli wesistimu ye-novice: indlela yokudala ukuhleleka ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi

Ngingumqondisi wesistimu ye-FirstVDS, futhi lona umbhalo wesifundo sokuqala sesethulo sesifundo sami esifushane sokusiza ozakwethu abasaqalayo. Ochwepheshe abasanda kuqala ukuhlanganyela ekuphathweni kwesistimu babhekana nenani lezinkinga ezifanayo. Ukuze nginikeze izixazululo, ngaqala ukubhala lolu chungechunge lwezinkulumo. Ezinye izinto ezikuyo ziqondene ngqo nokusingatha ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngokuvamile, zingase zibe usizo, uma kungenjalo kuwo wonke umuntu, bese kuba eziningi. Ngakho-ke ngiguqule umbhalo wesifundo ukuze wabelane ngawo lapha.

Akunandaba ukuthi isikhundla sakho sibizwa ngani - okubalulekile ukuthi empeleni ubambe iqhaza ekuphatheni. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngalokho umlawuli wesistimu okufanele akwenze. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukubeka izinto ngononina, ukugcina ukuhleleka nokulungiselela ukwanda kwesikhathi esizayo ngokuhlelekile. Ngaphandle komlawuli wesistimu, iseva iba isiphithiphithi. Izingodo azibhaliwe, noma izinto ezingalungile zibhaliwe kuzo, izinsiza azisakazwa kahle, i-disk igcwele zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu futhi uhlelo luqala ukufa kancane kancane ngenxa yesiphithiphithi esingaka. Ngesizotha! Abaphathi besistimu kumuntu wakho baqala ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi baqede ukungcola!

Izinsika Zokuphatha Uhlelo

Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuxazulula izinkinga, kufanelekile ukujwayelana nezinsika ezine eziyinhloko zokuphatha:

1. Amadokhumenti
2. Ukwenza isifanekiso
3. Ukuthuthukisa
4. Okuzenzakalelayo

Lezi yizisekelo. Uma ungakhi ukugeleza komsebenzi wakho kulezi zimiso, ngeke kungasebenzi, kungakhiqizi futhi ngokuvamile akufani nokuphatha kwangempela. Ake sibheke ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

Imibhalo

Imibhalo akusho ukufunda imibhalo (yize ungeke ukwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwayo), kodwa futhi ukuyigcina.

Ungawagcina kanjani amadokhumenti:

• Ingabe uke wabhekana nenkinga entsha ongakaze uyibone ngaphambili? Bhala phansi izimpawu eziyinhloko, izindlela zokuxilongwa kanye nezimiso zokuqeda.
• Ingabe uqhamuke nesixazululo esisha, esihle senkinga evamile? Kubhale phansi ukuze kungadingeki ukuthi uphinde uyiqambe inyanga kusukela manje.
• Ingabe bakusiza ukuthi uthole umbuzo ongawuqondi? Bhala amaphuzu asemqoka nemiqondo, udwebe umdwebo wakho.

Umbono oyinhloko: akufanele uthembele ngokuphelele inkumbulo yakho lapho ufunda futhi usebenzisa izinto ezintsha.

Kukuwe ukuthi uzokwenza ngayiphi ifomethi: kungaba uhlelo olunamanothi, ibhulogi yomuntu siqu, ifayela lombhalo, incwajana ebonakalayo. Okubalulekile ukuthi amarekhodi akho ahlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Ungabi mude kakhulu. Qokomisa imiqondo esemqoka, izindlela namathuluzi. Uma ukuqonda inkinga kudinga ukugxumela kumakhenika wezinga eliphansi lokwabiwa kwememori ku-Linux, ungaphinde ubhale isiqephu sendatshana osifunde kuso - nikeza isixhumanisi kuso.
2. Okufakiwe kufanele kucace kuwe. Uma umugqa race cond.lockup ayikuvumeli ukuthi uqonde ngokushesha lokho okuchaze ngalo mugqa - chaza. Amadokhumenti amahle akuthathi isigamu sehora ukuqonda.
3. Ukusesha kuyisici esihle kakhulu. Uma ubhala okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, engeza amathegi; uma ebhukwini elibonakalayo, namathisela iposi elincane elinezincazelo. Lincane iphuzu emibhalweni uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ufuna impendulo kuyo njengoba ubuyochitha uxazulula umbuzo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Yile ndlela imibhalo engase ibukeke ngayo: kusukela kumanothi asendulo kuncwajana (isithombe ngenhla), kuya kusisekelo solwazi esigcwele sabasebenzisi abaningi esinamathegi, ukusesha nakho konke okungaba lula (ngezansi).

Ngeke nje kudingeke ukuthi ufune izimpendulo ezifanayo kabili, kodwa ukubhala phansi kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekufundeni izihloko ezintsha (amanothi!), kuzothuthukisa umuzwa wakho wesicabucabu (ikhono lokuhlonza inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ngokubuka okukodwa nje), futhi izongeza inhlangano ezenzweni zakho. Uma imibhalo itholakala kozakwenu, izobavumela ukuthi bathole ukuthi unqwabelene ngani futhi kanjani lapho ungekho.

Ukwenza isifanekiso

Ukwenza isifanekiso ukudalwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezifanekiso. Ukuze uxazulule izinkinga eziningi ezijwayelekile, kufanelekile ukudala isifanekiso sesenzo esithile. Kufanele kusetshenziswe ukulandelana okujwayelekile kwezinyathelo ukuhlonza izinkinga eziningi. Uma ulungise/ufake/ulungise okuthile, ukusebenza kwalokhu kufanele kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa izinhla zokuhlola ezijwayelekile.

Ukwenza isifanekiso kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlela ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuxazulula izinkinga ezivame kakhulu, uthola izinto eziningi ezinhle. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinhla zokuhlola kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile emsebenzini wakho futhi ulahle ukuhlonzwa kokusebenza okungabalulekile. Futhi izinqubo ezijwayelekile zizonciphisa ukujikijela okungadingekile futhi zinciphise amathuba ephutha.

Iphuzu lokuqala elibalulekile ukuthi izinqubo nezinhla zokuhlola nazo kudingeka zibhalwe phansi. Uma uthembele kwinkumbulo nje, ungaphuthelwa ukuhlola noma ukusebenza okubaluleke ngempela futhi uchithe yonke into. Iphuzu lesibili elibalulekile ukuthi zonke izinqubo zesifanekiso zingakwazi futhi kufanele zilungiswe uma isimo sikudinga. Awekho amathempulethi afanelekile futhi asebenza emhlabeni wonke. Uma kunenkinga, kodwa isheke lesifanekiso alizange likuveze, lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho inkinga. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhlola ezinye zezinkinga ezicatshangelwayo ezingalindelekile, kuhlale kufanelekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesifanekiso esisheshayo kuqala.

Ukuthuthukisa

Ukuthuthukisa uyazikhulumela. Inqubo yomsebenzi idinga ukwenziwa ngcono ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwezindleko zesikhathi nezabasebenzi. Kunezinketho eziningi: funda izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, izifinyezo, izinkulumo ezivamile, amathuluzi atholakalayo. Bheka ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo okwengeziwe kwalawa mathuluzi. Uma ushayela umyalo izikhathi eziyi-100 ngosuku, yinikeze isinqamuleli sekhibhodi. Uma udinga ukuxhuma njalo kumaseva afanayo, bhala isiteketiso egameni elilodwa elizokuxhuma lapho:

Zijwayeze ngezinketho ezahlukene ezitholakalayo zamathuluzi - mhlawumbe kukhona iklayenti letheminali elisebenziseka kalula, i-DE, umphathi webhodi lokunamathisela, isiphequluli, iklayenti le-imeyili, uhlelo lokusebenza. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi osebenza nabo nabangani bakho abawasebenzisayo - mhlawumbe bawakhetha ngesizathu. Uma usunamathuluzi, funda ukuthi asetshenziswa kanjani: funda okhiye, izifinyezo, amathiphu namasu.

Sebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuluzi ajwayelekile - ama-coreutils, i-vim, izinkulumo ezijwayelekile, i-bash. Kwabathathu bokugcina kunenqwaba yamabhukwana amahle kanye nemibhalo. Ngosizo lwabo, ungasuka ngokushesha esimweni sokuthi "Ngizizwa njengenkawu eqhekeza amantongomane ngekhompyutha ephathekayo" uye kokuthi "Ngiyinkawu esebenzisa ikhompuyutha ephathekayo ukuze ngizi-odele i-nut cracker."

Ukuzenzakalela

Ukuzenzakalela izodlulisela imisebenzi enzima ukusuka ezandleni zethu ezikhathele iye ezandleni ezingakhathali ze-automation. Uma inqubo ethile evamile yenziwa emiyalweni emihlanu yohlobo olufanayo, kungani-ke ungasongi yonke le miyalo ngefayela elilodwa bese ubiza umyalo owodwa olanda futhi usebenzise leli fayela?

I-Automation ngokwayo ingu-80% yokubhala nokwenza kahle amathuluzi akho (futhi omunye u-20% uzama ukuwenza asebenze ngendlela okufanele asebenze ngayo). Kungaba umugqa owodwa othuthukisiwe noma ithuluzi elikhulu elinamandla onke elinesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu kanye ne-API. Umbandela oyinhloko lapha ukuthi ukudala ithuluzi akufanele kuthathe isikhathi nomzamo owedlula inani lesikhathi nomzamo ithuluzi elizokusindisa. Uma uchitha amahora amahlanu ubhala iskripthi ongeke uphinde usidinge, ngomsebenzi obekuzokuthatha ihora noma amabili ukuwuxazulula ngaphandle kweskripthi, lokhu wukwenza kahle kakhulu ukuhamba komsebenzi. Ungachitha amahora amahlanu udala ithuluzi kuphela uma inombolo, uhlobo lwemisebenzi kanye nesikhathi kukuvumela, okungavamile ukwenzeka.

Ukuzenzakalela akusho ngempela ukubhala imibhalo egcwele. Isibonelo, ukuze udale inqwaba yezinto zohlobo olufanayo ohlwini, okudingayo nje umugqa owodwa ohlakaniphile ozokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lokho obuzokwenza ngesandla, ukushintsha phakathi kwamafasitela, ngezinqwaba zokukopisha-namathisela.

Empeleni, uma wakha inqubo yokuphatha kulezi zinsika ezine, ungakhuphula ngokushesha ukusebenza kahle kwakho, ukukhiqiza kanye neziqu. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlu ludinga ukwengezwa ngento eyodwa ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza ku-IT cishe akunakwenzeka - ukuzifundisa.

Ukuzifundisa komqondisi wesistimu

Ukuze ube nekhono elincane kule ndawo, udinga ukufunda njalo futhi ufunde izinto ezintsha. Uma ungenaso nencane isifiso sokubhekana nokungaziwa futhi ukuthole, uzobhajwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Zonke izinhlobo zezixazululo ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe nezindlela zihlala zivela ku-IT, futhi uma ungazifundisisi okungenani ngokukha phezulu, usendleleni eya ekuhlulekeni. Izindawo eziningi zobuchwepheshe bolwazi zimi phezu kwesisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi esiyindilinga. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Amanethiwekhi ne-inthanethi kukhona yonke indawo, uhlangabezana nakho nsuku zonke, kodwa uma usumba ubuchwepheshe obusemva kwakho, uzothola isiyalo esikhulu nesiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isifundo sakho esingekona ukuhamba ngezinyawo epaki.

Angizange ngifake le nto ohlwini ngoba iwukhiye we-IT ngokuvamile, futhi hhayi nje ukuphatha uhlelo. Ngokwemvelo, ngeke ukwazi ukufunda yonke into ngaso leso sikhathi—awunaso isikhathi esanele ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, lapho uzifundisa, kufanele ukhumbule amazinga adingekayo wokukhipha.

Akudingekile ukuthi ufunde ngokushesha ukuthi ukuphathwa kwememori yangaphakathi kwensiza ngayinye isebenza kanjani, nokuthi kusebenzisana kanjani nokuphathwa kwememori ye-Linux, kodwa kuhle ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-RAM ngokohlelo nokuthi kungani idingeka. Awudingi ukwazi ukuthi izihloko ze-TCP ne-UDP zihluke kanjani ngokwesakhiwo, kodwa kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuqonda umehluko oyisisekelo endleleni amaphrothokholi asebenza ngayo. Awudingi ukufunda ukuthi iyiphi i-signal attenuation ku-optics, kodwa kungaba kuhle ukwazi ukuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa kwangempela kuhlala kuzuzwa kuwo wonke ama-node. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngokwazi ukuthi izakhi ezithile zisebenza kanjani ezingeni elithile lokungafinyeleli futhi ungaqondi kahle wonke amazinga lapho kungekho nhlobo ukukhipha (uzovele uhlanye).

Kodwa-ke, ensimini yakho, ukucabanga ngezinga lokuthatha "kahle, lokhu kuyinto evumela ukuthi ubonise amawebhusayithi" akukuhle kakhulu. Lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zizonikezwa ukubukezwa kwezindawo ezibalulekile umlawuli wohlelo okufanele abhekane nazo lapho esebenza emazingeni aphansi okukhipha. Ngizozama ukukhawulela inani lolwazi olubuyekeziwe libe sezingeni eliphansi lokungafinyeleli.

Imiyalo eyi-10 yokuphatha uhlelo

Ngakho, sifunde izinsika ezine eziyinhloko nesisekelo. Ingabe singaqala ukuxazulula izinkinga? Hhayi okwamanje. Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, kuhle ukuthi uzijwayeze nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “imikhuba emihle” kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha okuhle. Ngaphandle kwabo, kungenzeka wenze umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale:

1. Abanye bozakwethu bakholelwa ukuthi umthetho wokuqala “ungalimazi.” Kodwa ngithambekele ekuphikisaneni. Uma uzama ukungalimazi, awukwazi ukwenza lutho - izenzo eziningi kakhulu zingalimaza. Ngicabanga ukuthi umthetho obaluleke kakhulu - "yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni". Ngisho noma wenza umonakalo othile, ungahlala uhlehla futhi yonke into ngeke ibe yimbi kangako.

   Kufanele uhlale wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni uma isikhathi nendawo kukuvumela. Udinga ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni lokho ozokushintsha kanye nalokho osengozini yokulahlekelwa ngenxa yesenzo esingase sicekele phansi. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole isipele sobuqotho kanye nokuba khona kwayo yonke idatha edingekayo. Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni akufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlola yonke into, ngaphandle uma udinga ukukhulula isikhala sediski. Uma indawo iyidinga, yigcine kuseva yakho bese uyisusa ngemva kweviki.

2. Umthetho wesibili obaluleke kakhulu (engivame ukuwuphula mina ngokwami). "ungafihli". Uma wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, bhala ukuthi kuphi, ukuze ozakwenu bangasifuni. Uma wenze izenzo ezithile ezingabonakali noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, zibhale phansi: uzoya ekhaya, futhi inkinga ingase iphindwe noma iphakame komunye umuntu, futhi isisombululo sakho sizotholakala ngokusebenzisa amagama angukhiye. Ngisho noma wenza okuthile okwazi kahle, ozakwenu bangase bangenzi.
3. Umthetho wesithathu awudingi ukuchazwa: "ungalinge wenze into ongayazi, uyicabange noma ungayiqondi". Ungakopishi imiyalo evela ku-inthanethi uma ungazi ukuthi yenzani, shayela indoda bese uyicacisa kuqala. Ungasebenzisi izixazululo esezilungile uma ungaqondi ukuthi zenzani. Gcina ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi engacacile ibe ubuncane obuphelele. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokukuthola, khona-ke wenza okuthile okungalungile futhi kufanele ufunde iphuzu elilandelayo.
4. "Hlola". Imibhalo emisha, amathuluzi, imigqa eyodwa kanye nemiyalo kufanele ihlolwe endaweni elawulwayo, hhayi emshinini weklayenti, uma kunethuba elincane lezenzo ezilimazayo. Ngisho noma usekele yonke into (futhi wenze), isikhathi sokuphumula akuyona into ebanda kunazo zonke. Dala iseva ehlukile/virtual/chroot yalokhu futhi uhlole lapho. Ingabe kukhona okuphukile? Khona-ke ungayethula ku- "combat".

   
   

5. "Lawula". Nciphisa yonke imisebenzi ongayilawuli. Iphakheji elilodwa lokuncika ijika lingadonsela phansi uhhafu wesistimu, futhi ifulegi -y elisethelwe i-yum ukususa likunikeza ithuba lokuzijwayeza amakhono akho okubuyisela isistimu kusukela ekuqaleni. Uma isenzo singenazo ezinye izindlela ezingalawulwa, iphuzu elilandelayo ikhophi yasenqolobaneni esenziwe ngomumo.
6. "Hlola". Hlola imiphumela yezenzo zakho nokuthi ingabe udinga ukubuyela emuva ekhophi yasenqolobaneni. Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi inkinga isixazululiwe ngempela yini. Hlola ukuthi ingabe iphutha likhiqiziwe futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Hlola ukuthi yini ongayiphula ngezenzo zakho. Akudingekile ukuthembela emsebenzini wethu, kodwa ungalokothi uhlole.
7. "Xhumana". Uma ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga, buza ozakwenu ukuthi bake bahlangabezana nalokhu. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa isinqumo esiyimpikiswano, thola umbono wozakwenu. Mhlawumbe bazonikeza isisombululo esingcono. Uma ungazethembi ngezenzo zakho, xoxa ngazo nozakwenu. Noma ngabe le kuyindawo yakho yobungcweti, ukubuka okusha kwesimo kungacacisa kakhulu. Ungabi namahloni ngokungazi kwakho. Kungcono ukubuza umbuzo oyisiphukuphuku, ubukeke njengesiwula uthole impendulo, kunokungabuzi, ungatholi mpendulo, ugcine usuyisiwula.
8. “Ungenqabi usizo ngokungenangqondo”. Leli phuzu liphambene nedlule. Uma ubuzwa umbuzo oyisiphukuphuku, cacisa futhi uchaze. Bacela okungenakwenzeka - chaza ukuthi akunakwenzeka futhi kungani, nikeza ezinye izindlela. Uma ungenayo isikhathi (awunaso ngempela isikhathi, hhayi isifiso) - tshela ukuthi unombuzo ophuthumayo, umsebenzi omningi, kodwa uzowuxazulula kamuva. Uma ozakwenu bengenayo imisebenzi ephuthumayo, cela ukuthintana nabo bese udlulisa umbuzo.
9. "Nikeza impendulo". Ingabe omunye wozakwenu useqalile ukusebenzisa indlela entsha noma umbhalo omusha, futhi ingabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle yalesi sinqumo? Kubike. Mhlawumbe inkinga ingaxazululwa ngemigqa emithathu yekhodi noma imizuzu emihlanu yokucwenga le nqubo. Uke wahlangabezana nesiphazamisi ku-software yakho? Bika iphutha. Uma ikwazi ukukhiqizwa kabusha noma kungadingeki ukuthi yenziwe kabusha, cishe izolungiswa. Veza izifiso zakho, iziphakamiso kanye nokugxeka okwakhayo, futhi uveze imibuzo ozoxoxa ngayo uma ibonakala ifanelekile.
10. "Cela impendulo". Sonke asiphelele, njengezinqumo zethu, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola ukulunga kwesinqumo sakho ukusiveza ukuze kuxoxwe ngaso. Uma ulungiselele iklayenti okuthile, licele ukuthi liqaphe umsebenzi; mhlawumbe ibhodlela ohlelweni akukho lapho ubulifuna. Ubhale incwadi yosizo - ibonise ozakwenu, mhlawumbe bazothola indlela yokuyithuthukisa.

Uma usebenzisa njalo le mikhuba emsebenzini wakho, izinkinga eziningi zizoyeka ukuba yizinkinga: ngeke nje unciphise inani lamaphutha akho kanye nama-fackups abe okungenani, kodwa uzothola nethuba lokulungisa amaphutha (ku- uhlobo lwama-backups nozakwenu abazokweluleka ukuthi wenze isipele). Okunye - imininingwane yobuchwepheshe kuphela, lapho, njengoba sazi, udeveli ulele.

Amathuluzi amakhulu okuzodingeka usebenze nawo ngaphezu kwe-50% yesikhathi yi-grep ne-vim. Yini engaba lula? Ukusesha umbhalo nokuhlela umbhalo. Kodwa-ke, i-grep ne-vim ingamathuluzi amaningi anamandla akuvumela ukuthi useshe futhi uhlele umbhalo kahle. Uma enye incwajana ye-Windows ikuvumela ukuthi ubhale/ususe umugqa, khona-ke ku-vim ungenza cishe noma yini ngombhalo. Uma ungangikholwa, shayela umyalo we-vimtutor ovela esigungwini bese uqala ukufunda. Ngokuqondene ne-grep, amandla ayo amakhulu asezimisweni ezijwayelekile. Yebo, ithuluzi ngokwalo likuvumela ukuthi usethe izimo zokusesha kanye nedatha yokukhiphayo ngendlela evumelana nezimo, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-RegExp lokhu akuwenzi umqondo ongako. Futhi udinga ukwazi izinkulumo ezijwayelekile! Okungenani ezingeni eliyisisekelo. Okokuqala, ngingakweluleka ukuthi ubheke lokhu видео, ihlanganisa izisekelo zezinkulumo ezivamile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo ngokuhambisana ne-grep. Oh yebo, uma uwahlanganisa ne-vim, uthola ikhono ELIPHELELE LAMANDLA wokwenza izinto ngombhalo okufanele uzilebule ngezithonjana ezingu-18+.

Kuma-50% asele, ama-40% avela kukhithi yamathuluzi e-coreutils. Ngama-coreutils ungabheka ohlwini I-Wikipedia, futhi imanyuwali yalo lonke uhlu ikuwebhusayithi I-GNU. Okungafakwanga kule sethi kuzinsiza I-POSIX. Akudingekile ukuthi ufunde zonke izikhiye ngekhanda, kodwa kuyasiza ukwazi okungenani ukuthi amathuluzi ayisisekelo angenziwa ini. Awudingi ukuqamba kabusha isondo kusuka ezindukuni. Ngandlela thize ngangidinga ukufaka izikhala zomugqa esikhundleni sokuphuma kosizo oluthile, futhi ingqondo yami egulayo yazala ukwakhiwa okufana noku. sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/n/ /g', kuqhamuke omunye engisebenza naye wangixosha ngomshanelo ku-console, wabe esexazulula inkinga ngokubhala tr 'n' ' '.

Ngingakweluleka ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lenzani kanye nezikhiye zemiyalo esetshenziswa kakhulu; kukho konke okunye kukhona umuntu. Zizwe ukhululekile ukushayela indoda uma unokungabaza. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi ufunda indoda ngokwayo - iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile ngalokho ozothola.

Ngokwazi la mathuluzi, uzokwazi ukuxazulula ngempumelelo ingxenye ebalulekile yezinkinga ozohlangabezana nazo ekusebenzeni. Ezifundweni ezilandelayo, sizobheka ukuthi la mathuluzi azosetshenziswa nini kanye nezinhlaka zezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kuzo.

Umphathi wesistimu ye-FirstVDS u-Kirill Tsvetkov ubenawe.

Source: www.habr.com