В ingxenye yokuqala Ngikhulume kafushane ngomhlangano ngokwawo, okuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhompuyutha ongasebenzisa kuyo i-UnRAID ukuze udale i-NAS ne-MikroTik RouterOS emshinini we-KVM obonakalayo njengokungena esikhundleni somzila ojwayelekile.

Amazwana aphenduke izingxoxo eziwusizo kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho kudingekile ukulungisa amaphutha emhlanganweni wokuqala bese ubhala ingxenye yesithathu kakade! Okunye okuhlongozwayo ngizozama kimi futhi, ngethemba, ngibhale ingxenye yesithathu.

Ekufakeni kokuqala, uzodinga ukuxhuma imonitha, ikhibhodi, negundane kuseva.

Ifaka i-unRAID

Asambe siye iwebhusayithi futhi ufake i-unRAID kunduku ye-USB (engikhohlwe ukuyengeza kuspredishithi). Izincomo zamadrayivu e-flash zijwayelekile: uhlobo olujwayelekile nosayizi womzimba omkhulu (ukupholisa kangcono). I-UnRAID izoqala kule flash drive, ngakho-ke ama-SSD akho azongena ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwenqolobane. Ulwazi olusemthethweni olwengeziwe lapha.

Ungakhohlwa ukunika amandla usekelo lwe-VT-d ne-VT-x ku-BIOS!

Sixhuma i-flash drive kuseva bese siyiqhuba ngemodi ye-GUI.

Igama lomsebenzisi elizenzakalelayo nephasiwedi: impande ngaphandle kwephasiwedi.

Inguqulo ngesikhathi sokubhala: 6.7.2

Ngemuva kokuqala i-OS, qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingxenyekazi zehadiwe ezixhunyiwe zitholiwe. Uhlelo kufanele lubone wonke amadiski akho (amadiski aboniswa kuthebhu ethi Main), izilawuli ezimbili ze-Ethernet nekhadi le-Wi-Fi (futhi lokhu kulula ukukubona kokuthi Amathuluzi -> Amadivayisi Esistimu).

Inkinga ngezilawuli ze-Marvell SATA

Ngenxa yesiphazamisi kumshayeli wesilawuli se-Marvell, ba ingasebenzi ngemva kokunika amandla i-VT-d kunguqulo ye-unRAID engu-6.7.x.

Ngikhethe isixazululo esilula: sengeziwe iommu=pt kuyunithi yezinhlamvu yepharamitha edluliselwe ku-Linux kernel ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Lokhu kwenziwa kuthebhu ethi Main (bese uchofoza kudivayisi ethi “Flash”). Futhi, ungakwazi ekuqaleni ukushintsha ukulungiselelwa ku-flash drive: boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

Mayelana ne-Intel vPro

Angincomi ukufuna ihadiwe esekela i-vPro/AMT.

Okokuqala, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwedeskithophu ekude, udinga ukuxhuma ipulaki ye-HDMI-dummy noma i-DP-dummy, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhadi levidiyo elihlanganisiwe ngeke liqalise ngaphandle komqaphi oxhunyiwe.

Okwesibili, ikhwalithi yesofthiwe yeklayenti evela ku-Intel iphansi kakhulu.

Okwesithathu, ungafinyelela ukusebenza okufanayo kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nge-HDMI / DP extender engenantambo noma enentambo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke ukhawulelwe ekukhetheni ihadiwe.

Ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi

Iya kokuthi Izilungiselelo -> Izilungiselelo Zenethiwekhi. Njengoba ungase uqagele, enye ye-interface izobheka inethiwekhi yendawo, okwesibili - ku-intanethi. Okokuqala, nquma leyo ezoxhunywa kunethiwekhi yangakini. Ebhodini lami lomama, kukhona izitika kuzixhumi ezinamakheli e-MAC, yileyo ndlela engaqonda ngayo ukuthi ubani.

Kafushane, okudingeka ukwenze ukunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo ilungu lamabhuloho amabili ahlukene e-L2 bese usetha ikheli le-IP elimile kulelo elixhunywe kunethiwekhi yendawo. Ikheli le-IP alidingeki kusixhumi esibonakalayo esibheka ku-inthanethi, i-RouterOS izobhekana nayo.

Nakhu okufanele ukuthole:

192.168.1.2 - ikheli lapho i-unRAID izotholakala khona
192.168.0.1 - Ikheli le-RouterOS
192.168.1.3 - pi.hole ikheli leseva ye-DNS

Singashiya isabelo sekheli se-eth0 nge-DHCP, kodwa uma kuba nezinkinga ku-RouterOS, ngeke sikwazi ukufinyelela i-unRAID futhi sizodinga ukuxhuma imonitha nekhibhodi kuseva.

Ngemva kokusetha inethiwekhi, ungashintshela kusilungiselelo sesilawuli-kude ngokusetha ngokuzenzela ikheli le-IP kuklayenti le-LAN.

Ukusethwa kwesitoreji

Ukuze usebenzise umshini obonakalayo, uzodinga isitoreji, ngakho-ke yisikhathi sokuwumisa. Ngeke ngikuchaze ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba kulula kakhulu: udinga ukwabela izindima kuma-hard drive - enye iDiski 1, enye iParity.

Engxenyeni yokuqala, ngibhale ukuthi i-SSD eyodwa yanele, kodwa empeleni akunjalo: kungcono ukuthatha ezimbili ezifanayo bese udala i-cache-pool kubo, ngakho-ke idatha kuzo izovikelwa uma kwenzeka umuntu ehluleka. . Futhi, ku-unRAID ayikho indlela yokwenza isipele idatha kunqolobane. Konke kuchazwe kabanzi lapha.

Kufanele ibukeke kanje (uxolo, angikakayithengi i-SSD yesibili):

Futhi, ungakwazi ukusetha ngokushesha uhlelo lokuhlola ukulinganiswa nokudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kunqolobane. Lokhu kwenziwa kokuthi Izilungiselelo -> Ikhasi Lokuhlela.

Kwanele ukuhlola ukulingana kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili, futhi udlulise idatha kusuka kunqolobane njalo ebusuku.

Ungakwazi ukumisa ngokushesha izinsiza ezitholakala kunethiwekhi kuthebhu ethi Amasheya:

Ngenxa yokuthi nginediski eyodwa kuphela yenqolobane, izizinda azivikelekile. Konke kufanele kube luhlaza.

Faka i-RouterOS

Okokuqala udinga ukulanda ukufakwa kwe-iso-image kusuka lapha (khetha i-x86 Stable CD Image) bese usifaka Towerisos.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokudala umshini obonakalayo.

Nika amandla usekelo kokuthi Izilungiselelo -> Isiphathi se-VM. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzovela ithebhu entsha - ama-VM, yiya kuyo.

Chofoza Engeza i-VM, bese u-Linux.

Nikeza umongo owodwa nje
Kwanele ukwaba 128 noma 256 megabytes inkumbulo
umshini- i440fx-3.1
I-BIOS - SeaBIOS
Entweni ye-OS Faka i-ISO, khetha isithombe esilandiwe (/mnt/user/isos/mikrotik-6.46.iso)
Usayizi we-vDisk oyinhloko - 256M
Ibhasi le-vDisk eliyinhloko - SATA
I-Network Bridge-br0
Engeza isixhumi esibonakalayo sesibili senethiwekhi bese ukhetha br1
Uma ikhadi lakho le-Wi-Fi lingavezwa kwamanye amadivaysi e-PCI, kulungile - libhale ngamapeni ku-config, uma libonisiwe - hlola ibhokisi
Okwamanje, susa ukumaka okuthi Qala i-VM ngemva kokudala bese uchofoza okuthi Dala

Khumbula ukuthi imaphi amakheli e-MAC azowathola izixhumanisi ukuze uqhubeke uwafanise ku-RouterOS.

Ngesizathu esithile, ukunikezwa kwembobo okuzenzakalelayo kwama-VM ahlukene akuzange kungisebenzele njalo, ngakho-ke vula ukucushwa kwe-XML okuwumphumela bese ushintsha umugqa onezilungiselelo ze-VNC ube into efana nale:

<graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='no' websocket='5700' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
 <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>

Uma, njengami, ungabonanga i-adaptha ye-Wi-Fi Kwamanye Amadivayisi e-PCI, yifake mathupha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola ikheli layo ebhasini le-PCI. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu iku-Amathuluzi -> Amadivayisi Esistimu, kuzoba nomugqa:

IOMMU group 23: [168c:003c] 0b:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA986x/988x 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter

Okuthi esimweni sami kuphenduke:

(uxolo, umhlaseli we-MD ka-Habr ngesizathu esithile une-buggy kule ndima, bekufanele ngifake isithombe)

Ungaqala i-VM futhi uxhume kuyo nge-VNC. Ukufaka i-RouterOS kulula kakhulu! Ngemva kokuyalelwa ukukhetha amaphakheji, indlela elula iwukuba ukhethe wonke ngokhiye a bese uqedela ukufaka ngokhiye i, yenqaba ukulondoloza ukucushwa okudala nokuvuma ukufometha idiski.

Ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha, faka u-admin njengokungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi ayinalutho.

Shayela /interface print futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isistimu ibona zonke izixhumanisi zakho ezintathu zenethiwekhi (ngithathe isithombe-skrini ohlelweni oluvele lulungisiwe, lapho amagama ehlukile kunalawo azenzakalelayo):

Kulesi sigaba, ungalanda winbox, xhuma ku-RouterOS ngekheli le-MAC futhi wenze ukumisa okwengeziwe nge-GUI.

Ngicabanga ukuthi ukucushwa okuningiliziwe kwe-RouterOS kungaphezu kwalesi sihloko, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezincwadi eziningi ku-inthanethi, ngakho-ke ngiphakamisa ukuthi uqale wenze Ukusetha Okusheshayo okujwayelekile:

Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ikhebula le-inthanethi embobeni yamahhala futhi ushintshe iklayenti le-LAN ukuze lithole ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli le-IP, futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuyasebenza, ungathenga futhi ufake ukhiye welayisense ye-RouterOS.

Ukwengeza i-Linux VM

Ukuze sisebenze endaweni ejwayelekile, sizodala omunye umshini we-virtual esizosebenzisa kuwo i-%distro_name% owuthandayo.

Namanje landa isithombe se-ISO bese usifaka isos

Iya kuthebhu ye-VM esele ijwayelekile, bese u-Engeza i-VM, iningi lezilungiselelo manje lingashiywa lizenzakalelayo.

I-BIOS - SeaBIOS
Ku-OS Faka i-ISO, khetha isithombe esilandiwe
Usayizi we-vDisk oyinhloko - okuthile okungaba ngu-10-20 GB
I-Unraid Share - indlela eya kunkomba ofuna ukuyenza itholakale ku-VM, kimina /mnt/user/shared/
Umaka we-Mount ongahluziwe shared
I-Network Bridge-br0
Okwamanje, susa ukumaka okuthi Qala i-VM ngemva kokudala bese uchofoza okuthi Dala

Noma kunjalo, ekulungiseni, sihlela izilungiselelo zeseva ye-VNC:

<graphics type='vnc' port='5901' autoport='no' websocket='5701' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
 <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>

Faka isistimu, kufanele ithole i-IP nge-DHCP futhi ibe nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.

Ukuze wenze uhla lwemibhalo lwe-FS lutholakale kumsingathi, engeza ku /etc/fstab umugqa olandelayo:

shared  /mnt/shared     9p      trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L 0 0

Manje ungasebenzisa izinsiza ezijwayelekile emshinini ojwayelekile we-Linux ozophatheka kalula kwezinye ihadiwe!

Uma yonke into isebenza kahle futhi ivula futhi ivale ngendlela efanele, ungathenga futhi ufake ukhiye we-unRAID. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi iboshelwe ku-GUID ye-flash drive (yize ingaphatheka). Futhi, ngaphandle kwelayisensi, ukwethulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-VM ngeke kusebenze.

Ukugcina

Siyabonga ngokufunda kuze kube sekugcineni!

Ngazama ukungabhali okuningi, kodwa noma kunjalo, ngokubona kwami, kwaba yinde impela. Ezinye izici ze-unRAID zilula kakhulu ukuzilungiselela ngokubona kwami, ikakhulukazi njengoba yonke into ilungiswa ngegundane.

Kunemibono emihle engafakwa ku-VM lapha. Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu unezidingo zakhe futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lohlu lwendawo yonke. Nakuba, i-pi.hole, yebo, ingalulekwa kuwo wonke umuntu 🙂

Ngethemba ukuthi nginokwanele ukuqhubeka!

Source: www.habr.com

Ukusetha irutha yasekhaya + i-NAS ku-unRAID (ingxenye 2)