Okokugcina sikhulume ngezici zezinga elisha le-NB-IoT kusukela ekubukeni kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokho okushintshile ku-Core Network ngaphansi kwe-NB-IoT. Ngakho, asihambe.
Kube nezinguquko ezibalulekile kumongo wenethiwekhi. Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi isici esisha sivele, kanye nenani lezindlela, ezichazwa yizinga njengokuthi "I-CIoT EPS Optimization" noma ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi eyinhloko ye-Inthanethi yezinto zeselula.
Njengoba wazi, kumanethiwekhi eselula kuneziteshi ezimbili ezinkulu zokuxhumana, ezibizwa nge-Control Plane (CP) kanye ne-User Plane (UP). I-Control Plane ihloselwe ukushintshanisa imilayezo yesevisi phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zenethiwekhi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba (Ukuphathwa kokuhamba) kwamadivayisi (i-UE) nokusungula/ukugcina iseshini yokudluliswa kwedatha (Ukuphathwa Kweseshini). I-User Plane, empeleni, iyisiteshi sokudlulisa ithrafikhi yabasebenzisi. Ku-LTE yakudala, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-CP ne-UP kuzo zonke izixhumanisi kungokulandelayo:
Izindlela zokusebenzisa ngokugcwele ze-CP ne-UP ze-NB-IoT zisetshenziswa kumanodi e-MME, SGW kanye ne-PGW, ahlanganiswa ngokuvamile abe into eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-C-SGN (I-Cellular IoT Serving Gateway Node). Izinga liphinde liqale ukuvela kwento entsha yenethiwekhi - i-SCEF (Umsebenzi Wokubonakaliswa Kwekhono Lesevisi). I-interface phakathi kwe-MME ne-SCEF ibizwa ngokuthi i-T6a futhi isetshenziswa ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-DIAMETER. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-DIAMETER iyiphrothokholi yokusayina, ku-NB-IoT iguqulelwe ukudluliselwa kwenani elincane ledatha engeyona ye-IP.
Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, i-SCEF iyiNode Yombukiso Yekhono Lesevisi. Ngamanye amazwi, i-SCEF ifihla ubunkimbinkimbi benethiwekhi yomsebenzisi, futhi ikhulula abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza esidingweni sokuhlonza nokuqinisekisa amadivaysi eselula (i-UE), ivumela amaseva ohlelo lokusebenza (Iseva Yohlelo Lokusebenza, ngemuva kwalokhu AS) ukuthi zithole idatha futhi zilawule amadivayisi ngomshini owodwa. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-API.
Isihlonzi se-UE asibi yinombolo yocingo (MSISDN) noma ikheli le-IP, njengoba kwakunjalo kunethiwekhi yakudala ye-2G/3G/LTE, kodwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-ID yangaphandle”, echazwa yindinganiso ngefomethi ejwayelekile. kubathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza “@". Lesi yisihloko esikhulu esihlukile esifanele izinto ezihlukene, ngakho-ke ngeke sikhulume ngakho ngokuningiliziwe manje.
Manje ake sibheke izinto ezintsha ezibaluleke kakhulu. I-“CIoT EPS Optimization” iwukwenziwa kahle kwezindlela zokudlulisa umgwaqo kanye nokuphathwa kweseshini yababhalisile. Nazi eziyinhloko:
- I-DoNAS
- I-NIDD
- I-PSM ne-eDRX izindlela zokonga amandla
- I-HLCOM
I-DoNAS (Idatha nge-NAS):
Lena indlela eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kwenani elincane ledatha.
Ku-LTE yakudala, lapho ubhalisa kunethiwekhi, idivayisi yokubhalisa isungula uxhumano lwe-PDN (ngemuva kwalokhu olubizwa ngokuthi i-PDN) nge-eNodeB kuya ku-MME-SGW-PGW. Uxhumano lwe-UE-eNodeB-MME lubizwa ngokuthi “Signing Radio Bearer” (SRB). Uma kudingekile ukudlulisa/ukwamukela idatha, i-UE isungula okunye ukuxhumana ne-eNodeB - “Data Radio Bearer” (DRB), ukuze idlulisele ithrafikhi yomsebenzisi ku-SGW nokuqhubekela phambili ku-PGW (i-interfaces S1-U ne-S5, ngokulandelana) . Ekupheleni kokushintshana futhi uma ingekho ithrafikhi isikhathi esithile (imvamisa imizuzwana emi-5-20), lokhu kuxhumana kuyanqanyulwa bese idivayisi ingena kumodi yokulinda noma “Imodi yokungenzi lutho”. Uma kudingekile ukushintshanisa ingxenye entsha yedatha, i-SRB ne-DRB zisethwa kabusha.
Ku-NB-IoT, ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi yomsebenzisi kungenziwa ngesiteshi sokusayina (SRB), kumilayezo yephrothokholi ye-NAS (). Ukusetha i-DRB akusadingeki. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wesignali, kusindisa izinsiza zomsakazo wenethiwekhi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kwandisa impilo yebhethri yedivayisi.
Esigabeni se-eNodeB - MME, idatha yomsebenzisi iqala ukudluliselwa phezu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-S1-MME, okwakungenjalo kubuchwepheshe be-LTE yakudala, futhi iphrothokholi ye-NAS isetshenziselwa lokhu, lapho kuvela khona "isitsha sedatha yomsebenzisi".
Ukuze kwenziwe ukudluliselwa "Kwendiza Yomsebenzisi" isuka ku-MME iye ku-SGW, kuvela isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha se-S11-U, esiklanyelwe ukudlulisa amanani amancane edatha yomsebenzisi. Iphrothokholi ye-S11-U isuselwe ku-GTP-U v1, esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwe-User Plane kwezinye izindawo zenethiwekhi zokwakheka kwe-3GPP.
I-NIDD (ukulethwa kwedatha okungeyona eye-IP):
Njengengxenye yokuthuthukisa okwengeziwe kwezindlela zokudlulisa amanani amancane edatha, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-PDN ezivele zikhona, njenge-IPv4, IPv6 ne-IPv4v6, sekuvele olunye uhlobo - okungezona i-IP. Kulokhu, i-UE ayinikwanga ikheli le-IP futhi idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-IP. Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zalokhu:
- Amadivayisi e-IoT njengezinzwa angadlulisela amanani amancane kakhulu edatha, amabhayithi angu-20 noma ngaphansi. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubuncane besayizi kanhlokweni we-IP ungamabhayithi angu-20, i-IP encapsulation ngezinye izikhathi ingase ibize kakhulu;
- Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa isitaki se-IP ku-chip, okuholela ekwehliseni kwabo izindleko (umbuzo wokuxoxisana kumazwana).
Ngokuvamile, ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi liyadingeka ukuze amadivayisi e-IoT adlulise idatha nge-inthanethi. Emcabangweni we-NB-IoT, i-SCEF isebenza njengendawo eyodwa yokuxhumana ye-AS, futhi ukushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi namaseva ohlelo lokusebenza kwenzeka nge-API. Uma ingekho i-SCEF, idatha okungeyona eye-IP ingadluliselwa ku-AS ngomhubhe we-Point-to-Point (PtP) kusukela ku-PGW futhi kuzokwenziwa ukufakwa kwe-IP kuyo.
Konke lokhu kufanelana nepharadigm ye-NB-IoT - ukwenza lula okukhulu nokwehliswa kwezindleko zamadivayisi.
I-PSM ne-eDRX izindlela zokonga amandla:
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamanethiwekhi e-LPWAN ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Idivayisi kuthiwa ihlala iminyaka engu-10 yempilo yebhethri kubhethri elilodwa. Ake sithole ukuthi amanani anjalo afinyelelwa kanjani.
Kunini lapho idivayisi isebenzisa amandla amancane? Ilungile uma ivaliwe. Futhi uma kungenakwenzeka ukucisha ngokuphelele amandla idivayisi, ake siyiqede amandla imojula yomsakazo inqobo nje uma ingadingeki. Udinga nje ukuxhumanisa lokhu nenethiwekhi kuqala.
I-PSM (Imodi yokonga amandla):
Imodi yokonga amandla ye-PSM ivumela idivayisi ukuthi ivale imojuli yomsakazo isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ihlezi ibhalisiwe kunethiwekhi, futhi ingafaki kabusha i-PDN njalo lapho idinga ukudlulisa idatha.
Ukwazisa inethiwekhi ukuthi idivayisi isatholakala, ngezikhathi ezithile iqala inqubo yokuvuselela - Ukulandelela Indawo Yokubuyekezwa (TAU). Imvamisa yale nqubo isethwe inethiwekhi isebenzisa i-timer T3412, inani layo elidluliselwa kudivayisi ngesikhathi senqubo yokunamathisela noma i-TAU elandelayo. Ku-LTE yakudala, inani elizenzakalelayo lalesi sibali sikhathi imizuzu engama-54, futhi umkhawulo yimizuzu eyi-186. Nokho, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, isidingo sokuya emoyeni njalo ngemizuzu eyi-186 sibiza kakhulu. Indlela ye-PSM yenzelwe ukuxazulula le nkinga.
Idivayisi ivula imodi ye-PSM ngokudlulisa amanani ezibali sikhathi ezimbili T3324 kanye ne-T3412-Anwetshiwe kumilayezo ethi "Namathisela Isicelo" noma "Isicelo Sendawo Yokulandelela". Esokuqala sinquma isikhathi idivayisi ezotholakala ngaso ngemva kokushintshela kokuthi “Imodi yokungenzi lutho”. Okwesibili yisikhathi okumele senziwe ngemuva kwe-TAU, kuphela manje inani layo lingafinyelela imizuzwana engu-35712000 noma izinsuku ezingu-413. Kuye ngamasethingi, i-MME ingamukela amanani esibali sikhathi atholwe kudivayisi noma iwaguqule ngokuthumela amanani amasha kumilayezo ethi “Namathisela Yamukela” noma “Yemukela Isibuyekezo Sendawo Yokulandelela”. Manje idivayisi ayikwazi ukuvula imojuli yomsakazo izinsuku ezingu-413 futhi ihlale ibhalisiwe kunethiwekhi. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukonga okukhulu ezinsizeni zenethiwekhi nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwamadivayisi!
Nokho, kule modi idivayisi ayitholakaleli ukuxhumana okungenayo kuphela. Uma kudingekile ukudlulisa okuthile kuseva yohlelo lokusebenza, idivayisi ingaphuma ku-PSM nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi ithumele idatha, ngemva kwalokho ihlala isebenza ngesikhathi se-T3324 ukuze yamukele imilayezo yolwazi evela ku-AS (uma ikhona).
I-eDRX (ukwamukelwa okungapheli okunwetshiwe):
I-eDRX, Ukwamukela Kwesikhashana Okuthuthukisiwe. Ukudlulisa idatha kudivayisi “ekumodi yokungenzi-lutho”, inethiwekhi yenza inqubo yokwazisa - “Ukupheja”. Lapho ithola ukupheja, idivayisi iqala ukusungulwa kwe-SRB ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi. Kodwa ukuze ungaphuthelwa umlayezo wokuPhega obhekiswe kuwo, idivayisi kufanele ihlale igade umoya womsakazo, nawo odla amandla.
I-eDRX imodi lapho idivayisi ingatholi khona imilayezo evela kunethiwekhi njalo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Phakathi nezinqubo zokunamathisela noma ze-TAU, idivayisi ivumelana nenethiwekhi ngezikhawu zesikhathi lapho "izolalela" ukusakaza. Ngokufanelekile, inqubo yokuPhega izokwenziwa ngezikhawu ezifanayo. Kumodi ye-eDRX, ukusebenza kwedivayisi kuhlukaniswa ngemijikelezo (umjikelezo we-eDRX). Ekuqaleni komjikelezo ngamunye kukhona okuthiwa “iwindi lokupheja” (Paging Time Window, ngemva kwalokhu PTW) - lesi yisikhathi lapho idivayisi ilalela isiteshi somsakazo. Ekupheleni kwe-PTW, idivayisi ivala imojuli yomsakazo kuze kube sekupheleni komjikelezo.
I-HLCOM (ukuxhumana okuphezulu kokubambezeleka):
Uma idinga ukudlulisa idatha ku-Uplink, idivayisi ingaphuma kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela ezimbili zokonga amandla ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi umjikelezo we-PSM noma we-eDRX uqede. Kodwa kungenzeka ukudlulisa idatha kudivayisi kuphela uma isebenza.
Ukusebenza kwe-HLCOM noma ukuxhumana nokubambezeleka okuphezulu ukugcina kumthamo wamaphakethe e-Downlink ku-SGW ngenkathi idivayisi ikumodi yokonga amandla futhi ingatholakali ekuxhumaneni. Amaphakethe anebhafa azolethwa ngokushesha uma idivayisi iphuma ku-PSM ngokwenza i-TAU noma ukudlula ithrafikhi ye-Uplink, noma uma kwenzeka i-PTW.
Lokhu, vele, kudinga ukuqwashisa ngasohlangothini lwabathuthukisi bemikhiqizo ye-IoT, njengoba ukuxhumana nedivayisi akufinyelelwa ngesikhathi sangempela futhi kudinga indlela ethile yokuklama i-logic yebhizinisi yezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ekuphetheni, ake sithi: ukwethulwa kwento entsha kuhlale kujabulisa, kodwa manje sibhekene nendinganiso engakaze ihlolwe ngokugcwele ngisho "nama-bisons" womhlaba, njengeVodafone neTelefonica - ngakho-ke kujabulisa kabili. Ukwethulwa kwethu kokubalulekile akuzenzi sengathi kuphelele ngokuphelele, kodwa sithemba ukuthi kunikeza ukuqonda okwanele kobuchwepheshe. Singayithokozela impendulo yakho.
Umbhali: Ingcweti yoMnyango Wezixazululo Zokuguquguquka kanye Nezinsizakalo Zemidiya Eningi u-Alexey Lapshin
Source: www.habr.com