I-motherboard ye-SynQuacer E-Series yeseva ye-ARM engu-24-core ku-ARM Cortex A53 processor eno-32 GB we-RAM,
Iminyaka eminingi, amaphrosesa we-ARM ancishisiwe we-instruction set (RISC) aphethe imakethe yamadivaysi eselula. Kepha abakaze bakwazi ukungena ezikhungweni zedatha, lapho i-Intel ne-AMD isabusa khona ngesethi yemiyalo ye-x86. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izixazululo ezingavamile ziyavela, njenge , kodwa azikho iziphakamiso ezibucayi okwamanje. Ngokunembayo, bekungakaze kube kuleli sonto.
I-AWS yethule awayo amaphrosesa angu-64-core ARM efwini kuleli sonto iyi-system-on-chip enomongo we-ARM Neoverse N1. Inkampani ithi iGraviton2 ishesha kakhulu kunamaphrosesa esizukulwane sangaphambilini se-ARM ezimweni ze-EC2 A1, futhi nakhu .
Ibhizinisi lengqalasizinda limayelana nokuqhathanisa izinombolo. Eqinisweni, amaklayenti esikhungo sedatha noma isevisi yefu awanandaba ukuthi amaphrosesa anasiphi isakhiwo. Banendaba nesilinganiso sokusebenza kwentengo. Uma ukusebenza ku-ARM ishibhile kunokusebenza ku-x86, kuzobe sekukhethwa.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekungenzeki ukusho ngokungananazi ukuthi ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ku-ARM kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu kunaku-x86. Isibonelo, iseva engu-24-core ARM Cortex A53 iyimodeli kubiza cishe u-$1000, okungase kusebenze iseva yewebhu ku-Ubuntu, kodwa ibe ngaphansi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwephrosesa ye-x86.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okumangalisayo kwama-ARM processors kusenza sibabheke kaninginingi. Isibonelo, i-SocioNext SC2A11 idla u-5 W kuphela. Kodwa ugesi ubiza cishe u-20% wezindleko zesikhungo sedatha. Uma lawa ma-chips ekhombisa ukusebenza okuhle, khona-ke i-x86 ngeke ibe nalo ithuba.
Ukufika Kokuqala Kwe-ARM: I-EC2 A1 Instances
Ekupheleni kuka-2018, i-AWS yethulwa kumaphrosesa ethu e-ARM. Lokhu bekuwuphawu embonini mayelana nezinguquko ezingase zibe khona emakethe, kodwa imiphumela yokuma ibidumaza.
Ithebula elingezansi liyabonisa Izimo ze-EC2 A1 (ARM) kanye ne-EC2 M5d.metal (x86). Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusetshenziselwa ukuhlola stress-ng:
stress-ng --metrics-brief --cache 16 --icache 16 --matrix 16 --cpu 16 --memcpy 16 --qsort 16 --dentry 16 --timer 16 -t 1m
Njengoba ubona, i-A1 yenze okubi kakhulu kuzo zonke izivivinyo ngaphandle kwenqolobane. Kwezinye izinkomba eziningi, i-ARM yayingaphansi kakhulu. Lo mehluko wokusebenza mkhulu kunomehluko wentengo ongu-46% phakathi kwe-A1 ne-M5. Ngamanye amazwi, izimo kuma-X86 processors zazisenezinga elingcono lentengo/ukusebenza:
test
EC2 A1
EC2 M5d.metal
Umehluko
cache
1280
311
311,58%
icache
18209
34368
-47,02%
Matrix
77932
252190
-69,10%
CPU
9336
24077
-61,22%
memcpy
21085
111877
-81,15%
qsort
522
728
-28,30%
amazinyo
1389634
2770985
-49.85%
i-timer
4970125
15367075
-67,66%
Yiqiniso, ama-microbenchmark awabonisi isithombe esiqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Okubalulekile umehluko ekusebenzeni kwangempela kohlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa lapha isithombe asizange sibe ngcono. Ozakwethu abavela ku-Scylla baqhathanise izimo ze-a1.metal ne-m5.4xlarge nenani elifanayo lamaphrosesa. Kusivivinyo sokufunda sedatha ye-NoSQL ejwayelekile ekucushweni kwe-node eyodwa, eyokuqala ibonise ukusebenza kokufundwa okungu-102 ngomzuzwana, kanti okwesibili okungu-000 610. Kuzo zombili izimo, wonke amaphrosesa atholakalayo asetshenziswa ku-000%. Lokhu kulingana nokwehliswa cishe okuphindwe kasithupha ekusebenzeni, okungaxazululeki ngentengo ephansi.
Ukwengeza, izimo ze-A1 zisebenza kuphela ku-EBS ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwamadivayisi e-NVMe asheshayo njengezinye izimo.
Sekukonke, i-A1 yayiyisinyathelo esibheke endaweni entsha, kodwa ayizange ifinyelele lokho okwakulindelwe yi-ARM.
Ukuza Kwesibili kwe-ARM: I-EC2 M6 Instances
Konke lokho kushintshile kuleli sonto lapho i-AWS yethula ikilasi elisha lamaseva e-ARM, kanye nenani lezigameko kumaphrosesa amasha. Kubandakanya .
Ukuqhathanisa lezi zimo kukhombisa isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izivivinyo, i-ARM isebenza kangcono, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kangcono kakhulu, kune-x86.
Nansi imiphumela yokusebenzisa umyalo ofanayo wokuhlola ukucindezeleka:
test
EC2 M6g
EC2 M5d.metal
Umehluko
cache
218
311
-29,90%
icache
45887
34368
33,52%
Matrix
453982
252190
80,02%
CPU
14694
24077
-38,97%
memcpy
134711
111877
20,53%
qsort
943
728
29,53%
amazinyo
3088242
2770985
11,45%
i-timer
55515663
15367075
261,26%
Lolu wudaba oluhluke ngokuphelele: i-M6g ishesha ngokuphindwe kahlanu kune-A1 lapho yenza imisebenzi yokufunda kusuka kusizindalwazi se-Scylla NoSQL, futhi izimo ezintsha ze-M6gd zigijima ngokushesha kwe-NVMe.
I-ARM ihlasela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi
Iphrosesa ye-AWS Graviton2 iyisibonelo esisodwa nje se-ARM esetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha. Kodwa izimpawu zivela ezindaweni ezihlukene. Isibonelo, ngoNovemba 15, 2019, i-Nuvia yaseMelika yokuqala .
Ukuqala kwasungulwa onjiniyela abathathu abahamba phambili ababebambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamaphrosesa kwa-Apple naku-Google. Bathembisa ukuthuthukisa amaphrosesa ezikhungo zedatha ezizoqhudelana ne-Intel ne-AMD.
Ngu I-Nuvia iklame umgogodla wokucubungula ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu ongakhiwa phezu kwezakhiwo ze-ARM, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthola ilayisense ye-ARM.
Konke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ama-ARM processors alungele ukunqoba imakethe yeseva. Phela, siphila enkathini ye-post-PC. Ukuthunyelwa kwaminyaka yonke kwe-x86 kwehle cishe ngo-10% kusukela ngo-2011, kuyilapho ama-RISC chips enyuke afinyelela ku-20 billion. Namuhla, u-99% wama-32- kanye nama-64-bit processors emhlabeni angama-RISC.
Abawine iTuring Award uJohn Hennessy noDavid Patterson bashicilele indatshana ngoFebhuwari 2019 . Nakhu abakubhalayo:
Imakethe ixazulule ingxabano ye-RISC vs CISC. Nakuba i-CISC iphumelele izigaba zakamuva zenkathi ye-PC, kodwa i-RISC iyawina manje njengoba inkathi ye-post-PC isifikile. Awekho ama-CISC ISA amasha adaliwe amashumi eminyaka. Okwasimangaza ukuthi, ukuvumelana ngezimiso ze-ISA ezingcono kakhulu zabacubungula benjongo evamile namuhla kusancike ku-RISC, eminyakeni engu-35 ngemva kokusungulwa kwayo... Kuma-ecosystem omthombo ovulekile, ama-chips aklanywe kahle azobonisa impumelelo ephoqelelayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela asheshise ukutholwa kwezentengiso. . Ifilosofi yephrosesa yenhloso ejwayelekile kulawa ma-chip cishe izoba yi-RISC, esimele isikhathi eside. Lindela ukuqamba okusha okusheshayo njengasenkathini yokugcina yegolide, kodwa kulokhu ngokwezindleko, amandla nokuphepha, hhayi nje ukusebenza.
“Eshumini leminyaka elizayo kuzobona ukuqhuma kweCambrian kwezakhiwo ezintsha zamakhompiyutha, okubonisa izikhathi ezijabulisayo kubadwebi bamakhompiyutha ezifundweni nasezimbonini,” baphetha leli phepha.
Source: www.habr.com