Esihlokweni esithi “", sikhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwengqikithi yephakethe yenethiwekhi ye-NB-IoT, sikhulume ngokubukeka kwe-SCEF node entsha. Sichaza engxenyeni yesithathu ukuthi iyini futhi kungani idingeka?
Lapho udala isevisi ye-M2M, abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza babhekana nemibuzo elandelayo:
- indlela yokubona imishini;
- iyiphi i-algorithm yokuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa okufanele isetshenziswe;
- iyiphi iphrothokholi yezokuthutha ongakhetha ukusebenzisana namadivayisi;
- indlela yokuletha idatha ngokuthembekile kumadivayisi;
- indlela yokuhlela nokusungula imithetho yokushintshisana ngolwazi nabo;
- indlela yokuqapha nokuthola ulwazi mayelana nesimo sabo ku-inthanethi;
- indlela yokuletha kanyekanye idatha eqenjini lamadivayisi akho;
- indlela yokuthumela ngesikhathi esisodwa idatha kusuka kudivayisi eyodwa kuya kumakhasimende amaningana;
- ungakuthola kanjani ukufinyelela okuhlanganisiwe ezinsizeni zika-opharetha ezengeziwe zokuphatha idivayisi yakho.
Ukuze uzixazulule, kuyadingeka ukudala izixazululo "ezisindayo" eziphathelene nobunikazi, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo zesikhathi sokuya emakethe. Kulapho i-node entsha ye-SCEF isiza khona.
Njengoba kuchazwe yi-3GPP, i-SCEF (umsebenzi wokuchayeka kukhono lesevisi) iyingxenye entsha ngokuphelele yokwakheka kwe-3GPP umsebenzi wayo uwukuveza ngokuphephile izinsiza namandla ahlinzekwa yi-interface yenethiwekhi ye-3GPP ngama-API.
Ngamagama alula, i-SCEF ingumxhumanisi phakathi kwenethiwekhi kanye neseva yohlelo lokusebenza (AS), iwindi elilodwa lokufinyelela ezinsizeni ze-opharetha zokuphatha idivayisi yakho ye-M2M kunethiwekhi ye-NB-IoT ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, esimisiwe se-API.
I-SCEF ifihla ubunkimbinkimbi benethiwekhi yomsebenzisi, ivumela abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza ukuthi bakhiphe izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziqondene nedivayisi zokusebenzisana namadivayisi.
Ngokuguqula amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi abe i-API ejwayelekile yonjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza, i-SCEF API isiza ukudalwa kwamasevisi amasha futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokuya emakethe. I-node entsha iphinde ihlanganise nemisebenzi yokuhlonza/yokuqinisekisa amadivaysi eselula, echaza imithetho yokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwedivayisi ne-AS, isusa isidingo sabathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze basebenzise le misebenzi ohlangothini lwabo, behambisa le misebenzi emahlombe o-opharetha.
I-SCEF ihlanganisa ukuxhumana okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kugunyazwe amaseva ohlelo lokusebenza, ukugcina ukuhamba kwe-UE, ukudluliswa kwedatha nokucupha idivayisi, ukufinyelela kumasevisi engeziwe namandla enethiwekhi yo-opharetha.
Ngaku-AS kune-interface ye-T8 eyodwa, i-API (HTTP/JSON) esezingeni nge-3GPP. Zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo, ngaphandle kwe-T8, zisebenza ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-DIAMETER (Fig. 1).
I-T6a – ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-SCEF ne-MME. Isetshenziselwa izinqubo zokuphatha i-Mobility/Session, ukudluliswa kwedatha okungeyona eye-IP, ukuhlinzekwa kwemicimbi yokuqapha nokwamukela imibiko ngayo.
I-S6t – ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-SCEF ne-HSS. Kudingeka ekuqinisekiseni kobhalisile, ukugunyazwa kwamaseva wohlelo lokusebenza, ukuthola inhlanganisela ye-ID yangaphandle kanye ne-IMSI/MSISDN, ukunikeza izehlakalo zokuqapha nokwamukela imibiko ngazo.
I-S6m/T4 – ixhuma kusuka ku-SCEF kuya ku-HSS kanye ne-SMS-C (i-3GPP ichaza indawo ye-MTC-IWF, esetshenziselwa ukucupha idivayisi nokudluliswa kwe-SMS kumanethiwekhi e-NB-IoT. Nokho, kukho konke ukuqaliswa ukusebenza kwale nodi kuhlanganiswe I-SCEF, ngakho-ke ukwenza lula isifunda, ngeke sikucabangele ngokwehlukana). Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ulwazi lomzila lokuthumela i-SMS nokuxhumana nesikhungo se-SMS.
I-T8 - Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-API sokusebenzisana kwe-SCEF namaseva ohlelo lokusebenza. Yomibili imiyalo yokulawula kanye nethrafikhi kudluliselwa ngalesi sikhombimsebenzisi.
*eqinisweni kukhona ukuxhumana okwengeziwe; okuyisisekelo kuphela okubalulwe lapha. Uhlu oluphelele lunikezwe ku-3GPP 23.682 (4.3.2 Uhlu Lwamaphuzu Okubhekisela).
Ngezansi imisebenzi esemqoka kanye nezinsizakalo ze-SCEF:
- ukuxhuma isihlonzi se-SIM khadi (IMSI) ne-ID yangaphandle;
- ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi okungeyona ye-IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD);
- imisebenzi yeqembu kusetshenziswa i-ID yeqembu yangaphandle;
- ukwesekwa kwemodi yokudlulisa idatha ngokuqinisekisa;
- ukugcinwa kumthamo kwedatha ye-MO (Mobile Originated) kanye ne-MT (I-Mobile Terminated);
- ukuqinisekiswa nokugunyazwa kwamadivayisi namaseva wohlelo lokusebenza;
- ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwedatha evela ku-UE eyodwa ngama-AS amaningana;
- ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi ekhethekile yokuqapha isimo se-UE (MONTE - Monitoring Events);
- ukucupha idivayisi;
- ukuhlinzeka ngokuzulazula kwedatha okungeyona eye-IP.
Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-AS ne-SCEF usekelwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo. okubhaliselwe. Uma kudingekile ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kunoma iyiphi isevisi ye-SCEF ye-UE ethile, iseva yohlelo lokusebenza idinga ukudala okubhaliselwe ngokuthumela umyalo ku-API ethile yesevisi eceliwe futhi ithole isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele njengempendulo. Ngemuva kwalokho zonke ezinye izenzo nokuxhumana ne-UE ngaphakathi kohlaka lwale sevisi kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa lesi sihlonzi.
I-ID yangaphandle: Inkomba yedivayisi yonke
Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-AS namadivayisi lapho usebenza nge-SCEF ukubonakala kwesihlonzi sendawo yonke. Manje, esikhundleni senombolo yocingo (MSISDN) noma ikheli le-IP, njengoba kwakunjalo kunethiwekhi yakudala ye-2G/3G/LTE, isihlonzi sedivayisi seseva yohlelo lokusebenza siba “i-ID yangaphandle”. Ichazwa yindinganiso ngefomethi ejwayelekile kubathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza “ @ "
Onjiniyela akusadingeki basebenzise ama-algorithms okuqinisekisa idivayisi; inethiwekhi iwuthatha ngokuphelele lo msebenzi. I-ID yangaphandle iboshelwe ku-IMSI, futhi unjiniyela angaqiniseka ukuthi lapho efinyelela i-ID ethile yangaphandle, isebenzisana nekhadi le-SIM elithile. Uma usebenzisa i-SIM chip, uthola isimo esihluke ngokuphelele lapho umazisi wangaphandle uhlonza idivayisi ethile ngokukhethekile!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ID ambalwa angaphandle angaxhunywa ku-IMSI eyodwa - isimo esithakazelisa nakakhulu siphakama lapho i-ID yangaphandle ihlonza ngokukhethekile uhlelo lokusebenza olunesibopho sesevisi ethile kudivayisi ethile.
Isihlonzi seqembu siphinde sivele - i-ID yeqembu yangaphandle, ehlanganisa isethi yama-ID angaphandle angawodwana. Manje, ngesicelo esisodwa ku-SCEF, i-AS ingaqalisa ukusebenza kweqembu - ukuthumela idatha noma imiyalo yokulawula kumadivayisi amaningi ahlanganiswe eqenjini elilodwa elinengqondo.
Ngenxa yokuthi kubathuthukisi be-AS ukushintshela kusihlonzi sedivayisi entsha ngeke kube khona manjalo, i-SCEF ishiye ithuba lokuxhumana kwe-AS ne-UE ngenombolo ejwayelekile - i-MSISDN.
Ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi okungeyona ye-IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD)
Ku-NB-IoT, njengengxenye yokwenziwa kahle kwezinqubo zokudlulisa amanani amancane edatha, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezivele zikhona ze-PDN, njenge-IPv4, IPv6 ne-IPv4v6, sekuvele olunye uhlobo - okungezona i-IP. Kulokhu, idivayisi (UE) ayinikezwanga ikheli le-IP futhi idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-IP. Ithrafikhi yokuxhumana okunjalo ingahanjiswa ngezindlela ezimbili: yakudala - MME -> SGW -> PGW bese kuba ngomhubhe we-PtP uye ku-AS (Fig. 2) noma kusetshenziswa i-SCEF (Fig. 3).
Indlela yakudala ayinikezi noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezikhethekile phezu kwethrafikhi ye-IP, ngaphandle kokunciphisa usayizi wamaphakethe adlulisiwe ngenxa yokungabikho kwezihloko ze-IP. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-SCEF kuvula amathuba amaningi amasha futhi kwenza kube lula kakhulu izinqubo zokusebenzelana namadivayisi.
Lapho uthumela idatha nge-SCEF, izinzuzo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zivela phezu kwethrafikhi ye-IP yakudala:
Ukulethwa kwethrafikhi ye-MT kudivayisi nge-ID yangaphandle
Ukuze uthumele umlayezo kudivayisi ye-IP yakudala, i-AS kufanele yazi ikheli layo le-IP. Lapha kuphakama inkinga: njengoba idivayisi ngokuvamile ithola ikheli le-IP "elimpunga" lapho libhaliswa, lixhumana neseva yohlelo lokusebenza, etholakala ku-intanethi, ngokusebenzisa i-NAT node, lapho ikheli elimpunga lihunyushwa libe mhlophe. Inhlanganisela yamakheli e-IP ampunga namhlophe ihlala isikhathi esilinganiselwe, kuye ngezilungiselelo ze-NAT. Ngokwesilinganiso, nge-TCP noma i-UDP - akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Okusho ukuthi, uma kungekho ukushintshaniswa kwedatha nale divayisi phakathi nemizuzu engu-5, uxhumano luzohlakazeka futhi idivayisi ngeke isafinyeleleka ekhelini elimhlophe lapho iseshini ne-AS iqaliswe khona. Kunezixazululo eziningana:
1. Sebenzisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma uxhumano selumisiwe, idivayisi kufanele ishintshisane ngamaphakethe ne-AS njalo emizuzwini embalwa, lokho kuvimbele ukuhunyushwa kwe-NAT ukuthi kuvalwe. Kodwa ngeke kukhulunywe nganoma yikuphi ukonga kwamandla lapha.
2. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma kunesidingo, hlola ukutholakala kwamaphakheji wedivayisi ku-AS - thumela umlayezo ku-uplink.
3. Dala i-APN yangasese (i-VRF), lapho iseva yohlelo lokusebenza namadivayisi kuzoba ku-subnet efanayo, futhi unikeze amakheli e-IP amile kumadivayisi. Kuzosebenza, kodwa cishe akunakwenzeka uma sikhuluma ngenqwaba yezinkulungwane, amashumi ezinkulungwane zamadivayisi.
4. Okokugcina, inketho efaneleke kakhulu: sebenzisa i-IPv6, ayidingi i-NAT, njengoba amakheli e-IPv6 etholakala ngokuqondile ku-inthanethi. Nokho, nakulesi simo, uma idivayisi iphinda ibhaliswa, izothola ikheli elisha le-IPv6 futhi ngeke lisafinyeleleka kusetshenziswa elidlule.
Ngokufanelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthumela iphakethe elithile lokuqalisa elinenkomba yedivayisi kuseva ukuze ubike ikheli elisha lasesizindeni se-inthanethi ledivayisi. Bese ulinda iphakethe lokuqinisekisa elivela ku-AS, eliphinde lithinte ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Lezi zindlela zisebenza kahle kumadivayisi we-2G/3G/LTE, lapho idivayisi ingenayo izidingo eziqinile zokuzimela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, akukho mingcele ku-airtime kanye nethrafikhi. Lezi zindlela aziyilungele i-NB-IoT ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu.
I-SCEF ixazulula le nkinga: njengoba okuwukuphela kwesihlonzi sedivayisi ye-AS kuwumazisi wangaphandle, i-AS idinga kuphela ukuthumela iphakethe ledatha ku-SCEF ukuze uthole umazisi othile wangaphandle, futhi i-SCEF inakekela okunye. Esimeni lapho idivayisi ikumodi yokonga amandla ye-PSM noma ye-eDRX, idatha izofakwa kubhafa futhi ilethwe lapho idivayisi isitholakala. Uma idivayisi itholakalela ithrafikhi, idatha izolethwa ngokushesha. Kungokufanayo nasemaqenjini abaphathi.
Noma kunini, i-AS ingakhumbula umlayezo ogcinwe ku-UE noma iwushintshe ifake omusha.
Indlela yokubhafa ingasetshenziswa futhi lapho kuthunyelwa idatha ye-MO isuka ku-UE iye ku-AS. Uma i-SCEF ingakwazi ukuletha idatha ku-AS ngokushesha, isibonelo uma umsebenzi wokulungisa uqhubeka kumaseva we-AS, lawa maphakethe azofakwa kubhafa futhi aqinisekiswe ukuthi azolethwa ngokushesha nje lapho i-AS isitholakala.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukufinyelela kusevisi ethile kanye ne-UE ye-AS (futhi i-NIDD iyisevisi) kulawulwa imithetho nezinqubomgomo ngasohlangothini lwe-SCEF, okuvumela ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokusebenzisa kanyekanye idatha evela ku-UE eyodwa ngama-AS amaningana. Labo. uma i-AS eminingana ibhalisele i-UE eyodwa, ngemva kokuthola idatha evela ku-UE, i-SCEF izoyithumela kubo bonke ababhalisele i-AS. Lokhu kuzifanela kahle izimo lapho umdali weqoqo lamadivayisi akhethekile abelana ngedatha phakathi kwamaklayenti amaningana. Isibonelo, ngokwakha inethiwekhi yeziteshi zesimo sezulu ezisebenza ku-NB-IoT, ungathengisa idatha kusuka kuzo uye kumasevisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Indlela yokulethwa komlayezo eqinisekisiwe
Isevisi Yedatha Ethembekile iyindlela yokulethwa okuqinisekisiwe kwemilayezo ye-MO ne-MT ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-algorithms akhethekile ezingeni lephrothokholi, njengesibonelo, ukuxhawula ku-TCP. Isebenza ngokufaka ifulegi elikhethekile engxenyeni yesevisi yomlayezo lapho kushintshwa phakathi kwe-UE ne-SCEF. Ukuthi le ndlela yokwenza isebenze noma cha uma udlulisela ithrafikhi kunqunywa i-AS.
Uma indlela yenziwe yasebenza, i-UE ifaka ifulegi elikhethekile engxenyeni engaphezulu yephakethe lapho idinga ukulethwa okuqinisekisiwe kwethrafikhi ye-MO. Lapho ithola iphakethe elinjalo, i-SCEF iphendula i-UE ngokuvuma. Uma i-UE ingalitholi iphakethe lokuvuma, iphakethe elibheke ku-SCEF lizophinda lithunyelwe. Kwenzeka okufanayo naku-MT traffic.
Ukuqapha idivayisi (imicimbi yokuqapha - MONTE)
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukusebenza kwe-SCEF, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yokuqapha isimo se-UE, lokho okubizwa. ukuqapha idivayisi. Futhi uma izihlonzi ezintsha nezindlela zokudluliswa kwedatha kuwukuthuthukisa (nakuba kubi kakhulu) kwezinqubo ezikhona, kusho ukuthi i-MONTE iwumsebenzi omusha ngokuphelele ongatholakali kumanethiwekhi e-2G/3G/LTE. I-MONTE ivumela i-AS ukuthi ihlole amapharamitha wedivayisi njengesimo sokuxhuma, ukutholakala kokuxhumana, indawo, isimo sokuzulazula, njll. Sizokhuluma ngazo zonke ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.
Uma kudingekile ukwenza noma yimuphi umcimbi wokuqapha idivayisi noma iqembu lamadivayisi, i-AS ibhalisela isevisi ehambisanayo ngokuthumela umyalo ohambisanayo we-API MONTE ku-SCEF, ohlanganisa amapharamitha afana ne-Id yangaphandle noma i-ID yeqembu yangaphandle, isihlonzi se-AS, ukuqapha. uhlobo, inombolo yemibiko, i-AS efuna ukuyithola. Uma i-AS igunyaziwe ukwenza isicelo, i-SCEF, kuye ngohlobo, izohlinzeka umcimbi ku-HSS noma i-MME (Fig. 4). Uma kwenzeka umcimbi, i-MME noma i-HSS ikhiqiza umbiko ku-SCEF, owuthumela ku-AS.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwayo yonke imicimbi, ngaphandle kokuthi “Inani lama-UE akhona endaweni”, kwenzeka nge-HSS. Imicimbi emibili ethi “Ushintsho Lwenhlangano ye-IMSI-IMEI” kanye “Nesimo Sokuzulazula” zilandelelwa ngokuqondile ku-HSS, enye yonke izohlinzekwa yi-HSS ku-MME.
Imicimbi ingaba yesikhathi esisodwa noma ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi inqunywa uhlobo lwayo.
Ukuthumela umbiko mayelana nomcimbi (ukubika) wenziwa i-node elandelela umcimbi ngqo ku-SCEF (Fig. 5).
Iphuzu elibalulekile: Imicimbi yokuqapha ingasetshenziswa kuwo womabili amadivayisi angewona awe-IP axhunywe nge-SCEF namadivayisi e-IP athumela idatha ngendlela yakudala nge-MME-SGW-PGW.
Ake sibhekisise umcimbi ngamunye wokuqapha:
Ukulahleka kokuxhumana - yazisa i-AS ukuthi i-UE ayisatholakali kuthrafikhi yedatha noma ukusayina. Umcimbi wenzeka lapho "isikhathi sokufinyeleleka kweselula" se-UE siphelelwa yisikhathi ku-MME. Esicelweni salolu hlobo lokuqapha, i-AS ingabonisa inani layo "Isikhathi Sokuthola Ubukhulu" - uma ngalesi sikhathi i-UE ingabonisi noma yimuphi umsebenzi, i-AS izokwaziswa ukuthi i-UE ayitholakali, okubonisa isizathu. Umcimbi uphinde wenzeka uma i-UE isuswe ngenkani inethiwekhi nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
* Ukwazisa inethiwekhi ukuthi idivayisi isatholakala, ngezikhathi ezithile iqala inqubo yokubuyekeza - Isibuyekezo Sendawo Yokulandelela (TAU). Imvamisa yale nqubo isethwa inethiwekhi isebenzisa isibali sikhathi esingu-T3412 noma (T3412_extended esimweni se-PSM), inani layo elidluliselwa kudivayisi phakathi nenqubo yokunamathisela noma i-TAU elandelayo. Isikhathi sokufinyeleleka kweselula ngokuvamile sinemizuzu embalwa ubude kune-T3412. Uma i-UE ingenzanga i-TAU ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi “kwesibali sikhathi sokufinyeleleka kweselula”, inethiwekhi iyithatha njengengasafinyeleleki.
Ukufinyeleleka kwe-UE - Ibonisa ukuthi i-UE itholakala nini ku-DL yethrafikhi noma i-SMS. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-UE itholakala ukuze kuphejiswe (nge-UE kumodi ye-eDRX) noma uma i-UE ingena kumodi ye-ECM-CONNECTED (ye-UE kumodi ye-PSM noma ye-eDRX), i.e. yenza i-TAU noma ithumele iphakethe le-uplink.
Ukubikwa kwendawo - Lolu hlobo lwemicimbi yokuqapha luvumela i-AS ukuthi ibuze indawo ye-UE. Kungaba indawo yamanje (Indawo Yamanje) noma indawo yokugcina eyaziwayo (Inqunywa i-ID yeseli lapho idivayisi yenza kuyo i-TAU noma ithrafikhi edluliselwe okokugcina) ingacelwa, ehambisana namadivayisi aku-PSM noma amamodi okonga amandla e-eDRX. Kuthi "Indawo Yamanje", i-AS ingacela izimpendulo eziphindaphindiwe, i-MME yazisa i-AS isikhathi ngasinye lapho indawo yedivayisi ishintsha.
Ukushintsha kwe-IMSI-IMEI Association - Uma lo mcimbi ucushiwe, i-SCEF iqala ukuqapha izinguquko ekuhlanganisweni kwe-IMSI (isihlonzi sekhadi le-SIM) kanye ne-IMEI (isihlonzi sedivayisi). Uma kwenzeka umcimbi, yazisa u-AS. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuphinda ibophe ngokuzenzakalelayo i-ID yangaphandle kudivayisi phakathi nomsebenzi wokumiselela ohleliwe noma isebenze njengesihlonzi sokwebiwa kwedivayisi.
Isimo sokuzulazula – lolu hlobo lokuqapha lusetshenziswa yi-AS ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi i-UE ikunethiwekhi yasekhaya noma ikunethiwekhi yozakwethu ozulazulayo. Uma uthanda, i-PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) yesisebenzisi lapho idivayisi ibhaliswe khona ingasakazwa.
Ukuhluleka kokuxhumana - Lolu hlobo lokuqapha lwazisa i-AS mayelana nokwehluleka ekuxhumaneni nocingo, ngokusekelwe kuzizathu zokulahleka kokuxhumeka (ikhodi yesizathu sokukhishwa) etholwe kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo (i-S1-AP protocol). Lo mcimbi ungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kungani ukuxhumana kuhlulekile - ngenxa yezinkinga zenethiwekhi, isibonelo, uma i-eNodeb igcwele kakhulu (izinsiza zomsakazo azitholakali) noma ngenxa yokwehluleka kwedivayisi ngokwayo (Uxhumano Lomsakazo Nge-UE Lost).
Ukutholakala ngemva kokwehluleka kwe-DDN - lo mcimbi wazisa i-AS ukuthi idivayisi isiyatholakala ngemuva kokwehluleka kokuxhumana. Ingasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo sokudlulisa idatha kudivayisi, kodwa umzamo wangaphambilini awuzange uphumelele ngoba i-UE ayizange iphendule isaziso esivela kunethiwekhi (ikhasi) futhi idatha ayizange ilethwe. Uma lolu hlobo lokuqapha luye lwacelwa i-UE, khona-ke ngokushesha lapho idivayisi yenza ukuxhumana okungenayo, yenza i-TAU noma ithumele idatha ku-uplink, i-AS izokwaziswa ukuthi idivayisi isiyatholakala. Njengoba inqubo ye-DDN (downlink data notification) isebenza phakathi kwe-MME ne-S/P-GW, lolu hlobo lokuqapha lutholakala kuphela kumadivayisi e-IP.
Isimo Sokuxhumana se-PDN - yazisa i-AS uma isimo sedivayisi sishintsha (isimo sokuxhuma kwe-PDN) - uxhumano (ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-PDN) noma ukunqanyulwa (ukususwa kwe-PDN). Lokhu kungasetshenziswa yi-AS ukuqalisa ukuxhumana ne-UE, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuxhumana akusenakwenzeka. Lolu hlobo lokuqapha luyatholakala kumadivayisi we-IP kanye namadivayisi angewona awe-IP.
Inombolo yama-UE akhona endaweni - Lolu hlobo lokuqapha lusetshenziswa yi-AS ukuthola inani lama-UE endaweni ethile.
Ukucupha idivayisi)
Kumanethiwekhi e-2G/3G, inqubo yokubhalisa kunethiwekhi yayiyizigaba ezimbili: okokuqala, idivayisi ebhaliswe ne-SGSN (inqubo yokunamathisela), bese, uma kunesidingo, isebenze umongo we-PDP - uxhumano nesango lepakethe (GGSN) ukudlulisa idatha. Kumanethiwekhi e-3G, lezi zinqubo ezimbili zenzeke ngokulandelana, i.e. idivayisi ayizange ilinde isikhathi lapho idinga ukudlulisa idatha, kodwa yenza i-PDP isebenze ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa kwenqubo yokunamathisela. Ku-LTE, lezi zinqubo ezimbili zahlanganiswa zaba yinto eyodwa, okungukuthi, lapho kunamathiselwa, idivayisi yacela ngokushesha ukuthi kusebenze uxhumano lwe-PDN (okufana ne-PDP ku-2G/3G) nge-eNodeB kuya ku-MME-SGW-PGW.
I-NB-IoT ichaza indlela yokuxhuma ngokuthi “namathisela ngaphandle kwe-PDN”, okungukuthi, i-UE inamathisele ngaphandle kokusungula uxhumano lwe-PDN. Kulesi simo, ayitholakali ukudlulisa ithrafikhi, futhi ingathola noma ukuthumela i-SMS kuphela. Ukuze uthumele umyalo kudivayisi enjalo ukuze uvule i-PDN futhi uxhume ku-AS, umsebenzi othi "Ukucupha idivayisi" wathuthukiswa.
Lapho ithola umyalo wokuxhuma i-UE enjalo ku-AS, i-SCEF iqala ukuthumela i-SMS yokulawula kudivayisi ngesikhungo se-SMS. Uma ithola i-SMS, idivayisi yenza i-PDN isebenze futhi ixhume ku-AS ukuze ithole eminye imiyalelo noma ukudlulisa idatha.
Kungase kube nezikhathi lapho ukubhaliswa kwedivayisi yakho kuphelelwa yisikhathi ku-SCEF. Yebo, okubhaliselwe kunesikhathi sakho sokuphila, okusethwe opharetha noma kuvunyelwene ne-AS. Lapho iphelelwa yisikhathi, i-PDN izovalwa ku-MME futhi idivayisi ngeke itholakale ku-AS. Kulokhu, ukusebenza "kokucupha idivayisi" nakho kuzosiza. Lapho ithola idatha entsha evela ku-AS, i-SCEF izothola isimo sokuxhuma idivayisi futhi ilethe idatha ngesiteshi se-SMS.
isiphetho
Ukusebenza kwe-SCEF, vele, akukhawulelwe ezinsizeni ezichazwe ngenhla futhi kuhlala kuvela futhi kwanda. Njengamanje, izinsizakalo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili sezivele zifanekiselwa i-SCEF. Manje sesithinte kuphela imisebenzi esemqoka edingeka kubathuthukisi; sizokhuluma ngokunye ezihlokweni ezizayo.
Umbuzo uphakama ngokushesha: kanjani ukuthola ukufinyelela kokuhlolwa kule nodi “yesimangaliso” yokuhlolwa kokuqala kanye nokulungisa iphutha lamacala angenzeka? Konke kulula kakhulu. Noma yimuphi unjiniyela angathumela isicelo ku- [i-imeyili ivikelwe], lapho kwanele ukukhombisa inhloso yokuxhumana, incazelo yecala elingenzeka kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana lokuxhumana.
Ngikubone futhi!
Ababhali:
- uchwepheshe omkhulu womnyango wezixazululo eziguqukayo kanye nezinsizakalo zemultimedia uSergey Novikov ,
- uchwepheshe womnyango wezixazululo eziguqukayo kanye nezinsiza zemultimedia u-Alexey Lapshin
Source: www.habr.com